Howard Gardner proposed eight types of intelligence: linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic. The document discusses that a person's abilities in one area do not predict strengths in other areas. It also mentions that some elementary schools are using Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences successfully by tailoring education to individual students' strengths. Gardner identified three approaches to learning: observational, confrontational, and systematic.