![System Architecture of LBS Based on Spatial Information
Integration
CHEN Xiuwan,, ZHANG Feizhou, SUN Min and LUO Yuanhua
The Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System
Peking University
Beijing, P. R. China
.xwchen@pku.edu.cn; zhangfz@pku.edu.cn; sunmin@pku.edu.cn; luoyh@public3.bta.net.cn
Abstract—The basic components of location based service (LBS)
is introduced in this paper. It is composed of client, network and
server. According to the work flow of LBS system, LBS service
hierarchical architecture is elaborated on based spatial
information Integration. Five levels architecture is described in
detail and around 10 primary functions are analyzed also.
Finally the application mode of LBS is proposed.
Index Terms—Location Based Service(LBS), positioning, spatial
information.
I. LBS AND ITS WORK FLOW
LBS is personalized service based on the position and
location. It utilizes GIS technology, GPS technology, network
communication technology to obtain spatial positioning
information and transmit to server side for processing. The
work flow of LBS is shown as in figure 1[1,2]. Where mobile
Mobile
positioning
service center User
Positioning
Get data Request data
users need information service or the management center
needs to track them, the embedded positioning device, i.e,
GPS provides current positioning information and transmits to
the center. The service requirements are analyzed by the GPS
central GIS server to get result, which is transmitted to the
mobile users.
LBS generally includes two process. One is to collect the
position, the other is to provide service according to user
requirement. To the consumers, it is probably to show the
nearest point of interest such as restaurant or the destination
city of the dealer.
II. COMPONENTS OF LBS
LBS system is mainly composed of mobile terminal,
wireless communication and application server. Figure 2
shows the basic components of LBS system[3]. There is two
working mode, active and passive in LBS system. Active LBS
system is mainly for mobile user to provide information
service. Passive LBS system is for enterprise customer to
manage fleet and decision making.
Mobile terminal is the positioning information serves and
the output terminal of system application. It can be hap phone,
laptop PC or Personal Digital Assistant, and so on.. Wireless
communication is the only way to provide transmission
channel for the mobile user and the system management center.
The application server process the service request by GIS
platform and send the information to mobile user.
Currently, public communication network, i.e,
GSM/GPRS/3G can be used to transmit high speed data
service, including media[4].
The positioning technology used in LBS includes
wireless communication cellular position and Assistant
GPS(A-GPS) cellular location technology is based on
the cellular communication system.
According to FCC legislation, American wireless
operators have to provide location service with 125m
precision and 67% probability. The positioning method
is composed of Angle of Arrival(AOA). Enhanced
observed Time Difference (E--OTD), CELL—ID:
Time Difference of Arrival(TDOA) and so on. A-GPS
is based on the communication of GPS receiver and
cellular device to provide more available positioning
information[5-7].
In application server side, the geographical data
and attributes data are managed by GIS platform. It provides
spatial query and analysis function at the point of interest and
it can also provide decision support for enterprise customer.
GIS can be thought as the center of LBS system, where the
organization mode and working efficiency directly influence
the quality of LBS.
III. LBS HIERARCHICAL ARCHITECTURE AND FUNCTIONS
A. Hierarchical
The LBS hierarchical architecture is shown a s in figure 3.
Five levels are included in the proposed architecture . The first
level is the central data network for basic data transmission.
The second level is positioning parameters meaning level. Its
function is providing precise positioning by
E—OTD/TDOA/AOA technologies with the canceling of
various interference. The third level is positioning
computation level, which is the crucial and hot part in recent
Wire or wireless Mobile terminal
communication
request
Valid
data
Valid
data
User
request
Positioning
device
Central
database
Figure 1 Work flow of LBS
0-7803-8742-2/04/$20.00 (c) 2004 IEEE 2409](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/atilocationbasedservices-140928182700-phpapp01/85/Ati-location-based_services-1-320.jpg)
![Client Network Server
Network charging system LBS charging system
Wired/wireless
network
Network positioning
years. The fourth level is positioning coordination level,
Central data network GSM/GPRS/CDMA/3G
A-GPS E-OTD AOA TDOA
Positioning
coordination level
Application level for
enterprise or personal
customer
Positioning parameters
meaning level
providing access, coordination and management for various
applications. The fifth level is application level for enterprise
or personal customer.
The 2,3 and 4th level composed of software positioning
platform. There are detailed protocols between levels to
Service LBS flat
gateway
communication. For example, MAP/SMPP protocol provides the
exchanges between central data network and positioning
platform. MLP/XML can be used as communication
mechanism for application level and positioning platform.
Each level is also the integration of different
sub-levels. And each level can be implemented by one or
several entities[8-9].
B. Function of LBS system
The LBS system has the following functions as
follows:
1) Inverse Geographical coding
Located the coordinates information with the
geographical entities.
2) Neighborhood query
Manually or automatically select target object to
query the nearest point of Interest
3)Address acquire
Query geographical information for certain
place through clicking it.
4) Click acquire
Query geographical information for certain
place through clicking it..
5) Range acquire
Query the POI in a range.
6) Route planning
Select one route with shortest distance or travel
time according to origin, and destination and pass by
place.
7) Map service
Map display, moving, zoom in 1200m out with
high quality
8) Positioning service
Provide positioning information for the mobile
customer and store the running track.
9) Voice clue
Clue to the driving direction and job assignment.
Resource
management
Personal security
module
Positioning
computation module
Tourist service
module
Friends query
module
Positioning service
choose
Alarm
disposing
Account
management
Else
Message
transmission
User signing
Positioning
computation module
Data pre-disposing Data inputting module
module
Positioning
computation level
Figure 3 LBS system service hierarchical
Map
datebase
Attribute
database
FIGURE 2 LBS SYSTEM COMPONENTS
0-7803-8742-2/04/$20.00 (c) 2004 IEEE 2410](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/atilocationbasedservices-140928182700-phpapp01/85/Ati-location-based_services-2-320.jpg)
![10)Real time information distribution
Web server Wireless
SMS / WAP
MapXtreme
Http / Html
Application
case of LBS
Map
positioning
Computation
management
Route optimize Space analyze Cartography
Dimensional data accessing engine
RDMS
Distribute traffic Jam status, incidents and guide the
people travel.
IV. APPLICATION CASE
LBS has widespread application area such as security
(E119, E112,emegeneg service), mobile yellow page (E114),
neighborhood query(shopping hall, petrol station, restaurant,
realty),traffic information, navigation, location bared
commerce. An application case of LBS on MapXtreme is
introduced in figure 4[3,9].
MapXtreme for Java supports payload balance of
multiple, and is apt to the map positioning development of
wireless Internet, Internet, Intranet. It can issue map with
various different manner. For LBS application in
telecommunication area, the core problem is parallel access for
large amount of users. MapXtreme can be easily used to fit
increasing capacity. Its Integrated Development
Environment(IDE) can be used to establish and
maintain[10,11] HTML documents and integrate advanced
application logic in Web application system.
The functional module is as follows:
1) WedGIS: operated in WebGIS server and provide system
API to easily browse map information display.
2) Geographical Information Service: Used for customer to
develop various map related function.
3) User management module. Used for management of
customers, materials, service type and other related
documents.
4) Charging Management, Flexible charging based on
information capacity or monthly standard.
V. CONCLUSION
LBS is a new service along with the development and
integration of mobile communication and internet. Under the
driving of requirements and technology, LBS will have much
more widespread application area. This paper, the architecture
and functions are proposed for LBS and the application case is
introduced for the solutions.
REFENRENCES
[1] Liu Changzheng, Li wei, Ding Chen and Guo Jingjun. An
overview of location–based services. Geomatics World
2003,Vol.1, No.3, p25-26,38
[2] Panagiotakis, S.; Koutsopoulou, M.; Alonistioti, A.; Kaloxylos,
A.; Generic framework for the provision of efficient
location-based charging over future mobile communication
networks. The 13th IEEE International Symposium on
Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, 2002,
Vol.2, p755 –759
[3] Liu Yu, Zhu Zhongying. The system structure and its key
technologies of location-based services Microcomputer
Applications. 2003,Vol.19, No5, p5-7
[4] Hartigan, P.F. Transport and processing of perishable
information: essential infrastructure for location based services
Third International Conference on 3G Mobile Communication
Technologies, 2002,p345 –349
[5] Song Xiaodong, Wu Mengquan The technique and application
of the location-based services. Northeast Surveying and
Mapping 2003,Vol.26.No1,p41-43
[6] Li Deren, Li Qingquan.. The technique integration of the spatial
information and communication. Geomatics and Information
Science of WQu han University, 2001,Vo.26,No1, p1-7
[7] Saltenis, S., Jensen, C.S. Indexing of moving objects for
location-based services Proceedings. 18th International
Conference on Data Engineering, 2002, p 463-472
[8] Sun Guolin, Ewei. Location Services Architecture and
Structure in 3G System. Guangdong Communication
Technology, 2001, Vol.21, No.11, p7-11
[9] Unni, R., Harmon, R. Location-based services: models for
strategy development in m-commerce. Technology
Management for Reshaping the World, International
Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology,
2003, p416-424
[10] Stojanovic D.H.; Djordjevic-Kajan S.J. Developing
location-based services from a GIS perspective Proceedings of
5th International Conference on Telecommunications in
Modern Satellite, Cable and Broadcasting Service, 2001. Vol.2,
p 459-462
[11] Agre, J.; Akinyemi, A.; Lusheng Ji; Masuoka, R.; Thakkar, P.;
A layered architecture for location-based services in wireless ad
hoc networks. 2002. IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings,
2002,Vol.3, p1085-1097
Figure 4 An application case of LBS on Map Xtreme
0-7803-8742-2/04/$20.00 (c) 2004 IEEE 2411](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/atilocationbasedservices-140928182700-phpapp01/85/Ati-location-based_services-3-320.jpg)
Ati location based_services
- 1. System Architecture of LBS Based on Spatial Information Integration CHEN Xiuwan,, ZHANG Feizhou, SUN Min and LUO Yuanhua The Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System Peking University Beijing, P. R. China .xwchen@pku.edu.cn; zhangfz@pku.edu.cn; sunmin@pku.edu.cn; luoyh@public3.bta.net.cn Abstract—The basic components of location based service (LBS) is introduced in this paper. It is composed of client, network and server. According to the work flow of LBS system, LBS service hierarchical architecture is elaborated on based spatial information Integration. Five levels architecture is described in detail and around 10 primary functions are analyzed also. Finally the application mode of LBS is proposed. Index Terms—Location Based Service(LBS), positioning, spatial information. I. LBS AND ITS WORK FLOW LBS is personalized service based on the position and location. It utilizes GIS technology, GPS technology, network communication technology to obtain spatial positioning information and transmit to server side for processing. The work flow of LBS is shown as in figure 1[1,2]. Where mobile Mobile positioning service center User Positioning Get data Request data users need information service or the management center needs to track them, the embedded positioning device, i.e, GPS provides current positioning information and transmits to the center. The service requirements are analyzed by the GPS central GIS server to get result, which is transmitted to the mobile users. LBS generally includes two process. One is to collect the position, the other is to provide service according to user requirement. To the consumers, it is probably to show the nearest point of interest such as restaurant or the destination city of the dealer. II. COMPONENTS OF LBS LBS system is mainly composed of mobile terminal, wireless communication and application server. Figure 2 shows the basic components of LBS system[3]. There is two working mode, active and passive in LBS system. Active LBS system is mainly for mobile user to provide information service. Passive LBS system is for enterprise customer to manage fleet and decision making. Mobile terminal is the positioning information serves and the output terminal of system application. It can be hap phone, laptop PC or Personal Digital Assistant, and so on.. Wireless communication is the only way to provide transmission channel for the mobile user and the system management center. The application server process the service request by GIS platform and send the information to mobile user. Currently, public communication network, i.e, GSM/GPRS/3G can be used to transmit high speed data service, including media[4]. The positioning technology used in LBS includes wireless communication cellular position and Assistant GPS(A-GPS) cellular location technology is based on the cellular communication system. According to FCC legislation, American wireless operators have to provide location service with 125m precision and 67% probability. The positioning method is composed of Angle of Arrival(AOA). Enhanced observed Time Difference (E--OTD), CELL—ID: Time Difference of Arrival(TDOA) and so on. A-GPS is based on the communication of GPS receiver and cellular device to provide more available positioning information[5-7]. In application server side, the geographical data and attributes data are managed by GIS platform. It provides spatial query and analysis function at the point of interest and it can also provide decision support for enterprise customer. GIS can be thought as the center of LBS system, where the organization mode and working efficiency directly influence the quality of LBS. III. LBS HIERARCHICAL ARCHITECTURE AND FUNCTIONS A. Hierarchical The LBS hierarchical architecture is shown a s in figure 3. Five levels are included in the proposed architecture . The first level is the central data network for basic data transmission. The second level is positioning parameters meaning level. Its function is providing precise positioning by E—OTD/TDOA/AOA technologies with the canceling of various interference. The third level is positioning computation level, which is the crucial and hot part in recent Wire or wireless Mobile terminal communication request Valid data Valid data User request Positioning device Central database Figure 1 Work flow of LBS 0-7803-8742-2/04/$20.00 (c) 2004 IEEE 2409
- 2. Client Network Server Network charging system LBS charging system Wired/wireless network Network positioning years. The fourth level is positioning coordination level, Central data network GSM/GPRS/CDMA/3G A-GPS E-OTD AOA TDOA Positioning coordination level Application level for enterprise or personal customer Positioning parameters meaning level providing access, coordination and management for various applications. The fifth level is application level for enterprise or personal customer. The 2,3 and 4th level composed of software positioning platform. There are detailed protocols between levels to Service LBS flat gateway communication. For example, MAP/SMPP protocol provides the exchanges between central data network and positioning platform. MLP/XML can be used as communication mechanism for application level and positioning platform. Each level is also the integration of different sub-levels. And each level can be implemented by one or several entities[8-9]. B. Function of LBS system The LBS system has the following functions as follows: 1) Inverse Geographical coding Located the coordinates information with the geographical entities. 2) Neighborhood query Manually or automatically select target object to query the nearest point of Interest 3)Address acquire Query geographical information for certain place through clicking it. 4) Click acquire Query geographical information for certain place through clicking it.. 5) Range acquire Query the POI in a range. 6) Route planning Select one route with shortest distance or travel time according to origin, and destination and pass by place. 7) Map service Map display, moving, zoom in 1200m out with high quality 8) Positioning service Provide positioning information for the mobile customer and store the running track. 9) Voice clue Clue to the driving direction and job assignment. Resource management Personal security module Positioning computation module Tourist service module Friends query module Positioning service choose Alarm disposing Account management Else Message transmission User signing Positioning computation module Data pre-disposing Data inputting module module Positioning computation level Figure 3 LBS system service hierarchical Map datebase Attribute database FIGURE 2 LBS SYSTEM COMPONENTS 0-7803-8742-2/04/$20.00 (c) 2004 IEEE 2410
- 3. 10)Real time information distribution Web server Wireless SMS / WAP MapXtreme Http / Html Application case of LBS Map positioning Computation management Route optimize Space analyze Cartography Dimensional data accessing engine RDMS Distribute traffic Jam status, incidents and guide the people travel. IV. APPLICATION CASE LBS has widespread application area such as security (E119, E112,emegeneg service), mobile yellow page (E114), neighborhood query(shopping hall, petrol station, restaurant, realty),traffic information, navigation, location bared commerce. An application case of LBS on MapXtreme is introduced in figure 4[3,9]. MapXtreme for Java supports payload balance of multiple, and is apt to the map positioning development of wireless Internet, Internet, Intranet. It can issue map with various different manner. For LBS application in telecommunication area, the core problem is parallel access for large amount of users. MapXtreme can be easily used to fit increasing capacity. Its Integrated Development Environment(IDE) can be used to establish and maintain[10,11] HTML documents and integrate advanced application logic in Web application system. The functional module is as follows: 1) WedGIS: operated in WebGIS server and provide system API to easily browse map information display. 2) Geographical Information Service: Used for customer to develop various map related function. 3) User management module. Used for management of customers, materials, service type and other related documents. 4) Charging Management, Flexible charging based on information capacity or monthly standard. V. CONCLUSION LBS is a new service along with the development and integration of mobile communication and internet. Under the driving of requirements and technology, LBS will have much more widespread application area. This paper, the architecture and functions are proposed for LBS and the application case is introduced for the solutions. REFENRENCES [1] Liu Changzheng, Li wei, Ding Chen and Guo Jingjun. An overview of location–based services. Geomatics World 2003,Vol.1, No.3, p25-26,38 [2] Panagiotakis, S.; Koutsopoulou, M.; Alonistioti, A.; Kaloxylos, A.; Generic framework for the provision of efficient location-based charging over future mobile communication networks. The 13th IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, 2002, Vol.2, p755 –759 [3] Liu Yu, Zhu Zhongying. The system structure and its key technologies of location-based services Microcomputer Applications. 2003,Vol.19, No5, p5-7 [4] Hartigan, P.F. Transport and processing of perishable information: essential infrastructure for location based services Third International Conference on 3G Mobile Communication Technologies, 2002,p345 –349 [5] Song Xiaodong, Wu Mengquan The technique and application of the location-based services. Northeast Surveying and Mapping 2003,Vol.26.No1,p41-43 [6] Li Deren, Li Qingquan.. The technique integration of the spatial information and communication. Geomatics and Information Science of WQu han University, 2001,Vo.26,No1, p1-7 [7] Saltenis, S., Jensen, C.S. Indexing of moving objects for location-based services Proceedings. 18th International Conference on Data Engineering, 2002, p 463-472 [8] Sun Guolin, Ewei. Location Services Architecture and Structure in 3G System. Guangdong Communication Technology, 2001, Vol.21, No.11, p7-11 [9] Unni, R., Harmon, R. Location-based services: models for strategy development in m-commerce. Technology Management for Reshaping the World, International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology, 2003, p416-424 [10] Stojanovic D.H.; Djordjevic-Kajan S.J. Developing location-based services from a GIS perspective Proceedings of 5th International Conference on Telecommunications in Modern Satellite, Cable and Broadcasting Service, 2001. Vol.2, p 459-462 [11] Agre, J.; Akinyemi, A.; Lusheng Ji; Masuoka, R.; Thakkar, P.; A layered architecture for location-based services in wireless ad hoc networks. 2002. IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings, 2002,Vol.3, p1085-1097 Figure 4 An application case of LBS on Map Xtreme 0-7803-8742-2/04/$20.00 (c) 2004 IEEE 2411