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Fraud v Error
Fraud v Error


    Intentional
Fraud v Error
Intentional
Fraud v Error
Intentional




    Misinterpretation
Fraud v Error
Intentional
        Misinterpretation
Fraud v Error
Intentional
             Misinterpretation




   Incorrect Accounting
Fraud v Error
Intentional
             Misinterpretation
   Incorrect Accounting
Fraud v Error
       Intentional
                            Misinterpretation
               Incorrect Accounting



There may be requirements to report suspicions of fraud,
                    but not error
Management v Auditor
Management v Auditor




      Prepare T&F
Management v Auditor
Prepare T&F
Management v Auditor
Prepare T&F




      Prevent & Detect Fraud
Management v Auditor
Prepare T&F
   Prevent & Detect Fraud
Management v Auditor
Prepare T&F
   Prevent & Detect Fraud



          Internal Controls
Management v Auditor
Prepare T&F
   Prevent & Detect Fraud



          Internal Controls

     Good Corporate Governance
Management v Auditor
Management v Auditor




     Report on T&F
Management v Auditor
             Report on T&F
Management v Auditor
                      Report on T&F




Reasonable Assurance Fraud & ERROR
Management v Auditor
                  Report on T&F

 Reasonable Assurance Fraud & ERROR
Management v Auditor
                             Report on T&F

       Reasonable Assurance Fraud & ERROR

Primary F&E responsibility lies with management
Management v Auditor
                              Report on T&F

        Reasonable Assurance Fraud & ERROR

 Primary F&E responsibility lies with management


consider the risk of material misstatement
Management v Auditor
Management v Auditor

   Reduce fraud opportunities
Management v Auditor

    Reduce fraud opportunities

 Establish a culture where no fraud
Management v Auditor

    Reduce fraud opportunities

 Establish a culture where no fraud
 due to the likelihood of detection
Professional Scepticism
Professional Scepticism

Discuss fraud within specific characteristics of
      the audit & potential effect on FS
Professional Scepticism

Discuss fraud within specific characteristics of
      the audit & potential effect on FS
Professional Scepticism

Discuss fraud within specific characteristics of
      the audit & potential effect on FS

Talk to management about controls to detect or
               prevent fraud
Professional Scepticism

Discuss fraud within specific characteristics of
      the audit & potential effect on FS

Talk to management about controls to detect or
               prevent fraud

Obtain evidence that fraud has not occurred or
           detected and corrected
Fraud/Error is Suspected?
Fraud/Error is Suspected?
Fraud/Error is Suspected?   Effect on FS?
Fraud/Error is Suspected?   Effect on FS?
Fraud/Error is Suspected?   Effect on FS?



                                   Document in
                                    Audit files
Fraud/Error is Suspected?   Effect on FS?



                                   Document in
                                    Audit files
Fraud/Error is Suspected?          Effect on FS?




                      Additional          Document in
                       Testing?            Audit files
Fraud/Error is Suspected?                Effect on FS?



                        Extent of misstatement
                      Additional                 Document in
                       Testing?                   Audit files
Fraud/Error is Suspected?                Effect on FS?



                        Extent of misstatement
                      Additional                 Document in
                       Testing?                   Audit files
Fraud/Error is Suspected?                Effect on FS?



                        Extent of misstatement
  Effect on           Additional                 Document in
    Risk?              Testing?                   Audit files
Fraud/Error is Suspected?                Effect on FS?



                        Extent of misstatement
  Effect on           Additional                 Document in
    Risk?              Testing?                   Audit files
Fraud/Error is Suspected?                Effect on FS?



                        Extent of misstatement
  Effect on           Additional                 Document in
    Risk?              Testing?                   Audit files


Discuss with
Management
Fraud/Error is Suspected?                Effect on FS?



                        Extent of misstatement
   Effect on          Additional                 Document in
     Risk?             Testing?                   Audit files


Discuss with
Management
Tell them to get
      legal
advice if fraud is
   suspected
Fraud/Error is Suspected?                Effect on FS?



                        Extent of misstatement
   Effect on          Additional                 Document in
     Risk?             Testing?                   Audit files


Discuss with
Management
Tell them to get
      legal
advice if fraud is
   suspected
Fraud/Error is Suspected?                Effect on FS?



                        Extent of misstatement
   Effect on          Additional                 Document in
     Risk?             Testing?                   Audit files


Discuss with         If Management
Management
Tell them to get        Suspected?
      legal
advice if fraud is
   suspected
Fraud/Error is Suspected?                      Effect on FS?



                           Extent of misstatement
   Effect on             Additional                      Document in
     Risk?                Testing?                        Audit files


Discuss with           If Management
Management
Tell them to get          Suspected?
      legal          Get legal advice or rarely resign
advice if fraud is
   suspected
Fraud/Error is Suspected?                      Effect on FS?



                           Extent of misstatement
   Effect on             Additional                      Document in
     Risk?                Testing?                        Audit files


Discuss with           If Management
Management
Tell them to get          Suspected?
      legal          Get legal advice or rarely resign
advice if fraud is
   suspected
Fraud/Error is Suspected?                      Effect on FS?



                           Extent of misstatement
   Effect on             Additional                      Document in
     Risk?                Testing?                        Audit files

                                                          Consider
Discuss with           If Management                       Report
Management
Tell them to get          Suspected?                       Impact
      legal          Get legal advice or rarely resign
advice if fraud is
   suspected
Fraud/Error is Suspected?                      Effect on FS?



                           Extent of misstatement
   Effect on             Additional                      Document in
     Risk?                Testing?                        Audit files

                                                          Consider
Discuss with           If Management                       Report
Management
Tell them to get          Suspected?                       Impact
      legal          Get legal advice or rarely resign
advice if fraud is
   suspected
Fraud/Error is Suspected?                      Effect on FS?



                           Extent of misstatement
   Effect on             Additional                      Document in
     Risk?                Testing?                        Audit files

                                                          Consider
Discuss with           If Management                       Report
Management
Tell them to get          Suspected?                       Impact
      legal          Get legal advice or rarely resign
advice if fraud is
   suspected
                                                          Report to
                                                         Authorities?
Fraud/Error is Suspected?                      Effect on FS?



                           Extent of misstatement
   Effect on             Additional                      Document in
     Risk?                Testing?                        Audit files

                                                          Consider
Discuss with           If Management                       Report
Management
Tell them to get          Suspected?                       Impact
      legal          Get legal advice or rarely resign
advice if fraud is
   suspected
                                                          Report to
                                                         Authorities?
                                        Consider Confidentiality
The Auditor - Criminal Liability
The Auditor - Criminal Liability

Accepting appointment without being qualified
The Auditor - Criminal Liability

Accepting appointment without being qualified
          Being involved with fraud
The Auditor - Criminal Liability

Accepting appointment without being qualified
          Being involved with fraud
               Insider Dealing
The Auditor - Criminal Liability

Accepting appointment without being qualified
          Being involved with fraud
               Insider Dealing
             Money Laundering
The Auditor - Civil Liability
The Auditor - Civil Liability

 Negligent (careless) auditing
The Auditor - Civil Liability

       Negligent (careless) auditing
Sued by Client company under contract law
The Auditor - Civil Liability

       Negligent (careless) auditing
Sued by Client company under contract law
   Sued by banks etc under negligence
The Auditor - Duty of skill & Care
The Auditor - Duty of skill & Care

    Depends on the circumstance
The Auditor - Duty of skill & Care

         Depends on the circumstance
eg. Accepting the word of management after
            suspicion is aroused
The Auditor - Duty of skill & Care

           Depends on the circumstance
eg. Accepting the word of management after
              suspicion is aroused
    Follow ISAs and show this in working papers
The Auditor - Professional competence
The Auditor - Professional competence

Achieve, and maintain, professional knowledge
The Auditor - Professional competence

  Achieve, and maintain, professional knowledge
eg. Formal & Informal training + experience
The Auditor - Professional competence

  Achieve, and maintain, professional knowledge
eg. Formal & Informal training + experience

   Awareness of general business developments,
       such as dropbox and e-commerce
The Auditor - Due care
The Auditor - Due care

Acting diligently in accordance with technical and
              professional standards
The Auditor - Due care

 Acting diligently in accordance with technical and
               professional standards
means applying knowledge minimising the
               chance of mistakes
                    being made
The Auditor - Due care

 Acting diligently in accordance with technical and
               professional standards
means applying knowledge minimising the
               chance of mistakes
                    being made

   Enough time to complete work with due care
       Staff fully understand the objectives
The Auditor - Negligence - A Civil Wrong
The Auditor - Negligence - A Civil Wrong

              Duty of Care
The Auditor - Negligence - A Civil Wrong

             Duty of Care
             Duty is broken
The Auditor - Negligence - A Civil Wrong

              Duty of Care
             Duty is broken
             Damage results
The Auditor - Negligence - A Civil Wrong

                    Duty of Care
                   Duty is broken
                   Damage results

The auditor does not exist to aid investment decisions,
            unless verbal assurances given
Fraudulent Financial Reporting
Fraudulent Financial Reporting
 Intentional
Misstatement!
Fraudulent Financial Reporting
Fraudulent Financial Reporting

         Manipulation
Fraudulent Financial Reporting

         Manipulation
       Misrepresentation
Fraudulent Financial Reporting

         Manipulation
       Misrepresentation
        Misapplication
Fraudulent Financial Reporting

         Manipulation
       Misrepresentation
        Misapplication

      Earnings Management

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Audit Fraud & error p7

Editor's Notes