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Assessing the consistency, quality, and completeness of the Reviewed Event Bulletin with waveform cross correlation

Ivan Kitov, profile picture
Ivan Kitov

The document discusses the evaluation of event bulletins in seismic analysis, focusing on consistency, quality, and completeness through waveform cross-correlation techniques. It details methodologies for assessing signals from historical events across various distances and magnitudes, and highlights the need for expert analyses and the use of automatic tools for detecting similarities between seismic events. Additionally, the study includes specific testing results related to newly detected arrivals and their parameters from the IDC database.

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Assessing the consistency, quality, and completeness of the Reviewed Event Bulleting with waveform cross correlation Ivan Kitov, Dmitry Bobrov, and Mikhail Rozhkov PTS
Outline • Motivation • Spot check at the IDC • Reviewed Event Bulletin • Waveform cross correlation • Correlation of historical events: best master events • Testing REB events • Testing REB detections • Testing non-detections • During interactive analysis
Spot check at the IDC Extended interactive analysis of specific data sets by experienced analysts with routine and expert software without tight time constraints Goals: quality, consistency, completeness Extensive human recourses are needed
Motivation 1. To quantify the level of similarity between signals from close events and its dependence on magnitude and distance 2. To assess the consistency, quality, and completeness of the Reviewed Event Bulletin 3. To develop a tool for automatic and interactive check of signals and events using a set of best Master Events 4. To evaluate noise reduction by the Principal Component Analysis
Spot check using waveform cross correlation Waveform arid evid time site station IDC database waveforms, station parameters, bulletins, … Real templates master events PCA templates Synthetic templates waveform cross correlation: association, location, characterization arrival bulletin event comparison monitoring
All REB events (~270,000 since May 2010)
REB events with ndef>6 (~150,000)
REB events with good quality (~85,000)
Global grid, ~140 km between nodes
Master events by cross correlation: 0-40 km (1447 events)
All master events: 0-40 km (~4575)
Master events: by cross correlation 40-80 km (292 events)
Master events: 0-700 km (~7500 events)
Global grid Grid nodes with real master events selected by cross correlation
Multidimensional PCA (Poster T3.5-P20) Generalized approach to multidimensional master event construction
Multidimensional PCA High-order dimensionality reduction methods 1. Multidimensional discrete cosine transform (DCT) 2. Tensor interpolation 3. Tensor SVD 4. 2D Fourier transform 5. Hyper-complex decomposition of data from 3-C stations Objects • 3-C station • Vertical array stations • 3-C array station • Inhomogeneous network (global and station templates)
Tensor PCA W U V≈ S 𝒜 Station (log- lin scale) Signal (log- lin scale) Event (log- lin scale) Event eigenvalues in lin-lin scale. Red line indicates reduction level Eigenvectors Input array signal NOA
Events for Principal Component Analysis Aitik and Kiruna mines ~150 events All quality signals from events within 3 degrees from grid nodes at all IMS stations
Spot check: new detections Search for PKiKP at CMAR Distribution of events CMAR -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 φ λ CMAR P PKiKP 1. Select PKiKP templates/master events 2. Search for correlation with events having PKiKP arrivals at the IDC (34 in total) 3. Search for correlation with events having no PKiKP arrivals at the IDC (77 in total) 4. Determine arrival times and other parameters for the newly find arrivals orid = 2471404, 36.34N, 70.77E, d=252 km orid = 2795580, 6.51S, 130.3E, d=130 km 279558031045375177716556826911719651192222263560310632121332849247140449113575132262498599456516046547155654555027768345578912 2770403 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2795580 18.7 6.2 0.0 0.0 6.9 7.0 5.8 5.4 0.0 6.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2770547 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4771827 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1091105 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.4 4.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3104537 0.0 11.3 0.0 0.0 6.3 6.3 4.9 3.8 5.1 6.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4857586 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 3.7 0.0 0.0 4.1 6947541 0.0 3.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.7 3.8 0.0 0.0 4.2 0.0 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5927569 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2522110 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.5 3.8 4.0 3.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5177716 0.0 0.0 23.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 3.5 3.8 3.6 0.0 0.0 4.5 5792696 0.0 0.0 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.7 0.0 0.0 3.6 4.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.4 0.0 4788199 0.0 3.6 0.0 3.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4505601 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.9 0.0 5171480 0.0 0.0 5.2 0.0 0.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 3.8 4.1 3.6 3.7 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 5529218 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 4.0 0.0 3.5 4.0 0.0 0.0 3.7 3.7 3.6 0.0 3.5 0.0 3.8 3.7 4720446 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.9 0.0 3.9 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 2013987 4.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.9 5.6 4.6 0.0 0.0 6.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.0 1221124 3.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.7 4.2 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4294260 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.7 0.0 4.1 0.0 3.6 0.0 3.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 5071116 4.0 4.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.7 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 5262545 3.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5942344 0.0 0.0 4.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.3 0.0 3.8 5568269 0.0 0.0 0.0 27.7 0.0 0.0 3.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.7 3.9 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 3.6 1694470 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1171965 5.8 6.0 0.0 0.0 20.0 4.0 7.0 7.8 4.4 9.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4636777 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.9 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6750972 0.0 3.9 0.0 3.5 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.8 0.0 4.1 0.0 2003840 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 6541059 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.1 0.0 0.0 3.9 0.0 0.0 3.8 0.0 4.3 1192222 7.5 6.9 0.0 0.0 8.7 20.1 6.9 8.2 6.4 11.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4918634 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 3.8 4456943 0.0 0.0 3.6 3.7 0.0 3.9 0.0 0.0 3.6 3.8 0.0 0.0 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.5 3.8 4595346 0.0 0.0 3.8 3.7 0.0 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2528976 0.0 3.8 0.0 0.0 3.9 4.9 5.4 3.8 0.0 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 5584492 0.0 3.8 3.7 4.1 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.1 0.0 4.4 0.0 3.9 0.0 0.0 2635603 0.0 5.1 0.0 0.0 6.2 3.5 17.6 5.1 0.0 5.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.8 0.0 4.1 1063212 5.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.8 6.8 4.0 12.6 0.0 4.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1063133 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1332849 0.0 6.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13.5 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6334140 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.5 5140580 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 4.8 3.9 4.2 0.0 3.8 4.2 0.0 3.7 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.0 3.9 2471404 7.3 5.6 0.0 0.0 3.7 8.0 5.8 11.7 0.0 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6692586 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.4 0.0 3.6 3.9 1638091 3.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.4 4.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5695515 0.0 3.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4911357 0.0 0.0 3.5 0.0 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.9 7.8 4.2 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 3.7 5146700 4.5 3.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.5 4.2 3.7 4.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.9 4.2 3.7 2511397 4.3 4.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.8 0.0 0.0 4.0 4.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5688736 0.0 4.0 4.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.5 4.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.7 4.1 5.4 5132262 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.9 19.7 4.4 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 4.0 5076419 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.7 0.0 0.0 3.5 3088280 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4999179 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3015881 6.2 6.6 0.0 0.0 7.3 9.0 5.2 6.8 4.3 9.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5125170 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.0 0.0 0.0 3.9 0.0 0.0 3.8 4.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.5 0.0 3.5 0.0 4985994 0.0 0.0 4.1 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.6 3.6 21.7 0.0 3.6 3.7 3.9 6462179 0.0 0.0 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.6 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 5651604 0.0 0.0 3.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1776511 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1729055 0.0 5.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.3 3.9 4.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1734867 3.7 3.6 0.0 0.0 5.8 5.9 0.0 4.5 0.0 7.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1728951 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6547155 3.8 3.6 3.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.0 0.0 4.3 0.0 6547097 3.7 3.5 0.0 4.0 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.7 3.7 3.5 5650925 0.0 0.0 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.9 0.0 3.9 3.5 0.0 3.6 3.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 6561010 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.5 4.2 0.0 0.0 5.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 6547119 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.0 0.0 0.0 4.4 0.0 0.0 3.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6545550 0.0 0.0 3.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.5 3.6 4332644 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2776834 7.4 6.9 0.0 0.0 8.8 10.9 0.0 0.0 6.9 10.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2663193 0.0 7.5 0.0 0.0 3.8 0.0 4.8 4.9 0.0 4.0 0.0 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2767861 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5638781 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.7 0.0 3.5 3.6 3.9 0.0 3.5 3.7 0.0 3.7 6765467 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6380638 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5578912 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Travel time residual for PKiKP, ±10 s Master orid Eventorid We found 68 new PKiKP arrivals from 77 events with P-arrivals and estimated their parameters P PKiKP
Spot check: new REB events October 5, 2011 57.9526ºN 32.5197ºW, origin time 23:02:10. REB - 36 aftershocks The main shock Date Time mb(IDC) ndef Dist, km 05/10/2011 23:06:39 3.32 4 49.52 05/10/2011 23:51:58 3.31 5 28.16 05/10/2011 23:54:20 3.80 6 38.17 05/10/2011 23:55:51 3.65 8 13.8 06/10/2011 00:01:38 4.02 10 5.36 06/10/2011 00:02:31 3.59 10 4.79 06/10/2011 00:05:23 3.56 7 35.97 06/10/2011 00:10:45 3.46 3 76.62 06/10/2011 00:39:18 3.42 4 36.28 06/10/2011 00:45:54 3.52 8 9.17 06/10/2011 01:07:19 3.46 8 39.36 06/10/2011 02:31:30 3.37 5 31.8 06/10/2011 02:34:16 3.35 6 61.11 06/10/2011 07:36:33 3.32 5 26.43 06/10/2011 07:47:04 3.59 6 56.75 06/10/2011 07:48:25 3.54 9 24.72 06/10/2011 10:37:51 3.61 5 27.02 06/10/2011 13:17:19 3.54 4 11.75 06/10/2011 14:12:58 3.38 6 8.48 06/10/2011 14:17:29 3.51 8 15.83 06/10/2011 19:43:05 3.40 5 30.34 06/10/2011 19:47:26 3.61 5 15.18 06/10/2011 19:57:48 3.56 6 19.81 06/10/2011 21:12:34 3.51 8 32.3 06/10/2011 21:15:49 3.46 5 18.9 06/10/2011 23:49:25 3.62 9 25.47 New REB-compatible events 26 new events were added to 38 REB events including the main shock. The Reviewed Event Bulletin has been extended by 67%:
Spot check: monitoring DPRK explosions as master events: relative location Event date Origin time REB location IDC mb RM DPRK1 09.10.2006 01:35:27.57 41.3120N, 129.0190E 4.08 3.93 DPRK2 25.05.2009 00:54:42.80 41.3110N, 129.0460E 4.51 4.54 DPRK3 12.02.2013 02:57:50.80 41.3010N, 129.0650E 4.91 4.96 DPRK4 06.01.2016 01:30:00.49 41.3040N, 129.0480E 4.82 4.85 DPRK5 09.09.2016 00:30:00.87 41.2990N, 129.0490E 5.09 (ref) Aftershock: detection and phase association Sta Dist, km EvStaAz, deg Pha se Arrival time tres, s CC dRM SNRCC USRK 410 35.8 Pn 01:51:46.46 0. 1 0.30 -2.61 3.9 KSRS 440 193.6 Pn 01:51:52.16 -0.1 0.21 -2.78 4.3 Low-magnitude events must be very close to master events USRK KSRS
Discussion 1.Prototype spot check tool based on cross correlation 2.Set of best real master templates: global cover 3.PCA templates: seismic areas 4.Synthetic templates: global cover 5.Synthetic PCA: global cover 6.Tested on REB arrivals 7.Tested on REB events 8.Tested on specific sites – mines, DPRK test site 9.Tested on time intervals from second to months
Future plans 1.Optimization of the PCA based waveform templates 2.Development of analyst friendly tool 3.Comprehensive test of the REB quality and completeness 4.Machine learning

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Assessing the consistency, quality, and completeness of the Reviewed Event Bulletin with waveform cross correlation

  • 1. Assessing the consistency, quality, and completeness of the Reviewed Event Bulleting with waveform cross correlation Ivan Kitov, Dmitry Bobrov, and Mikhail Rozhkov PTS
  • 2. Outline • Motivation • Spot check at the IDC • Reviewed Event Bulletin • Waveform cross correlation • Correlation of historical events: best master events • Testing REB events • Testing REB detections • Testing non-detections • During interactive analysis
  • 3. Spot check at the IDC Extended interactive analysis of specific data sets by experienced analysts with routine and expert software without tight time constraints Goals: quality, consistency, completeness Extensive human recourses are needed
  • 4. Motivation 1. To quantify the level of similarity between signals from close events and its dependence on magnitude and distance 2. To assess the consistency, quality, and completeness of the Reviewed Event Bulletin 3. To develop a tool for automatic and interactive check of signals and events using a set of best Master Events 4. To evaluate noise reduction by the Principal Component Analysis
  • 5. Spot check using waveform cross correlation Waveform arid evid time site station IDC database waveforms, station parameters, bulletins, … Real templates master events PCA templates Synthetic templates waveform cross correlation: association, location, characterization arrival bulletin event comparison monitoring
  • 6. All REB events (~270,000 since May 2010)
  • 7. REB events with ndef>6 (~150,000)
  • 8. REB events with good quality (~85,000)
  • 9. Global grid, ~140 km between nodes
  • 10. Master events by cross correlation: 0-40 km (1447 events)
  • 11. All master events: 0-40 km (~4575)
  • 12. Master events: by cross correlation 40-80 km (292 events)
  • 13. Master events: 0-700 km (~7500 events)
  • 14. Global grid Grid nodes with real master events selected by cross correlation
  • 15. Multidimensional PCA (Poster T3.5-P20) Generalized approach to multidimensional master event construction
  • 16. Multidimensional PCA High-order dimensionality reduction methods 1. Multidimensional discrete cosine transform (DCT) 2. Tensor interpolation 3. Tensor SVD 4. 2D Fourier transform 5. Hyper-complex decomposition of data from 3-C stations Objects • 3-C station • Vertical array stations • 3-C array station • Inhomogeneous network (global and station templates)
  • 17. Tensor PCA W U V≈ S 𝒜 Station (log- lin scale) Signal (log- lin scale) Event (log- lin scale) Event eigenvalues in lin-lin scale. Red line indicates reduction level Eigenvectors Input array signal NOA
  • 18. Events for Principal Component Analysis Aitik and Kiruna mines ~150 events All quality signals from events within 3 degrees from grid nodes at all IMS stations
  • 19. Spot check: new detections Search for PKiKP at CMAR Distribution of events CMAR -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 φ λ CMAR P PKiKP 1. Select PKiKP templates/master events 2. Search for correlation with events having PKiKP arrivals at the IDC (34 in total) 3. Search for correlation with events having no PKiKP arrivals at the IDC (77 in total) 4. Determine arrival times and other parameters for the newly find arrivals orid = 2471404, 36.34N, 70.77E, d=252 km orid = 2795580, 6.51S, 130.3E, d=130 km 279558031045375177716556826911719651192222263560310632121332849247140449113575132262498599456516046547155654555027768345578912 2770403 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2795580 18.7 6.2 0.0 0.0 6.9 7.0 5.8 5.4 0.0 6.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2770547 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4771827 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1091105 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.4 4.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3104537 0.0 11.3 0.0 0.0 6.3 6.3 4.9 3.8 5.1 6.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4857586 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 3.7 0.0 0.0 4.1 6947541 0.0 3.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.7 3.8 0.0 0.0 4.2 0.0 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5927569 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2522110 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.5 3.8 4.0 3.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5177716 0.0 0.0 23.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 3.5 3.8 3.6 0.0 0.0 4.5 5792696 0.0 0.0 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.7 0.0 0.0 3.6 4.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.4 0.0 4788199 0.0 3.6 0.0 3.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4505601 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.9 0.0 5171480 0.0 0.0 5.2 0.0 0.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 3.8 4.1 3.6 3.7 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 5529218 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 4.0 0.0 3.5 4.0 0.0 0.0 3.7 3.7 3.6 0.0 3.5 0.0 3.8 3.7 4720446 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.9 0.0 3.9 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 2013987 4.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.9 5.6 4.6 0.0 0.0 6.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.0 1221124 3.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.7 4.2 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4294260 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.7 0.0 4.1 0.0 3.6 0.0 3.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 5071116 4.0 4.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.7 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 5262545 3.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5942344 0.0 0.0 4.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.3 0.0 3.8 5568269 0.0 0.0 0.0 27.7 0.0 0.0 3.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.7 3.9 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 3.6 1694470 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1171965 5.8 6.0 0.0 0.0 20.0 4.0 7.0 7.8 4.4 9.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4636777 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.9 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6750972 0.0 3.9 0.0 3.5 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.8 0.0 4.1 0.0 2003840 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 6541059 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.1 0.0 0.0 3.9 0.0 0.0 3.8 0.0 4.3 1192222 7.5 6.9 0.0 0.0 8.7 20.1 6.9 8.2 6.4 11.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4918634 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 3.8 4456943 0.0 0.0 3.6 3.7 0.0 3.9 0.0 0.0 3.6 3.8 0.0 0.0 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.5 3.8 4595346 0.0 0.0 3.8 3.7 0.0 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2528976 0.0 3.8 0.0 0.0 3.9 4.9 5.4 3.8 0.0 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 5584492 0.0 3.8 3.7 4.1 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.1 0.0 4.4 0.0 3.9 0.0 0.0 2635603 0.0 5.1 0.0 0.0 6.2 3.5 17.6 5.1 0.0 5.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.8 0.0 4.1 1063212 5.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.8 6.8 4.0 12.6 0.0 4.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1063133 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1332849 0.0 6.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13.5 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6334140 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.5 5140580 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 4.8 3.9 4.2 0.0 3.8 4.2 0.0 3.7 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.0 3.9 2471404 7.3 5.6 0.0 0.0 3.7 8.0 5.8 11.7 0.0 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6692586 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.4 0.0 3.6 3.9 1638091 3.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.4 4.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5695515 0.0 3.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4911357 0.0 0.0 3.5 0.0 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.9 7.8 4.2 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 3.7 5146700 4.5 3.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.5 4.2 3.7 4.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.9 4.2 3.7 2511397 4.3 4.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.8 0.0 0.0 4.0 4.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5688736 0.0 4.0 4.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.5 4.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.7 4.1 5.4 5132262 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.9 19.7 4.4 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 4.0 5076419 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.7 0.0 0.0 3.5 3088280 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4999179 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3015881 6.2 6.6 0.0 0.0 7.3 9.0 5.2 6.8 4.3 9.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5125170 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.0 0.0 0.0 3.9 0.0 0.0 3.8 4.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.5 0.0 3.5 0.0 4985994 0.0 0.0 4.1 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.6 3.6 21.7 0.0 3.6 3.7 3.9 6462179 0.0 0.0 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.6 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 5651604 0.0 0.0 3.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1776511 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1729055 0.0 5.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.3 3.9 4.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1734867 3.7 3.6 0.0 0.0 5.8 5.9 0.0 4.5 0.0 7.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1728951 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6547155 3.8 3.6 3.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.0 0.0 4.3 0.0 6547097 3.7 3.5 0.0 4.0 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.7 3.7 3.5 5650925 0.0 0.0 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.9 0.0 3.9 3.5 0.0 3.6 3.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 6561010 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.5 4.2 0.0 0.0 5.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 6547119 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.0 0.0 0.0 4.4 0.0 0.0 3.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6545550 0.0 0.0 3.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.5 3.6 4332644 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2776834 7.4 6.9 0.0 0.0 8.8 10.9 0.0 0.0 6.9 10.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2663193 0.0 7.5 0.0 0.0 3.8 0.0 4.8 4.9 0.0 4.0 0.0 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2767861 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5638781 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.7 0.0 3.5 3.6 3.9 0.0 3.5 3.7 0.0 3.7 6765467 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6380638 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5578912 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Travel time residual for PKiKP, ±10 s Master orid Eventorid We found 68 new PKiKP arrivals from 77 events with P-arrivals and estimated their parameters P PKiKP
  • 20. Spot check: new REB events October 5, 2011 57.9526ºN 32.5197ºW, origin time 23:02:10. REB - 36 aftershocks The main shock Date Time mb(IDC) ndef Dist, km 05/10/2011 23:06:39 3.32 4 49.52 05/10/2011 23:51:58 3.31 5 28.16 05/10/2011 23:54:20 3.80 6 38.17 05/10/2011 23:55:51 3.65 8 13.8 06/10/2011 00:01:38 4.02 10 5.36 06/10/2011 00:02:31 3.59 10 4.79 06/10/2011 00:05:23 3.56 7 35.97 06/10/2011 00:10:45 3.46 3 76.62 06/10/2011 00:39:18 3.42 4 36.28 06/10/2011 00:45:54 3.52 8 9.17 06/10/2011 01:07:19 3.46 8 39.36 06/10/2011 02:31:30 3.37 5 31.8 06/10/2011 02:34:16 3.35 6 61.11 06/10/2011 07:36:33 3.32 5 26.43 06/10/2011 07:47:04 3.59 6 56.75 06/10/2011 07:48:25 3.54 9 24.72 06/10/2011 10:37:51 3.61 5 27.02 06/10/2011 13:17:19 3.54 4 11.75 06/10/2011 14:12:58 3.38 6 8.48 06/10/2011 14:17:29 3.51 8 15.83 06/10/2011 19:43:05 3.40 5 30.34 06/10/2011 19:47:26 3.61 5 15.18 06/10/2011 19:57:48 3.56 6 19.81 06/10/2011 21:12:34 3.51 8 32.3 06/10/2011 21:15:49 3.46 5 18.9 06/10/2011 23:49:25 3.62 9 25.47 New REB-compatible events 26 new events were added to 38 REB events including the main shock. The Reviewed Event Bulletin has been extended by 67%:
  • 21. Spot check: monitoring DPRK explosions as master events: relative location Event date Origin time REB location IDC mb RM DPRK1 09.10.2006 01:35:27.57 41.3120N, 129.0190E 4.08 3.93 DPRK2 25.05.2009 00:54:42.80 41.3110N, 129.0460E 4.51 4.54 DPRK3 12.02.2013 02:57:50.80 41.3010N, 129.0650E 4.91 4.96 DPRK4 06.01.2016 01:30:00.49 41.3040N, 129.0480E 4.82 4.85 DPRK5 09.09.2016 00:30:00.87 41.2990N, 129.0490E 5.09 (ref) Aftershock: detection and phase association Sta Dist, km EvStaAz, deg Pha se Arrival time tres, s CC dRM SNRCC USRK 410 35.8 Pn 01:51:46.46 0. 1 0.30 -2.61 3.9 KSRS 440 193.6 Pn 01:51:52.16 -0.1 0.21 -2.78 4.3 Low-magnitude events must be very close to master events USRK KSRS
  • 22. Discussion 1.Prototype spot check tool based on cross correlation 2.Set of best real master templates: global cover 3.PCA templates: seismic areas 4.Synthetic templates: global cover 5.Synthetic PCA: global cover 6.Tested on REB arrivals 7.Tested on REB events 8.Tested on specific sites – mines, DPRK test site 9.Tested on time intervals from second to months
  • 23. Future plans 1.Optimization of the PCA based waveform templates 2.Development of analyst friendly tool 3.Comprehensive test of the REB quality and completeness 4.Machine learning