Assignment1
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The document discusses the importance of science laboratories in education. It states that laboratories allow students to observe facts, carry out experiments, and develop knowledge that cannot be obtained without practical work. Laboratories need to be properly designed, equipped, organized and maintained to facilitate learning. They should provide necessary equipment, space and safety requirements. Effective laboratory work helps students to understand concepts concretely and develop skills like observation, critical thinking and scientific inquiry.
Assignment1
- 1. ASSIGNMENT
- 2. TOPIC : SCIENCE LABORATORY Submitted by Deepthi.U.K
- 3. INTRODUCTION The study of biological science is not possible without a laboratory. Science teacher provides then an opportunity to observe facts and carry out experiments, dissection, So that his students may obtain proper and complete knowledge of the subject. The students work in the laboratory by themselves, observes and on the bais of them they try to deduce conclusions “Laboratory word is used for large groom where practical classes are conducted and a group of students carry out practicals” ‘Science laboratory’ is needed to keep instruments, apparatus, chemicals, specimens and other materials safe and secure and ready for use. The environment and the setting of the laboratory should be congenial to encourage.
- 4. SCIENCE LABORATORY The laboratory is central to science instruction. It is in the laboratory that the students learn to handle apparatus, think independently and to draw conclusions on the basis of experiments and observation. LABORATORY WORK Laboratory work is an essential component of Science education. Scientific theories and practical work in science are two sides of coin. These two aspects of science education should supplement and complement each other without experiments, the students cannot experience the reality of science practical work provides an activity which can be profitable and emotionally satisfying. The development of powers of observation, measurement, drawing inferences are all dependent on laboratory work. Laboratory work helps to realize the process oriented objectives of science teaching. The following are the educationally significant objectives of laboratory work. Making abstract scientific understanding concrete. Development of scientific concepts and principle
- 5. Development of scientific skills, attitudes, interests and appreciation Training in scientific method Awakening the maintenance of curiosity in the environment The help students in developing the feeling of corporation, resource fullness initiative, self dependence, self confidence sociability, self reliance and self discipline. To provide real and stable knowledge of science. To provide opportunities to think, observe, apply reason, and to arrive at a decision conclusion independently. To arrange an atmosphere which is very conducive for learning science. To enable them to interpret and verify the various science principle and substances.
- 6. PLANNING A SCIENCE LABORATORY The Govt. of India, Committee on plan projects in its reports on science education in secondary schools, emphasizes that the following factors be taken into consideration at the planning stage for the laboratory. The number of students working at a time in the laboratory The minimum space necessary for every students for comfortable working Limitation of number of science teacher in secondary schools Need for axillary accommodation for storage Designing the science- classroom and laboratory, in such a way what it could be used for science teaching Imperative need for economy.
- 7. ORGANISATIONOF BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY For organized teaching of biological sciences, the laboratory should have a preparation room, store room, science room dark room. In the preparation room of laboratory such apparatus are collected which are to be used in the laboratory or science room in this room apparatus for daily experiments are kept. The laboratory assistant or the teacher can prepare the experiment in the ‘preparation room’. In this various tools or apparatus like glass tubes, jars, test tubes are kept. In the store room biological science related to apparatus and articles are stored. This room should be kept locked, there should be one door opening in the science room. The articles should be labeled and properly arranged in glass almirahs. There should be proper light and ventilation. In the science room the teacher demonstrates the practical or experiment. The seating arrangement in this room should be such, so that all the students can watch the experiment or practical clearly. The seats should be as in theatre in ascending order lower in front to higher at the back. The teacher’s table should be big enough place all the apparatus in front of the students. There should be a black board at the back or towards the left, which the teacher can use whenever required.
- 8. FEATURES OF A GOOD SCIENCE LABORATORY A good science laboratory should satisfy most of the following characteristics. It must be spacious- Linear bench space, circulation space, storage space, wall space, demonstration space etc. It must be quite conducive for hard work. Its plan must provide elements of flexibility for effective teacher demonstration are well or for individual and small group work. It must provide certain facilities for objectification It must permit enough teacher supervision of pupil’s work. It must have water, gas and electric paints wherever they are needed. It must have ample storage facilities for equipments It must have an emergency exit it is not situated on the ground floor
- 9. SCIENCE LABORATORY RULES AND DISCIPLINE Laboratory safety is a positive undertaking which the science teacher is expected to take up at the time of engaging in any activity in the laboratory in the presence of his students. This would ensure acquisition of safety conscious attitudes among pupils, creation of which is very important duty of the science teacher. The sign of good discipline is creating an atmosphere of healthy work. The following are some suggestion or rules for the maintenance of discipline in the laboratory. No pupil should be allowed to enter the laboratory in the absence of the teacher. Every student should have a place assigned to him for his experiment. Pupils should perform only those experiments assigned by the teacher. No equipment/ chemical should be used until proper instructions are received from the teacher. Specimens, solid waste, broken glass, burnt up, match, sticks and other laboratory wastes should be deposited in waste boxes.
- 10. Reagent bottle should be returned to the shelf immediately after use and these should not be misplaced. Any breakage of apparatus or accident or injury must be reported to the teacher. All unnecessary talks should be avoid and playing with the apparatus should be prohibited The apparatus should be disconnected, washed if necessary and replaced in their proper places. Consider the safety of fellow students. A scientific atmosphere should be kept up in the laboratory. ADMINISTRATION OF LABORATORY WORK In order to make the practical work most effective, the science teacher should always keep in mind the different aspects of laboratory work. Organizing and conducting practical work. Students should be made to form appropriate group. Preparation is required for individual and group working.
- 11. Laboratory rules and discipline should be laid down Instruction to pupils are to be specific and clear. In order to give proper guidance to pupils for doing practicals the following should be made use of (a) laboratory manuals (b) Instruction cards (c) laboratory directions Pupils records and observation book are to be properly maintained. The science teachers have a legal and moral responsibility to see that the pupils are safe from the dangers of the laboratory. pupils must be made to understand the laboratory rules and follow them. The experiments should not be started without the permission of the teacher, science accidents may very often occur while setting up of the apparatus.
- 12. DESIGN HIGH SCHOOL BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY The biology laboratory should be equipped with (1) Tables along the walls having glass paned windows and drawers and water fittings (2) A demonstration tables (3) Sinks (4) Wall blackboard (5) Almirahs (6) Space for aquarium- vivarium (7) Shelves for keeping chemicals (8) Stools (9) Ventilation (10) Adequate natural light (11) Display board (12) Preparation and store room
- 13. CONCLUSION The Laboratory is central to Science instruction. It is in the laboratory that the students learn to handle apparatus, think independently and to draw conclusions on the basis of experiments and observations laboratory work is an essential component of Science education. The main objective are the making abstract Scientific understanding concrete, Development of Scientific concepts and principles. Training in Scientific method. Development of scientific skills, attitudes, interests and appreciation.
- 14. REFERENCES Science education : Dr. K. Sivarajan Prof: A. Faziluddin Teaching of Science : S. P. Kulshreshtha www .Teaching Science. wikipedia.com www.Science laboratory.com www. biological laboratory.com Teaching Science - Anju Soni Teaching of Science - M. S. Yadav