Automatic EV Battery Management and control Systems using IOT

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 08 | Aug 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 330
Automatic EV Battery Management and control Systems using IOT
Sharan kumar k1, Dr.A. R. Aswatha2
1PG Student, Dept of TCE, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Karnataka, India
2HOD, Dept of TCE, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Karnataka, India
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Abstract- A battery is a fundamental component of the
electric vehicle (EVs), which represents the step forward
towards a sustainable mobility. From the statistics,
transportation sector contributes over 25% of the CO2
emissions and 50% of the oil consumption this causes air
pollution which is leading to the increase in temperature and
also leads to the Global warming. Electric vehicles (EVs)
should be replaced by the fuel vehicles this is the major
solution to decrease the air pollution because electric vehicle
(EVs) are zero emission which does not affect environment.
Where, here engines are replaced by a battery the Lithium-
ion battery is typically the best battery for electric vehicles
(EVs). Battery management system(BMS) plays a crucial role
in management of controlling the battery. Due to the
limitation like electrical power distribution limitation,
Electric Vehicles (EVs) charging should perform in a effective
way. This proposed system for a Electric Vehicle (EVs)
utilization and charging system having many advance
features. The proposed device will automatically stop the
overcharging and charging will not happen in battery and
different parameters will monitor based on the parameter
battery charging and utilization for a load and it will be
controlled automatically in this implementation.
Key Words: Micro-controller, IoT Module, Electric
Vehicles(EVs), BMS, Electric sensor, Voltage sensor.
1.INTRODUCTION
Electric vehicles(EVs) plays an important role in
sustainable mobility thanks to the zero–emission and
efficient energy utilizesation. The battery has an great
impact on the performance of the electric vehicles (EVs),
basically it is determining the driving range. As a
consequence, the battery technology and its effective
utilization is of paramount importance. From today’s
perspective, Lithium-ion chemistry is one of the battery
technology of choice due to the good power rating, good
energy density, and charge/discharge efficiency in a pulsed
energy flow system. Usually, a large number of cells
depending upon its application are series connected to
build the battery string with a required voltage.
This project is making electric vehicle (EVs) battery
management system using the automatic technique. By using
this technique the system battery input and output will be
managed. Once the charging starts, that will stop
automatically when the charging is done and load will be
control automatically based on the different parameter like
temperature and charging status. User will able to see all
information using LCD display.
2. DESIGN OF PROPOSED SYSTEM
Here, main supply we are using for charging source here in
this section we are using step down transformer for
converting the voltage high to low, Rectifier Bridge and
filter are used at charging source. This source will connect
with battery for charging through the charging relay. This
charging relay will automatic trigger off after the charging
is done. This relay will off by microcontroller section.
Microcontroller will get charging status and condition with
help of different sensor like, current sensor and
temperature sensor. This senor will send battery
information to microcontroller and microcontroller will
display all the values to user using LCD display and also by
IOT server.
Based on charging level in battery the microcontroller will
control the load and if the battery has very less charging,
the controller will trigger off the load by using load relay
section.
All management of battery will be automatically executed.
Li-ion chemistry is sensitive to deep discharge and
overcharge, which may damage the batteries and also
shortens its lifetime and also even causing hazardous
situations. For this it requires the adoption of proper
Battery Management System (BMS) to maintain its each cell
of the battery within its reliable and safe operating range. In
addition to this a primary function of battery protection the
Battery Management System (BMS) should be able to
estimate the battery status in order to predict its actual
amount of energy that can still be delivered to the load and
this is a quite challenging task, as the performance of the
battery in terms of usable internal resistance and capacity
varies over time.

Fig-1. Block Diagram
PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
 A drop in voltage at a given load can indicate an increase
ininternal resistance.Thisthencanpointtowarddry-out,
corrosion,plateseparation,orotherdiagnoses.
 A sudden increase in the temperature of battery could
indicatethepossibilityofathermalrunawayeventwithin
thewholebatterypack.TheBMScouldthenstoptheflow
ofenergyandalerttheusertoapotentialproblemsothat
itcanbecontainedbeforeitgetsoutofcontrol.
 Time Battery overcharging is a common problem in
vehicles today. Overcharging your battery can
significantly decrease its lifespan, make it more
difficult for it to turn over, lower its efficiency, and
in extreme cases, can even to battery explosion.
Overcharging is a problem that can be difficult to
notice.
3. OBJECTIVES
4. Working Principle of Sensor Module’s.
(i): Current Sensor
By using this current sensor the overcharging is
controlled by using a protection relay which is controlled
by a microcontroller.
(i) Temperature Sensor:
The LM35 is an integrated circuit sensor that can be used
to measure temperature with an electrical output
proportional to the temperature (in °C).It can measure
temperature more accurately than a using a thermistor.
The sensor circuitry is sealed and not subject to oxidation.
The LM35 generates a higher output voltage than
thermocouples and may not require that the output
voltage be amplified. The LM35 has an output voltage that
is proportional to the Celsius temperature
Fig: LM35 Temperature Sensor
Power the IC by applying a regulated voltage like +5V (VS)
to the input pin and connected the ground pin to the ground
of the circuit. Now, you can measure the temperate in form
of voltage. The sensor is operated by the microcontroller
when the battery is over heat the temperature sensor will
sense it and the microcontroller will stop the power supply
so the battery will not been damaged.
The main objective of this project is making EV battery
management system using automatic technique. By using
this system battery input and output will be manage.
Once charging will start, that will stop automatically
based on Different parameter like voltage, current,
temperature. User will able to see all information using
LCD display and IOT. By using IOT user will able to see all
information from anywhere of world location using IOT
cloud service.
The ASC712 is based on Hall Effect. There is a copper strip
connecting the IP+ and IP- pins internally. When some
current flows through this copper conductor, a magnetic
field is generated which is sensed by the Hall Effect sensor.
The Hall Effect sensor then converts this magnetic field
into appropriate voltage. In this method, the input and
the output are completely isolated.
a)Current Sensors b) Interfacing ASC712 Current
sensor with microcontroller

Experimental Setup and Results.
The below shown is the Experimental Setup for Battery
management and system (BMS) analysis using IoT. Now,
it is completed 50% of project.
Fig: Experimental Setup.
i.e, showing temperature of battery in the LCD display
and charging status display .The word LCD refers to it is a
specific sort of electronic display module used in a wide
array of circuits and devices including computers,
calculators, TV sets, mobile phones, and other electronic
devices. Seven segments and multi-segment light-emitting
diodes are the two major applications for these displays.
The primary advantages of adopting this module are the ,
easy programming, animations, low cost and the lack of
any restrictions on displaying customized characters,
unique and even animations, etc. The data register and
command register are two of the 16 by 2 LCD's registers.
The main purpose of the RS (register select) is to switch
between registers. A register set of 1 is referred to as a
data register. The register set is referred to as a command
register when it is set to"0".
Fig: Charging status Results.

Fig: Temperature Sensor Results.
3. CONCLUSIONS
The transportation sector is one of the major contributors
to carbon dioxide emissions and air pollution. The
widespread adoption of the Electric Vehicles (EVs) is one of
the promising solution to address the de-carbonize
transportation sectors and environmental. This project is
developed a system for management and control of a
battery for charging and the utilization of a battery.
4. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Researchers appreciate the excellent discussions and
contributions from their peers on the subjects mentioned
above.
REFERENCES
A. VikasBhandare, DangePrachi , EEE Department,
Sanjay Ghodawat Group of Institutions, Kolhapur
The International journal of analytical and
experimental modal analysis
B. NURUL FITRIYAH ROSLAN Ocean Engineering
Technology and Informatics, Universiti Malaysia
Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia.
C. P.Dharani, T.Nandhini Department of EEE,
Sengunthar Engineering College (Autonomous),
Tiruchengode. SurajPunj Journal for Multidisciplinary
Research.
D. Anurag Busha, VakeeshKanna Journal of Network
Communications and Emerging Technologies
(JNCET) Volume 8, Issue.
E. Dr.Viswanath& Dr. M. Rajaram Narayanan
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,
Shadan College of Engineering and Technology
HYD,T.S, I

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