Automated testing overview
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Automated testing overview discusses the importance of software testing and automated testing. It defines software testing as verifying that software meets requirements and works as expected. The document covers different types of testing and why automated testing is needed to reduce costs, protect reputation, and address difficulties in testing. It provides examples of unit testing simple objects, objects with dependencies, and user interfaces to illustrate how to implement automated tests.
![Unit testing naming conventions used
in examples
Object to be tested Object to create on the testing side
Project Create a test project named [ProjectUnderTest].Tests.
Class For each class, create at least one class with the name
[ClassName]Tests.
Method For each method, create at least one test method with
the following name:
[MethodName]_[StateUnderTest]_[ExpectedBehavior]
.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/automatedtestingoverview-130814041246-phpapp01/85/Automated-testing-overview-15-320.jpg)
![Unit testing framework - MsTest
• Automates unit testing;
• Provides an intuitive easy to use interface;
• Generates output that can be used by the
continuous integration process;
• to write a unit test you just need to use
– two attributes [TestClass], [TestMethod];
– a static function call Assert that validates the test;](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/automatedtestingoverview-130814041246-phpapp01/85/Automated-testing-overview-17-320.jpg)
Automated testing overview
- 2. Summary • Why do we need software testing • Software testing definition • Types of testing • Why do we need automated testing • Unit testing for simple objects • Unit testing for objects that have dependencies • Automated testing for user interface
- 3. Why do we need software testing • To reduce operating costs : software bugs are a big cost for the business; • To protect company reputation : software quality is a key requirement of any new project; • any developer will do some kind of testing before delivering the software to the client; • software testing is a core activity associated with the development process;
- 4. Software testing definition • Definition: Software testing is an investigation conducted to provide stakeholders with information about the quality of the product or service under test; • software testing verifies and validates that the software deliverable: – meets the business and technical requirements that guided its design and development; – works as expected;
- 5. Types of testing • system testing : exercises the application end to end. Based on specifications and executed using tests scripts as part of a test plan. • integration testing : targets parts of the application e.g. the service layer; • unit testing : tests individual code units : e.g. classes.
- 6. Cost of software bugs Cost to fix a defect Time detected Requirem ents Architectu re Constructi on System test After release Time introd uced Requirement s 1x 3x 5-10x 10x 10-100x Architecture - 1x 10x 15x 25-100x Construction - - 1x 10x 10-25x • the cost of removing a software bug is linked to the development stage the software bug is found;
- 7. Difficulties of software testing • It is a lengthy process and can happen only after the alpha stage of the application; • Constant retesting : After each release we need to test new features and retest existing ones - even if the changes affect only a part of the application we can never be sure that the rest of the application is unaffected; • Usually the full test plan is applied right at the end of the delivery cycle : regression errors or unexpected errors can be detected too close to final delivery - they can affect the delivery schedule;
- 8. Solution: automated tests • Automate the test plan right from the beginning of the development cycle : the developer can now exercise the application before is deployed to testing; • System testing will always have a manual part but can be also comprised of automated tests that can cover a lot of scenarios • Use unit testing and integration testing extensively as they can be automated with minimal costs;
- 9. Why do we need automated testing • TIME - speed up the delivery schedule : the test window is reduced and testers can concentrate more on exploratory testing and test cases that cannot be automated; • COST - reduce the number of bugs : bugs can be detected before a deployment is made and regression issues are reduced significantly; • SCOPE - reduce the amount of rework and make scope changes cheap: the testers, business analysts and developers will start from test scenarios first that will increase the product knowledge right from the start;
- 10. How to implement automated tests • The application need to be testable; • System testing : coded ui tests using an automation framework or using record and replay tools; • Integrations tests : inject data that is used to exercise the application layers for specific scenarios; • Unit testing : they are code only tests so they don’t have an impact on external systems and their dependencies
- 11. Unit testing
- 12. What is a unit test • Can I run and get results from a unit test I wrote two weeks or even months or years ago? • Can any member of my team run and get the results from unit tests I wrote two months ago? • Can I run all the unit tests I’ve written in no more than a few minutes? • Can I run all the unit tests I’ve written at the push of a button? • Can I write a basic unit test in no more than a few minutes?
- 13. Properties of a good unit test • It should be automated and repeatable. • It should be easy to implement. • Once it’s written, it should remain for future use. • Anyone should be able to run it. • It should run at the push of a button. • It should run quickly.
- 14. Styles of writing unit tests • write production code first then unit tests; • test driven development(TDD): write the unit tests first then production code; • behaviour driven development(BDD): start from user stories and decompose them in scenarios then write code to validate the scenarios
- 15. Unit testing naming conventions used in examples Object to be tested Object to create on the testing side Project Create a test project named [ProjectUnderTest].Tests. Class For each class, create at least one class with the name [ClassName]Tests. Method For each method, create at least one test method with the following name: [MethodName]_[StateUnderTest]_[ExpectedBehavior] .
- 17. Unit testing framework - MsTest • Automates unit testing; • Provides an intuitive easy to use interface; • Generates output that can be used by the continuous integration process; • to write a unit test you just need to use – two attributes [TestClass], [TestMethod]; – a static function call Assert that validates the test;
- 19. Unit testing classes that have dependencies
- 20. Example 2 LegacyLogAnalyser • Requirements: – create a class that analyses a log file; – if the log file is invalid call a webservice and log the problem; – if an error is encountered send an email to an administrator;
- 21. Controlling dependencies • identify dependencies; • isolate them by introducing interfaces; • this process is referred to as making the class under test testable; • during test replace interfaces with objects that you can control(replace the dependency with a fake); • this process is referred to as mocking the dependencies;
- 23. Mocking framework – Rhino.Mocks • a mocking framework facilitates the generation of fakes; • there are two main types of unit testing; – state-based unit testing; – interaction-based unit testing; • there are two type of fakes to match the two types of unit testing: stub and mock; • Rhino.Mocks is the most widely used open source framework; • MockReposity.GenerateStub<T> and MockReposity.GenerateMock<T> are the methods used to generate fakes;
- 25. Conclusion • Defined the place of unit testing in the wider context of software testing; • Defined properties of a good unit test; • Introduction to an unit testing framework; • Discussed about the need to isolate and control dependencies during testing; • Introduction to a mocking framework.
Editor's Notes
- #5: Depending on the type of industry software testing has a different importance but in the last decade the quality of the software has increased dramatically while the delivery cycle was reduced considerably; At Microsoft a team of 20 developers will have a team of 20 testers;
- #6: types of testing based on the testing method: black box testing: a method that tests the functionality of an application as opposed to its internal structures or workings. Test cases are built around specifications and requirements; white box testing: a method that tests internal structures or workings of an application as opposed to its functionality. The tester chooses inputs to exercise paths through the code and determine the appropriate output. types of testing based on the level of specificity: system testing: tests a completely integrated system to verify that it meets its requirements. UI software testing Usability testing Performance testing Compatibility testing Regression testin g integration testing: verifies the interfaces between components against a software design. Testing two or more dependent software modules as a group. unit testing: verifies the functionality of a specific section of code, usually at the function level. In an object-oriented environment, this is usually at the class level.
- #7: McConnell, Steve (2004). Code Complete 2nd Ed ) bugs introduced in construction are costly to be fixed;
- #13: Revised definition: A unit test is an automated piece of code that invokes the method or class being tested and then checks some assumptions about the logical behavior of that method or class. A unit test is almost always written using a unit-testing framework. It can be written easily and runs quickly. It’s fully automated, trustworthy, readable, and maintainable.
- #15: Waterfall vs agile development; BDD: If all scenarios associated with a user story are successfully validated we can say that the user story has met the acceptance criteria.
- #22: An external dependency is an object in your system that your code under test interacts with, and over which you have no control. (Common examples are filesystems, threads, memory, time, and so on.) A stub is a controllable replacement for an existing dependency (or collaborator) in the system. By using a stub, you can test your code without dealing with the dependency directly.
- #24: S tate-based testing (also called state verification) determines whether the exercised method worked correctly by examining the state of the system under test and its collaborators (dependencies) after the method is exercised. Interaction testing is testing how an object sends input to or receives input from other objects—how that object interacts with other objects. ( action-driven testing)