![CRT_PORT DW 0 ;SCREEN STATUS PORT
flag db 0
TIME DB 8 DUP(':',0BH) ;TIME SAVE AREA
CLK_INT LABEL NEAR
PUSH AX ;SAVE REGISTERS
PUSH CX
PUSH DI
PUSH SI
PUSH DS
PUSH ES
PUSHF ; AND FLAGS
CALL CS:[INTRPT] ;DO OLD UPDATE INTERRUPT
MOV CX,0040H ;GET SEGMENT OF DOS TABLE
MOV DS,CX ;PUT IN DS
MOV CX,CS:TICKS ;GET TICK COUNT
INC CX ;INCREMENT IT
CMP CX,20 ;01F4H ;HAS A MINUTE GONE BY?
JB NO_MINUTE ;NO, MOVE ON
CALL UPDATE ;YES, UPDATE CLOCK AND
MOV CX,0 ; RESET TICK COUNTER
NO_MINUTE:
MOV CS:TICKS,CX ;SAVE UPDATED TICK COUNT
MOV CX,0B000H ;GET VIDEO SEGMENT
MOV ES,CX ;PUT IN ES](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/assemblylanguage-150610125744-lva1-app6892/85/Assembly-language-14-320.jpg)
![MOV DX,CS:CRT_PORT ;GET CRT STATUS PORT ADDR
MOV DI,WORD PTR CS:SCR_OFF ;GET SCREEN BUFFER OFFSET
LEA SI,CS:TIME ;GET DOS TIME
MOV CX,16 ;SET UP TO MOVE 10 BYTES
CLI ;DISABLE OTHER INTERRUPTS
WAIT1: IN AL,DX ;READ CRT STATUS
TEST AL,1 ;CHECK FOR VERTICAL RETRACE
JNZ WAIT1 ;WAIT FOR RETRACE LOW
MOV AH,CS:[SI] ;GET FIRST BYTE TO MOVE
WAIT2: IN AL,DX ;GET CRT STATUS
TEST AL,1 ;CHECK FOR VERTICAL RETRACE
JZ WAIT2 ;WAIT FOR RETRACE HIGH
MOV ES:[DI],AH ;MOVE BYTE TO SCREEN
INC DI ;INCREMENT INDEX
INC SI
LOOP WAIT1 ;MOVE NEXT BYTE
STI ;ENABLE INTERRUPTS
POP ES ;RESTORE REGISTERS
POP DS
POP SI
POP DI
POP CX
POP AX
IRET ;RETURN FROM INTERRUPT](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/assemblylanguage-150610125744-lva1-app6892/85/Assembly-language-15-320.jpg)
![CLK ENDP
UPDATE PROC NEAR
PUSH AX ;SAVE REGISTERS
PUSH BX
PUSH CX
PUSH DX
PUSH DS
MOV AX,0040H ;GET ADDRESS OF DOS TABLE
MOV DS,AX ;PUT IN DS
MOV AX,TIME_HI ;GET HIGH BYTE OF DOS TIME
mov flag,0 ;am flag
HOUR: CMP AX,0CH ;CONVERT TO HOURS
JLE H1
mov flag,1 ;set to pm
SUB AX,0CH
JMP HOUR
H1: AAM ;CONVERT TO ASCII
ADD AX,3030H
LEA BX,CS:TIME ;GET ADDRESS OF TIME AREA
MOV CS:[BX],AH ;SAVE HOURS FIRST DIGIT
MOV CS:[BX+2],AL ;SAVE HOURS SECOND DIGIT
MOV AX,TIME_LO ;GET DOS TIME LOW BYTE
MOV CX,8H ;CONVERT TO MINUTES
SHR AX,CL](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/assemblylanguage-150610125744-lva1-app6892/85/Assembly-language-16-320.jpg)
![MOV DX,3CH
MUL DL
SHR AX,CL
AAM ;CONVERT TO ASCII
ADD AX,3030H
MOV CS:[BX+6],AH ;SAVE MINUTES FIRST DIGIT
MOV CS:[BX+8],AL ;SAVE MINUTES SECOND DIGIT
mov byte ptr cs:[bx+12],'a'
cmp flag,0 ;is it am?
jz goahead
mov byte ptr cs:[bx+12],'p'
goahead:
mov byte ptr cs:[bx+14],'m'
POP DS ;RESTORE REGISTERS
POP DX
POP CX
POP BX
POP AX
RET
UPDATE ENDP
SETUP: MOV AX,0 ;GET ADDRESS OF VECTOR TABLE
MOV DS,AX ;PUT IN DS
CLI ;DISABLE FURTHER INTERRUPTS
MOV AX,[VEC_IP] ;GET ADDRESS OF OLD UPDATE IP](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/assemblylanguage-150610125744-lva1-app6892/85/Assembly-language-17-320.jpg)
![MOV CS:[INT_IP],AX ;SAVE IT
MOV AX,[VEC_CS] ;GET ADDRESS OF OLD UPDATE CS
MOV CS:[INT_CS],AX ;SAVE IT
MOV VEC_IP,OFFSET CLK_INT ;PUT ADDRESS OF CLK IN VECTOR IP
MOV VEC_CS,CS ;PUT CS OF CLK IN VECTOR CS
STI ;ENABLE INTERRUPTS
MOV AH,0FH ;READ VIDEO STATUS
INT 10H
SUB AH,8 ;SUBTRACT 8 CHAR TIME FROM NCOLS
SHL AH,1 ;MULTIPLY BY 2 FOR ATTRIBUTE
MOV CS:SCR_OFF,AH ;SAVE SCREEN TIME LOCATION
MOV WORD PTR CS:CRT_PORT,03BAH ;SAVE MONO STATUS PORT ADDR
TEST AL,4 ;CHECK FOR COLOR MONITOR
JNZ MONO ;IF MONO, MOVE ON
ADD WORD PTR CS:SCR_OFF,8000H ;ADD COLOR OFFSET TO TIME OFFSET
MOV WORD PTR CS:CRT_PORT,03DAH ;SAVE COLOR STATUS PORT ADDR
MONO: CALL UPDATE ;DO FIRST UPDATE & PRINT TIME
MOV DX,OFFSET SETUP ;GET END ADDRESS OF NEW INTERRUPT
INT 27H ;TERMINATE AND REMAIN RESIDENT
DB 117 DUP(0) ;FILLER
CODESEG ENDS
END CLK](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/assemblylanguage-150610125744-lva1-app6892/85/Assembly-language-18-320.jpg)
Assembly language
- 1. Assembly Language Requirement Submitted by: Pierre Paul Balanon
- 2. #1 Chips ; calling convention: ; ; int chips( void ); ; ; returns: ; ; tucked away neatly in your AX.... ; ; you get back 8x if an 8088/8086 ; 18x if an 80186/80188 ; 28x if an 80286 ; 38x if an 80386 ; 20x for a NEC V20/V30 ; AND ; xx0 if NO NDP is found ; xx1 if an 8087 ; xx2 if an 80287 ; xx3 for an 80387 ; ; OR..... ;
- 3. ; >>> A return of 280 means you got an 80286 machine with no NDP, <<< ; >>> 383 means you have an 80386/80387 rig to work with, and a <<< ; >>> return of 81 sez that you have 8088/8086 CPU with an 8087. <<< ; >>> A 200 tells you that you got an NEC V20/V30 without an NDP. <<< ; >>> ETC., Etc., etc. <<< ; ; NOTE: ; ; There are lotsa ways of handling the way this function returns ; it's data. For my purposes, I have elected this one because ; it requires only int arithmetic on the caller's end to extract ; all the info I need from the return value. I think that I'm ; well enough 'commented' in the following code so that you will ; be able to tinker and Putz until you find the best return tech- ; nique for Ur purposes without having to reinvent the wheel. ; ; >>>> Please see TEST.C, enclosed in this .ARC. <<<< ; ; REFERENCES: ; ; _chips is made up of two PROC's, cpu_type and ndp_type. ; ; cpu_type is based on uncopyrighted, published logic by ; Clif (that's the way he spells it) Purkiser of Intel -
- 4. ; Santa Clara. ; ; ndp_type is adopted from Ted Forgeron's article in PC ; Tech Journal, Aug '87 p43. ; ; In the event of subsequent republication of this function, ; please carry forward reference to these two gentlemen as ; original authors. ; .MODEL SMALL .CODE PUBLIC _chips _chips PROC control dw 0 ; control word needed for the NDP test push BP ; save where Ur at mov BP,SP ; going in..... push DI push SI push CX ; not really needed for MSC but kinda ; nice to do cuz someone else might
- 5. ; want to use the function and we do ; use CX later on call cpu_type ; find out what kinda CPU you got and ; and save it in DX for future reference call ndp_type ; check for math coprocessor (NDP) type ; and hold that result in AX add AX,DX ; add the two results together and hold ; 'em in AX for Ur return to the caller pop CX ; put things back the way that you pop SI ; found 'em when you started this pop DI ; little drill off..... pop BP ; AND ret ; go back to where you came from.... ; ( ===> the calling program ) ; with Ur results sittin' in AX !! _chips endp cpu_type PROC
- 6. pushf ; pump Ur flags register onto the stack xor DX,DX ; blow out Ur DX and AX to start off xor AX,AX ; with a clean slate push AX ; put AX on the stack popf ; bring it back in Ur flags pushf ; try to set bits 12 thru 15 to a zero pop AX ; get back Ur flags word in AX and AX, 0f000h ; if bits 12 thru 15 are set then you got cmp AX, 0f000h ; an Intel 8018x or a 808x or maybe even jz dig ; a NEC V20/V30 ??? - gotta look more... ; OTHERWISE.... ; Here's the BIG one.... 'tells the difference between an 80286 and ; an 80386 !! mov AX, 07000h ; try to set FLAG bits 12 thru 14 ; - NT, IOPL push AX ; put it onto the stack popf ; and try to pump 07000H into Ur flags pushf ; push Ur flags, again pop AX ; and bring back AX for a compare and AX,07000h ; if Ur bits 12 thru 14 are set jnz got386 ; then Ur workin' with an 80386 mov DX, 0280 ; save 280 in DX cuz it's an 80286
- 7. jmp SHORT CPUbye ; and bail out got386: mov DX, 0380 ; save 380 in DX cuz it's an Intel 80386 jmp SHORT CPUbye ; and bail out ; here's we try to figger out whether it's an 80188/80186, an 8088/8086 ; or an NEC V20/V30 - 'couple of slick tricks from Clif Purkiser..... dig: mov AX, 0ffffh ; load up AX mov CL, 33 ; HERE's the FIRST TRICK.... this will ; shift everything 33 times if it's ; 8088/8086, or once for a 80188/80186! shl AX, CL ; on a shift of 33, all bits get zeroed jz digmor ; out so if anything is left ON it's ; gotta be an 80188/80186 mov DX,0180 ; save 180 in DX cuz it's an 80188/80186 jmp SHORT CPUbye ; and bail out digmor: xor AL,AL ; clean out AL to set ZF mov AL,40h ; ANOTHER TRICK.... mul on an NEC duz NOT mul AL ; effect the zero flag BUT on an Intel jz gotNEC ; 8088/8086, the zero flag gets thrown mov DX,0080 ; 80 into DX cuz it's an Intel 8088/8086 jmp SHORT CPUbye ; and bail out
- 8. gotNEC: mov DX,0200 ; it's an NEC V20/V30 so save 200 in DX CPUbye: popf ; putchur flags back to where they were ret ; and go back to where you came from ; (i.e., ===> _chips) with the CPU type ; tucked away in DX for future reference cpu_type endp ; Check for an NDP. ; ; >>>>NOTE: If you are using an MASM version < 5.0, don't forget to ; use the /R option or you will bomb cuz of the coprocessor instruc- ; tions. /R is not needed for version 5.0.<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< ndp_type PROC do_we: fninit ; try to initialize the NDP mov byte ptr control+1,0 ; clear memory byte fnstcw control ; put control word in memory mov AH,byte ptr control+1 ; iff AH is 03h, you got cmp AH,03h ; an NDP on board !! je chk_87 ; found somethin', keep goin' xor AX,AX ; clean out AX to show a zero
- 9. jmp SHORT NDPbye ; return (i.e., no NDP) ; 'got an 8087 ?? chk_87: and control,NOT 0080h ; turn ON interrupts (IEM = 0) fldcw control ; load control word fdisi ; turn OFF interrupts (IEM = 1) fstcw control ; store control word test control,0080h ; iff IEM=1, 8087 jz chk287 ; 'guess not! March on.... mov AX,0001 ; set up for a 1 return to jmp SHORT NDPbye ; show an 8087 is on board ; if not.... would you believe an 80287 maybe ?? chk287: finit ; set default infinity mode fld1 ; make infinity fldz ; by dividing fdiv ; 1 by zero !! fld st ; now make a fchs ; negative infinity fcompp ; compare Ur two infinities fstsw control ; iff, for 8087 or 80287 fwait ; sit tight 'til status word is put away
- 10. mov AX,control ; getchur control word sahf ; putchur AH into flags jnz got387 ; NO GOOD.... march on !! mov AX,0002 ; gotta be a 80287 cuz we already tested jmp SHORT NDPbye ; for an 8087 ; We KNOW that there is an NDP on board otherwise we would have bailed ; out after 'do_we'. It isn't an 8087 or an 80287 or we wouldn't have ; gotten this far. It's gotta be an 80387 !! got387: mov AX,0003 ; call it an 80387 and return 3 NDPbye: ret ; and go back where you came from ; (i.e., ===> _chips) carrying the NDP ; type in Ur AX register ndp_type endp _text ends End
- 11. #2 Game Port ; GAMEPORT.ASM ; .MODEL TINY .DATA yes DB 13,10,"Game port is installed.",13,10,"$" no DB 13,10,"Game port is not installed.",13,10,"$" .CODE ORG 100h start: mov al, 1 ;value to write to port mov dx, 201h ;port number out dx, al ;write to port mov cx, 0F00h ;# of loops port_loop:
- 12. in al, dx ;read from port and al, 0Fh ;if jstick present, then AL should be cmp al, 0Fh ; 0Fh after ANDing with 0Fh. je jstick_exists loop port_loop mov dx, OFFSET no ;gameport not installed jmp SHORT done jstick_exists: mov dx, OFFSET yes ;gameport installed done: mov ah, 9h int 21h mov ax, 4c00h int 21h END start
- 13. #3 Clock CGROUP GROUP VECTOR,CODESEG VECTOR SEGMENT AT 0H DB 6CH DUP(?) ;FILLER TIME_LO DW ? ;DOS TIME TIME_HI DW ? ;DOS TIME VEC_IP DW ;CLOCK UPDATE VECTOR IP VEC_CS DW ;CLOCK UPDATE VECTOR CS VECTOR ENDS CODESEG SEGMENT PARA ASSUME CS:CODESEG,DS:CGROUP ORG 100H CLK PROC FAR JMP SETUP ;ATTACH TO DOS INTRPT LABEL DWORD INT_IP DW 0 ;OLD UPDATE VECTOR IP INT_CS DW 0 ;OLD UPDATE VECROR CS TICKS DW 0 ;TICK COUNTER SCR_OFF DB 0,0 ;SCREEN OFFSET IN BUFFER
- 14. CRT_PORT DW 0 ;SCREEN STATUS PORT flag db 0 TIME DB 8 DUP(':',0BH) ;TIME SAVE AREA CLK_INT LABEL NEAR PUSH AX ;SAVE REGISTERS PUSH CX PUSH DI PUSH SI PUSH DS PUSH ES PUSHF ; AND FLAGS CALL CS:[INTRPT] ;DO OLD UPDATE INTERRUPT MOV CX,0040H ;GET SEGMENT OF DOS TABLE MOV DS,CX ;PUT IN DS MOV CX,CS:TICKS ;GET TICK COUNT INC CX ;INCREMENT IT CMP CX,20 ;01F4H ;HAS A MINUTE GONE BY? JB NO_MINUTE ;NO, MOVE ON CALL UPDATE ;YES, UPDATE CLOCK AND MOV CX,0 ; RESET TICK COUNTER NO_MINUTE: MOV CS:TICKS,CX ;SAVE UPDATED TICK COUNT MOV CX,0B000H ;GET VIDEO SEGMENT MOV ES,CX ;PUT IN ES
- 15. MOV DX,CS:CRT_PORT ;GET CRT STATUS PORT ADDR MOV DI,WORD PTR CS:SCR_OFF ;GET SCREEN BUFFER OFFSET LEA SI,CS:TIME ;GET DOS TIME MOV CX,16 ;SET UP TO MOVE 10 BYTES CLI ;DISABLE OTHER INTERRUPTS WAIT1: IN AL,DX ;READ CRT STATUS TEST AL,1 ;CHECK FOR VERTICAL RETRACE JNZ WAIT1 ;WAIT FOR RETRACE LOW MOV AH,CS:[SI] ;GET FIRST BYTE TO MOVE WAIT2: IN AL,DX ;GET CRT STATUS TEST AL,1 ;CHECK FOR VERTICAL RETRACE JZ WAIT2 ;WAIT FOR RETRACE HIGH MOV ES:[DI],AH ;MOVE BYTE TO SCREEN INC DI ;INCREMENT INDEX INC SI LOOP WAIT1 ;MOVE NEXT BYTE STI ;ENABLE INTERRUPTS POP ES ;RESTORE REGISTERS POP DS POP SI POP DI POP CX POP AX IRET ;RETURN FROM INTERRUPT
- 16. CLK ENDP UPDATE PROC NEAR PUSH AX ;SAVE REGISTERS PUSH BX PUSH CX PUSH DX PUSH DS MOV AX,0040H ;GET ADDRESS OF DOS TABLE MOV DS,AX ;PUT IN DS MOV AX,TIME_HI ;GET HIGH BYTE OF DOS TIME mov flag,0 ;am flag HOUR: CMP AX,0CH ;CONVERT TO HOURS JLE H1 mov flag,1 ;set to pm SUB AX,0CH JMP HOUR H1: AAM ;CONVERT TO ASCII ADD AX,3030H LEA BX,CS:TIME ;GET ADDRESS OF TIME AREA MOV CS:[BX],AH ;SAVE HOURS FIRST DIGIT MOV CS:[BX+2],AL ;SAVE HOURS SECOND DIGIT MOV AX,TIME_LO ;GET DOS TIME LOW BYTE MOV CX,8H ;CONVERT TO MINUTES SHR AX,CL
- 17. MOV DX,3CH MUL DL SHR AX,CL AAM ;CONVERT TO ASCII ADD AX,3030H MOV CS:[BX+6],AH ;SAVE MINUTES FIRST DIGIT MOV CS:[BX+8],AL ;SAVE MINUTES SECOND DIGIT mov byte ptr cs:[bx+12],'a' cmp flag,0 ;is it am? jz goahead mov byte ptr cs:[bx+12],'p' goahead: mov byte ptr cs:[bx+14],'m' POP DS ;RESTORE REGISTERS POP DX POP CX POP BX POP AX RET UPDATE ENDP SETUP: MOV AX,0 ;GET ADDRESS OF VECTOR TABLE MOV DS,AX ;PUT IN DS CLI ;DISABLE FURTHER INTERRUPTS MOV AX,[VEC_IP] ;GET ADDRESS OF OLD UPDATE IP
- 18. MOV CS:[INT_IP],AX ;SAVE IT MOV AX,[VEC_CS] ;GET ADDRESS OF OLD UPDATE CS MOV CS:[INT_CS],AX ;SAVE IT MOV VEC_IP,OFFSET CLK_INT ;PUT ADDRESS OF CLK IN VECTOR IP MOV VEC_CS,CS ;PUT CS OF CLK IN VECTOR CS STI ;ENABLE INTERRUPTS MOV AH,0FH ;READ VIDEO STATUS INT 10H SUB AH,8 ;SUBTRACT 8 CHAR TIME FROM NCOLS SHL AH,1 ;MULTIPLY BY 2 FOR ATTRIBUTE MOV CS:SCR_OFF,AH ;SAVE SCREEN TIME LOCATION MOV WORD PTR CS:CRT_PORT,03BAH ;SAVE MONO STATUS PORT ADDR TEST AL,4 ;CHECK FOR COLOR MONITOR JNZ MONO ;IF MONO, MOVE ON ADD WORD PTR CS:SCR_OFF,8000H ;ADD COLOR OFFSET TO TIME OFFSET MOV WORD PTR CS:CRT_PORT,03DAH ;SAVE COLOR STATUS PORT ADDR MONO: CALL UPDATE ;DO FIRST UPDATE & PRINT TIME MOV DX,OFFSET SETUP ;GET END ADDRESS OF NEW INTERRUPT INT 27H ;TERMINATE AND REMAIN RESIDENT DB 117 DUP(0) ;FILLER CODESEG ENDS END CLK