This document provides an overview of cyber security fundamentals, including definitions, types of attacks, and examples. It defines cyber security as protecting computers, networks, programs and data from unintended access. It outlines two main types of cyber attacks: web-based attacks, which target websites and applications, and system-based attacks, which compromise individual computers or networks. Specific web-based attacks discussed include DDoS, SQL injection, brute force, man-in-the-middle, sniffing, phishing, spoofing, and social engineering. System-based attacks covered are viruses, worms, Trojan horses, backdoors, and botnets.