ASSIGNMNET-2 (10)Project submission with presentation-This.docx

ASSIGNMNET-2 (10)
Project submission with presentation-
This activity is based on group work (3 students per group).
Students is responsible to write a report about a given company,
business idea or any other course related topics.
STEP 1- GROUPS CREATION:
Students may choose their mates and give a list of the members
per group to the faculty member who will create a group wiki
using that list. Those who did not choose their group members
will be assigned automatically.
Step 2-- project theme
Each group will propose a project theme:
· case study about logistics and supply chain management in a
company in Saudi Arabia ( to be precised)
· a new concept or innovation in the field of logistics
management.
· The creation of a new project and the presentation of the
logistics strategies, plans and practices.
Step 3- information gathering:
All the collected information has to be submitted in the wiki of
the group.
The group work has to be continuous by updating the
information in wikis that are specially created for the
assignment (at least 5 updates per student).
Step 4: report submission week 12.
At the end of the semester, each student will submit the final
report to concerned faculty members and present it to class with
the help of a PowerPoint presentation with group members.

***************************************
Sheet1AveragesAverages with bad data thrown outStandard
Deviation of AveragesStandard Deviation of Corrected
DataTrial 1 (oC)Ecell (mV)Trial 2 (oC)Ecell (mV)Trial 3
(oC)Ecell (mV)Temperature (oC)Voltage (mV)Average
TemperatureTemperatureVoltage
(mV)TemperatureVoltage5.011613.113535.013064.412734.4127
31.0969655115100.08163334661.0969655115100.08163334661
0.011919.2137310.014239.713299.713290.4618802154122.0983
2103680.4618802154122.098321036820.0136621.8137920.9129
020.9134520.913450.948.07286136690.948.072861366930.9119
030.0131932.1138031.0129631.113501.053565375397.0068726
0881.484924240543.133513652440.0111840.4141140.1143940.
2132340.314250.2081665999177.79857517240.212132034419.7
98989873249.0141450.6142450.1145949.9143249.914320.8185
35277223.62907813130.818535277223.629078131360.0136760.
0134960.7145060.2138960.213890.404145188453.87330817140
.404145188453.8733081714Average1341
Average Temperature (oC) vs Average Voltage (mV)
100.08163334665025122.0983210367775648.072861366887658
97.006872608765875177.7985751723941223.629078131263043
53.873308171425052100.08163334665025122.09832103677756
48.07286136688765897.006872608765875177.79857517239412
23.62907813126304353.8733081714250521.0969655114602905
0.461880215351701040.900000000000000361.05356537528527
470.208166599946612240.818535277187245720.404145188432
739671.09696551146029050.461880215351701040.9000000000
00000361.05356537528527470.208166599946612240.81853527
7187245720.404145188432739674.36666666666666639.733333
333333332520.93140.16666666666666449.960.2333333333333
271273.3333333333333132913451296.33333333333331322.666

66666666671432.33333333333331388.6666666666667
Average Temperature (oC)
Average Voltage (mV)
Temperature (oC) vs Voltage (mV)
005102030.94049603.19.199999999999999321.83040.450.6605
1020.932.140.150.160.7116111911366119011181414136713531
373137913191411142413491306142312901380143914591450
Temperature (oC)
Voltage (mV)
Averages with Select Data Removed.
1.09696551146029050.461880215351701040.900000000000000
361.48492424049175090.212132034355962230.8185352771872
45720.404145188432739671.09696551146029050.46188021535
1701040.900000000000000361.48492424049175090.212132034
355962230.818535277187245720.40414518843273967100.0816
3334665025122.0983210367775648.07286136688765843.13351
365237939919.79898987322333123.62907813126304353.87330
8171425052100.08163334665025122.0983210367775648.07286
136688765843.13351365237939919.79898987322333123.62907
813126304353.8733081714250524.36666666666666639.733333
333333332520.90000000000000231.0540.2549.960.2333333333
333271273.3333333333333132913451349.514251432.33333333

333331388.6666666666667
Average Temperature (oC)
Average Voltage (mV)
Examining the Voltage of a Hydrogen Fuel Cell with Fuels of
Varying TemperaturesCHEM 1B
Jordan Wolz
December 6, 2017
Dates Performed:November 13-27, 2017
Partners:Edwin Chavez, Nhi Nguyen, Jessie Wang, Fletcher
Freisen
Instructor:Veronica Jaramillo

1 Introduction
Since the Industrial Revolution, the world has consistently had
shortages of energy. The world has been largely dependent on
fossil fuels as energy sources. While the Fossil Fuels have been
dependable, the fuel is a finite energy source, and eventually
the world will not have enough fossil fuels to support our
systems. In addition, the negative environmental impact of
mankind’s fossil fuel dependency is well-documented. The
search for an alternative energy source is alive and well.
Hydrogen Fuel Cells have emerged as a potential solution to the
never-ending energy crisis. Hydrogen Fuel Cells generate
electricity from the oxidation of a Hydrogen Proton with an
oxidizing agent (generally Oxygen from the air). This reaction
creates H2O. There are many benefits to using Hydrogen Fuel
Cells: they are found to have higher efficiency rates than
standard diesel or gas engines, the byproduct (H2O) of the cell
is environment friendly, and the fuel is readily available
wherever there is water. Unfortunately, platinum is often at the
anode to catalyze the reaction that separates the Hydrogen
proton from the fuel is expensive and has made it such that no
Hydrogen Fuel Cell Developer is yet to turn a profit.
This experiment examines the Voltage produced by a Hydrogen
PEM Cells (a PEM cell is a fuel cell that specifically only
allows the Hydrogen Proton to pass through the membrane that
acts as the ‘salt bridge’ of a galvanic cell. PEM stands for
Proton Exchange Membrane) that has Fuel inserted at different
temperatures with the goal of better understanding the
relationship between the temperature of two reactants of a
galvanic cell and the temperature’s affect on the resulting
voltage.2 Procedures
This experiment utilized a PEM Reversible Fuel Cell (Product
Ref No: 632000, FUELCELLSTORE.com). This Cell not only
allowed the formation of H2O gas from O2 and H2 gasses, but
this cell also reversed the process, producing O2 and H2 gas to
be used. The Cell was set up in order to produce the H2 gas and
O2 gas. This gas was captured and then heated to various target

temperatures. Once these temperatures were reached, the Fuel
Cell was set to operate to allow the reaction of interest and
attached to a voltmeter to measure the Voltage produced by the
oxidation of the Hydrogen. The Voltage would have many
jumps in number when the voltmeter was initially attached; the
voltage recorded is the voltage that the reaction eventually
steadied on. 3 Results
Table 1. Collected Data and Selected Calculated Variables
Temperature
(oC)
Borax
Solution
Volume (mL)
Volume HCl
added (mL)
Tetrobate
(M)
Equilibrium
Constant
lnK
Inverse
Temperature (1/K)
ΔSo
(j/K*mol)
50.0

8.8
39.2
0.45
0.36
-1.01
0.003096
299.51
40.0
8.0
37.5
0.47
0.42
-0.86
0.003195
310.61
30.2
8.8
22.0
0.25
0.064
-2.74
0.003298
305.21
20.0
8.8

14.9
0.17
0.020
-3.91
0.003413
306.90
10.0
8.8
7.5
0.09
0.0026
-5.97
0.003534
301.78
HCl Molarity (M)
0.202
(-1)ΔHo/R (j/K*mol)
-11962
ΔHo (j/mol)
99452.07
Average ΔSo
304.8

Standard Dev
4.35
Chart 1. Linearized Graph of Data
Table 2. Percent Error
4 Calculations
Please refer to submitted Calculations.
5 Discussion
This lab has inaccuracies. Using the data from the KHP
titration, KHP was determined to have a Ka value of 6.9 x 10-6.
The accepted value of KHP is 3.9 x 10-6. This was was accurate
enough to calculate the Ka to the correct order, but that is where
the compliments end. The Percent error of the observed Ka is
over 75%, which is bad. For there to be 0 % error, the pH at the
half-equivalence point would be 5.41. The Half-Equivalence
Volume is ~9.03 mL. From the data, pH of ~5.41 occurs when
about 13mL of NaoH is added.
Despite this, the KHP titration curve seems wonders better than
the diprotic titration curve. While the KHP curve leads to

interesting Ka values for KHP, the curve at least seems
consistent with itself, behaving like a titration curve should
with steady increases following a nice clean pattern.
Meanwhile, the Diprotic Curve jumps up and down so much, it’s
difficult to tell if the first Equivalence Point is an Equivalence
Point, or just some weird thing the graph is doing. Rather than
steadily increasing, the pH of the diprotic acid would
occasionally go down after the base of NaOH was added. This
does not seem consistent with the theory that has been taught in
class, as NaOH would completely dissolve, with OH- only
raising pH and Na+ acting as a spectator ion with no affect on
pH.
A plausible explanation for the behavior of this diprotic acid is
that the solution was contaminated with some other chemical
that would cause the acid in the solution to re-bond with the lost
proton. The electrode was also prone to turning off mid-
measurement, perhaps causing problems with calibration or
consistency with the data.
Aside from these possible error-causers, the experiments were
completely caught off guard by the Equivalence Volumes of the
diprotic acid when titrating, meaning that as the Equivalence
Volumes approached, the experimenters were still adding large
amounts of NaOH leading to inaccurate interpolations of where
the Equivalence Volume actually happens, and what the pH is at
those points.

Despite these errors, it can be said with some degree of
confidence that the Unknown Acid is o-phthallic acid. Despite
not being totally sure of the exact location or exact pH of the
equivalence points and half equivalence point, it does not seem
that the data gathered is completely wrong. The data more or
less follows what an idea titration curve should look like, and
one can tell where the buffer region is centered / about where an
equivalence point is, so the pKa’s gathered do have some degree
of confidence. When viewing the data, there is an obvious
Equivalence Point that sticks out; the second point equivalence
point. Using this equivalence point to solve for the molecular
weight of the unknown acid gives only a 9 % error when
comparing with o-phthallic acid, which is the second best error.
On top of that, the known pKas do fall pretty close to where one
would expect half-equivalence points to be. Take a gander at the
% error table above, and it’s obvious which acid has the lowest
% error. For these reasons, it is believed the unknown acid is o-
phtallic acid.
In the future, it would behoove the experimenters to make sure
to totally clean the equipment prior to use (and grab equipment
the experimenter is confident in working), and to lower the
titrant amount even before expecting an equivalence point (so as
to not miss it) and to make sure to record everything. Practicing
these types of behaviors will result in better data, no doubt.
1/T vs lnK (Dissolution of Borax into Tetrobate and Soium

ions)
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
3.0959752321981426E-33.1948881789137379E-
33.2981530343007917E-33.4129692832764505E-
33.5335689045936395E-3-1.0098348493659739-
0.85691175141315457-2.7427377296802771-
3.9117814509009836-
5.971156028128430850.040.030.220.010.0Inverse of
Temperature (1/T))
Natural Log of the Equilibrium Constant

Final Report
Grading Rubric
Category
Excellent
Satisfactory
Unsatisfactory
Project Overview/ Theory
[7/5/3 points]
Can explain terms and explain why the project has significance
Can explain some terms and can give minimal significance
Unsure of what we did and why
Writing
[5/3/2 points]
Readable. Clear and concise paragraphs and grammar
Writing is not clear or concise, but paragraph and grammar
errors are minimized
Poor grammar and poor paragraph structure make document
unreadable
Experimental Synthesis
[8/6/4 points]
Can create a procedure (can determine chemical amounts and
steps) to test a hypothesis
Can follow a process with little help, but cannot develop on my

own
Can follow a process with much assistance
Data presentation [10/7/5 points]
Data is clearly presented. Good use of tables and/or figures
Data is presented somewhat clearly. Tables and figures are used
but not clearly
Data is presented in a manner that obscures the meaning. Poor
use of tables and figures
Data interpretation [10/7/5 points]
Data is analyzed and interpreted correctly
Data analysis is mostly correct and interpretation only partly
correct
Data analysis and interpretation are incorrect
Conclusion
[10/7/5 points]
Data clearly supports the conclusion
Supporting data for conclusion is not clearly demonstrated
Data doesn’t support the conclusion
Total possible points: 50
Proton-exchange membrane fuel cell
a) The chemical nature of the targeted energy cell (how does it
work?).
1. The fuel, hydrogen gas, is channeled to the anode as oxygen

or air is channeled to the cathode of the cell.
2. At the anode, hydrogen gas is split into hydrogen ions and
negatively charged electrons.
H2→2H++2e-
3. Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM), or Proton-exchange
membrane is an electrolyte which allows only positively
charged hydrogen ions to pass through to the cathode. The
negatively charged electrons can only travel along the external
circuit to the cathode, and are used for electrical work.
4. The positively charged hydrogen ions combined with the
oxygen to form water and flow out the cell.
2H2(g)+O2(g)→2H2O(l)
b) A description of the fabrication procedure
1. Place a black plug into a 2x4cm length of rubber tube and
insert the unplugged side into the top pin of the hydrogen side
of the electrolyzer
2. Fill a syringe with distilled water and dispense it into another
2x4cm length of rubber tube inserted into the top pin on the
oxygen side of the electrolyzer
3. Place a red plug into the rubber tube from step 2 and let the
electrolyzer sit for 3 minutes
4. Fill the cylinders up to the zero line with distilled water
5. Place the inner containers into the cylinders

6. Connect rubber tubes to the top of each inner container
7. Connect the other end of one of the tubes from the step 5 to
the bottom pin on the hydrogen side of the electrolyzer
8. Connect the other end of the other tube from step 5 to the
bottom pin on the oxygen side of the electrolyzer
9. Attach the energy source to the top leads on the electrolyzer
and turn the power on for 2 minutes. This produces the
hydrogen and oxygen gases.
10. Place a clothespin on each tube connected to the inner
containers to trap the gases in the inner containers
11. Heat or cool the cylinders to the desired temperature using a
hot plate or heat bath, respectively, and record the temperature
12. Attach the tubes to the PEM fuel cell
13. Attach leads from the voltage meter to the PEM fuel cell to
measure and record the voltage
14. Repeat the entire procedure as necessary for the number of
trials needed, at least 3 for each temperature
c) A description of the tests to be performed to evaluate the
energy cell(s).
How does the temperature of the hydrogen and oxygen gases
affect the efficiency of the PEM fuel cell? Hypothesis: The
temperature of the hydrogen and oxygen gases will have a minor
but ultimately noticeable effect on the efficiency of the PEM
fuel cell, that there will be a positive correlation between the

temperature of the gases and the voltage readings from the
voltage meter while the PEM fuel cell is running. The
temperatures being tested are: 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 70, 80, 90,
and 95 degrees Celsius.
Independent variables
Dependent variables
Control variables
Temperature of the gases
Voltage
Temperature of PEM cell
Volume of hydrogen
Volume of air mixture gas
Pressure
d) A list of all materials and equipment required.
· Distilled Water
· Ice Bath
· Hot Plate
· Thermometer
· PEM fuel cell - (example
http://www.fuelcellstore.com/horizon-mini-reversible-fuel-
cell?search=Horizon%20Mini%20PEM%20Reversible%20Fuel%
20Cell)
· Electrolyzer - (example ↑)
· Battery

· Voltage meter
· Storage cylinders - (example
http://www.fuelcellstore.com/30ml-hydrogen-storage-cylinders)
· Energy source (example 2 AA batteries with 1.5V as a power
supply)
· Clothespins
e) A description of the basic safety procedures that you will
have to follow while performing all the different experiments.
· Make sure there are no open flames in the lab room and
monitor for and reduce the chance of errant sparks from
friction, etc. around and above where the hydrogen gas is
located and being produced
· Make sure our hands are dry when handling the PEM fuel cell
and voltage meter
· Make sure the Hydrogen and Oxygen are kept separate and
away from each other
· Keep Safety Goggles on at all times
f) A proposed timeline (for a three-session project).
· At least one trial at each temperature for each session, with
more trials if there is enough time
g) Bibliographic references
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton-
exchange_membrane_fuel_cell
http://www.engr.uconn.edu/~jmfent/CEE%20Fuel%20Cells-

An%20Ideal%20Cheg%20UG%20Lab%20final%20version%20j
uly%2003.pdf
https://www.jove.com/science-education/10022/proton-
exchange-membrane-fuel-cells
http://www.fuelcellstore.com/horizon-mini-pem-fuel-cell
http://www.fuelcellstore.com/horizon-mini-pem-electrolyzers-
fcsu-010
Energy Project Preliminary Results
Procedure
1. Place a black plug into a 2x4cm length of rubber tube and
insert the unplugged side into the top pin of the hydrogen side
of the electrolyzer
2. Fill a syringe with distilled water and dispense it into another
2x4cm length of rubber tube inserted into the top pin on the
oxygen side of the electrolyzer
3. Place a red plug into the rubber tube from step 2 and let the
electrolyzer sit for 3 minutes
4. Fill the cylinders up to the zero line with distilled water
5. Place the inner containers into the cylinders
6. Connect rubber tubes to the top of each inner container

7. Connect the other end of one of the tubes from the step 5 to
the bottom pin on the hydrogen side of the electrolyzer
8. Connect the other end of the other tube from step 5 to the
bottom pin on the oxygen side of the electrolyzer
9. Attach the energy source to the top leads on the electrolyzer
and turn the power on for 2 minutes. This produces the
hydrogen and oxygen gases.
10. Place a clothespin on each tube connected to the inner
containers to trap the gases in the inner containers
11. Use a hot plate to heat the cylinders or an ice bath to cool
the cylinders to the desired temperature by measuring the
temperature in of the distilled water in the cylinders with a
thermometer (and assuming that the gases are at a similar
temperature because the inner cylinder is surrounded by the
distilled water
12. Keep the temperature stable at the target temperature for at
least a minute to ensure that the temperature has evened out
within the inner and outer cylinders
13. Attach the tubes to the PEM fuel cell
14. Attach leads from the voltage meter to the PEM fuel cell to
measure and record the voltage
15. Repeat the entire procedure as necessary for the number of
trials needed, at least 3 for each temperature
Results

Our experimental materials were not available on our first lab
day, so we have not collected any data yet
Citations
Fuel Cell Store-PEM reversible fuel cell Manual-
http://www.fuelcellstore.com/manuals/horizon-mini-pem-
reversible-fuel-cell-instructions-fcsu-023.pdf
30mL Storage Cylinders
http://www.fuelcellstore.com/30ml-hydrogen-storage-cylinders

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