Artificial Intelligence Robotics (AI) PPT by Aamir Saleem Ansari

Artificial IntelligenceArtificial Intelligence
byby
Aamir Saleem AnsariAamir Saleem Ansari
www.techora.net

THE HUMAN BRAINTHE HUMAN BRAIN
TEST…TEST…

Something Rotating or NOT?Something Rotating or NOT?

Want to confuse your eyes with brainWant to confuse your eyes with brain

PARALLEL OR NOT?PARALLEL OR NOT?

Concentrate On The Cross In The MiddleConcentrate On The Cross In The Middle

Just Focus on 4 dots.Just Focus on 4 dots.

What is AI?What is AI?
 Artificial intelligenceArtificial intelligence can be thought of ascan be thought of as
constructing computer models of humanconstructing computer models of human
intelligenceintelligence
Recognising a face.Recognising a face.
Navigating a busy street.Navigating a busy street.
Understanding what someone says.Understanding what someone says.
 All tasks require reasoning onAll tasks require reasoning on
knowledge.knowledge.

Who does AI?Who does AI?
 Many disciplines contribute to createMany disciplines contribute to create
intelligent entities:intelligent entities:
 Computer ScienceComputer Science
 Psychology (human reasoning)Psychology (human reasoning)
 Philosophy (nature of belief etc)Philosophy (nature of belief etc)
 Languages (Lisp & Prolog)Languages (Lisp & Prolog)
 Human Biology (how brain works)Human Biology (how brain works)

Typical AI ProblemsTypical AI Problems
 Everyday tasks - consider going shopping:Everyday tasks - consider going shopping:
 Planning a route!Planning a route!
 Recognising buses, people.Recognising buses, people.
 Communicating through natural language.Communicating through natural language.
 Navigating obstacles on the street.Navigating obstacles on the street.
 Expert tasks are things like:Expert tasks are things like:
 Medical Diagnosis.Medical Diagnosis.
 Equipment repair.Equipment repair.

Could AI Stop This?Could AI Stop This?

Can We Build Artificial People?Can We Build Artificial People?
•Historical attempts
•Roots of Modern Technology
•The modern quest for robots
•Us vs. Them

Historical Attempts - FrankensteinHistorical Attempts - Frankenstein
The original story,
published by Mary
Shelley, in 1818,
describes the attempt of
a true scientist, Victor
Frankenstein, to create
life.

Historical Attempts - EuphoniaHistorical Attempts - Euphonia
Joseph Faber's Amazing Talking Machine
(1830-40's).

Historical Attempts - RURHistorical Attempts - RUR
"CHEAP LABOR. ROSSUM'S ROBOTS."
"ROBOTS FOR THE TROPICS. 150 DOLLARS
EACH."
"EVERYONE SHOULD BUY HIS OWN ROBOT."
"DO YOU WANT TO CHEAPEN YOUR OUTPUT?
ORDER ROSSUM'S ROBOTS"
In 1921, Karel produced the play R.U.R.
(Rossum's Universal Robots).
Robota actually means "forced workers"
or "slaves."

The Roots of Modern TechnologyThe Roots of Modern Technology
 Beads on Rods to count and calculateBeads on Rods to count and calculate
 Still widely used in Asia!Still widely used in Asia!

 Slide Rule 1630Slide Rule 1630
 used until 1970sused until 1970s

In 1642 Pascal built an Adding Machine

 First storedFirst stored
program - metalprogram - metal
cardscards
 First computerFirst computer
manufacturingmanufacturing
 Still in use today!Still in use today!

 Analytical Engine 1833Analytical Engine 1833
 could store numberscould store numbers
 powered by steam!powered by steam!

UNIVAC – 1951UNIVAC – 1951
UNIVersal Automatic ComputerUNIVersal Automatic Computer
 first fully electronicfirst fully electronic digitaldigital
computer built in the U.S.computer built in the U.S.
 Created at the University ofCreated at the University of
PennsylvaniaPennsylvania
 ENIAC weighed 30 tonsENIAC weighed 30 tons
 contained 18,000 vacuumcontained 18,000 vacuum
tubestubes
 Cost a paltry $487,000Cost a paltry $487,000

Grace Hopper (1906-1992)Grace Hopper (1906-1992)
 Programmed UNIVACProgrammed UNIVAC

First GenerationFirst Generation - 1940 – 1950- 1940 – 1950
Vacuum TubesVacuum Tubes
 Expensive, bulky, unreliable and moreExpensive, bulky, unreliable and more
power used to run these computerspower used to run these computers
 Used punched card / tapes, magneticUsed punched card / tapes, magnetic
drum memories.drum memories.
 Machine Language usedMachine Language used

Second GenerationSecond Generation - 1950 – 1960- 1950 – 1960
TransistorTransistor
 Smaller, faster &Smaller, faster &
cheaper and morecheaper and more
reliable and energy-reliable and energy-
efficient thanefficient than
vacuum tubesvacuum tubes
 Assembly, FortranAssembly, Fortran
& COBOL used& COBOL used

Third GenerationThird Generation - 1960 – 1970- 1960 – 1970
Integrated CircuitsIntegrated Circuits
 Speed and efficiency increasedSpeed and efficiency increased
 Keyboard and monitor usedKeyboard and monitor used
 Operating System run the computersOperating System run the computers

Integrated CircuitsIntegrated Circuits

Fourth GenerationFourth Generation - 1970 – Present- 1970 – Present
MicroprocessorMicroprocessor
 Graphics and mouseGraphics and mouse
 Hand held devicesHand held devices
 Embedded computingEmbedded computing
 PCs at homePCs at home
 Apple II released 1977Apple II released 1977
 widely used in schoolswidely used in schools

Fifth Generation-Fifth Generation-Present & BeyondPresent & Beyond
Artificial IntelligenceArtificial Intelligence
 Voice Input / OutputVoice Input / Output
 Natural Language Input / OutputNatural Language Input / Output
 Parallel ComputingParallel Computing

 Grid ComputingGrid Computing
 Nano TechnologyNano Technology
 Quantum ComputingQuantum Computing
 DNA ComputingDNA Computing
Looking into the FutureLooking into the Future

How Will We Recognize AI?How Will We Recognize AI?
1990 Loebner Prize established. Grand
Prize of $100,000 and a Gold Medal for the
first computer whose responses just like a
human.

Were Newell and Simon Right?Were Newell and Simon Right?
•1957 Newell and Simon predicted
that a computer will beat a human
at chess.

Chess TodayChess Today
In 1997, Deep Blue beat Gary Kasparov.

Robotics - TortoiseRobotics - Tortoise
1950 W. Grey Walter’s light seeking tortoises. In
this picture, there are two, each with a light source
and a light sensor. Thus they appear to “dance”
around each other.

Robotics – Hopkins BeastRobotics – Hopkins Beast
1964 Its goal was to find power outlets.

Robotics - ShakeyRobotics - Shakey
1970 Shakey (SRI)
remote-controlled
computer, which
formulated plans for
moving and acting.

Robotics – Stanford CartRobotics – Stanford Cart
1971-9 Stanford cart.
Remote controlled by
person or computer.
1971 follow the white
line
1975 drive in a straight
line by tracking skyline
1979 get through
obstacle courses.

Planning vs. ReactingPlanning vs. Reacting
1979 – in “Fast, Cheap and Out of Control”
The Ant, has 17 sensors. They are designed
to work in colonies.

Robotics - DanteRobotics - Dante
In 1993, eight
volcanologists were killed
in two separate events
while sampling and
monitoring volcanoes.
1994 Dante explored the
High-temperature, gas by
volcano.

Robotics – Mars RoverRobotics – Mars Rover

Sand Storm Robot Car RaceSand Storm Robot Car Race
In 2004 - An Unmanned offroad race,
142 miles from Barstow to Las Vegas.

Soccer Match by Robot DogsSoccer Match by Robot Dogs
1997 – First official Cup soccer match
Picture from 2003
competition

Human like RobotHuman like Robot
Humanoid intelligence

The Differences BetweenThe Differences Between
Us and ThemUs and Them
•Emotions
•Understanding
•Consciousness

Robot EmotionsRobot Emotions
SAD SURPRISE

ConsciousnessConsciousness
Perception

Educational ImpactEducational Impact
 Machines in the classroom would beMachines in the classroom would be
teachersteachers
 Machines may motivate or inspireMachines may motivate or inspire
studentsstudents

Medical ImpactMedical Impact
 Doctors and nurses uses AI for TreatmentDoctors and nurses uses AI for Treatment
 Silicon chips to replace damaged nerve cellsSilicon chips to replace damaged nerve cells
 You can operate human on moon from the earthYou can operate human on moon from the earth

Military ImpactMilitary Impact
 Laser and particle beam weaponsLaser and particle beam weapons
 Smart weaponsSmart weapons
 Planes without pilotsPlanes without pilots

Human Vs ComputerHuman Vs Computer
 Computational tasksComputational tasks
 Computers are better than humansComputers are better than humans
 Recognition tasksRecognition tasks
 Humans are better than computersHumans are better than computers
 Reasoning tasksReasoning tasks
 Require a large amount of knowledgeRequire a large amount of knowledge
 Humans are far better than computersHumans are far better than computers

Islam & AIIslam & AI
In Islam, God created man in hisIn Islam, God created man in his
own imageown image
So:So:
How can man create artificial lifeHow can man create artificial life
if God is the creator of life?if God is the creator of life?

THANKS….THANKS….
Q & A If Any…Q & A If Any…
For More Info Visit : www.techora.net

Artificial Intelligence Robotics (AI) PPT by Aamir Saleem Ansari

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