Assessing KSA: The Learning Taxonomy
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This document outlines three different taxonomies for classifying levels of knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSA): 1. Silva's Cognitive Domain taxonomy describes 6 levels of knowledge - from remembering to creating. 2. Simpson's Psychomotor Domain taxonomy lists 7 levels of skills development - from perception to origination. 3. Harrow's 1972 taxonomy outlines 6 levels of psychomotor skills - from reflex movements to non-discursive communication. The taxonomies provide examples of each level to illustrate the progression in complexity of knowledge, skills, and abilities.
Assessing KSA: The Learning Taxonomy
- 1. Assessing KSA (Knowledge, Skills and Attitude) The Taxonomy Prof. Neilson A. Silva ASIATECH College
- 2. Domain I. Cognitive (Knowledge) Level 1 Remembering : Recall of previously learned information Examples : Recite the multiplication table • Match the words with the parts of the picture of a sewing machine Level 2 Understanding :comprehending the meaning, translation and interpretation Examples : Explain in one’s own words the stages in the life cycle of a butterfly • Distinguish between he different geometric figures
- 3. Level 3 Applying : using what has been learned into similar new situations Examples : Use a mathematical formula to solve an algebra problem • Correct grammar usage • Prepare a daily menus for one week for a family of six
- 4. Level 4 : Analyzing : Separating materials or concept into component parts to understand the whole Examples : Differentiate the parts of a tree • Observe the classroom and understand the things to be improved
- 5. Level 5 Evaluating : judging the value of an idea. Examples: Defend a research proposal • Select the most effective solution • Critique a class demonstration
- 6. Level 6 : Creating: Building a pattern or putting parts together Examples : write a syllabus for a school subject • Compile personal records and documents into a portfolio
- 7. Domain II: Psychomotor (Skills) Simpson 1. Perception : being aware , use sensory cues to guide motor activity Examples : Estimate where a ball will land after it is thrown and move to the correct location to cath the ball.
- 8. 2. Set : The readiness to act (mindsets) Examples : Knows and acts upon a sequence of steps in processing • Recognize one’s abilities and limitations
- 9. 3. Guided Response : Imitation and trial and error Examples : Perform a mathematical equation as demonstrated. • Follow instruction to build a model • Responds hands signal of instructor while learning to operate a forklift
- 10. 4. Mechanism (basic proficiency) : Learned responses have become habitual • Use a personal computers
- 11. 5. Complex Overt Response : Proficiency is indicated , performing without hesitation Examples: Operates a computer quickly and accurately. • Displays competence while playing the piano
- 12. 6. Adaptation : Skills are well developed. Individual can modify movement Examples : Perform a task with a machine that it was not originally intended to do.
- 13. 7. Origination : Creating new movement patterns to fit particular situation or specific problem. Emphasizes creativity based upon highly developed skills Examples: Create a new gymnastics routine • Constructs a new theory
- 14. Dave taxonomy 1. Imitation : Observing and patterning behavior after someone else. Examples: Copying a work of art 2. Manipulation : perform certain actions by memory or following instructions • Follows instructions to build a model .
- 15. 3. Precision : Refining becoming more exact. • Performing a skill within a high degree of precision Examples : Working and reworking so it will be just right. • Perform a task without assistance
- 16. 4. Articulation : Coordinating and adapting a series of actions to achieve harmony Examples : Combining a series of skills to produce a video that involves music, drama, etc. • Combining a series of skills to meet a novel requirement.
- 17. 5. Naturalization : Mastering a high level performance until it becomes natural Examples : Operates a computer quickly and accurately • Displays competence while playing the piano.
- 18. Harrow 1972 1. Reflex Movements : Reactions that are not learned (involuntary) Examples : Instinctive response 2. Fundamental Movements : Basic movements such as walking or grasping Examples : perform a simple task
- 19. 3. Perceptual abilities : Response to stimuli such as visual, auditory, kinesthetic, tactile Examples : Track a moving object • Recognize a pattern
- 20. 4. Physical abilities : stamina that must be developed for further development such as strenghth and agility Examples : Run a marathon
- 21. 5. Skilled movements : Advanced learned movements as in sports or acting Examples : Using an advanced series of integrated movements, , perform a role in stage play
- 22. 6. Non-discursive communication Use effective body language such as facial expressions and gestures . * Express one’s self by using movements and gestures.