Avoiding plagiarism in this era of digital availability
- 1. Avoiding Plagiarism in this Era of Digital Availability Dr. Utpal Das Deputy Librarian, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam utpalishaan@gmail.com Copyrighted to Dr. Utpal Das, Dibrugarh University
- 2. Research Ethics and Integrity
- 3. Academic Research Output Assignments Project Reports Research Papers/Articles Book Chapters Dissertations Thesis
- 4. What is research? Oxford English Dictionary: The systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions.
- 5. According to The Research Excellence Framework, (2014) Research is "a process of investigation leading to new insights, effectively shared.” Research is a multi-stage process. Ethics are central to the research process.
- 6. Purpose of Research: Research is a tool by which one can find an answer of his or her query and advance knowledge or The purpose of research is really an ongoing process of correcting and refining hypotheses, which should lead to the acceptance of certain scientific truths
- 7. Two Basic Characteristics of Research Work: Novelty Originality
- 9. Research Ethics and Integrity
- 10. Research Ethics Ethics are the moral principles that govern a person’s behaviour Research ethics may be referred to as doing what is morally and legally right in research Norms for conduct that distinguish between right and wrong, and acceptable and unacceptable behaviour
- 11. According to The Research Excellence Framework, (2014) • Researchers need to take care of various ethical issues at different levels of research process
- 12. According to Bickman & Rog, 2009 • The reality is there can be ethical concerns at every step of the research process • Even though few aspects of research ethics have been set out in legislation, moral values mostly govern the conduct of research
- 13. With the advent of technology, more and more ethical issues have been arising in the field of communication research
- 14. Research ethics provides: guidelines for the responsible conduct of research educates scientists conducting research, and monitors to ensure a high ethical standard
- 15. Economic of Social Research Council, UK adheres six key principles for ethical research are: • research should aim to maximise benefit for individuals and society and minimise risk and harm • the rights and dignity of individuals and groups should be respected • participation should be voluntary and appropriately informed • research should be conducted with integrity and transparency • lines of responsibility and accountability should be clearly defined • independence of research should be maintained and where conflicts of interest cannot be avoided they should be made explicit.
- 16. Some ethical principles: • Honesty: Honestly report data, results, methods and procedures, and publication status. Do not fabricate, falsify, or misrepresent data • Objectivity: Strive to avoid bias in experimental design, data analysis, data interpretation, peer review, personnel decisions, grant writing, expert testimony, and other aspects of research
- 17. • Integrity: Keep your promises and agreements; act with sincerity; strive for consistency of thought and action • Openness: Share data, results, ideas, tools, resources. Be open to criticism and new ideas
- 18. • Respect for Intellectual Property: Honor patents, copyrights, and other forms of intellectual property. Do not use unpublished data, methods, or results without permission. Give credit where credit is due. Never plagiarize • Confidentiality: Protect confidential communications, such as papers or grants submitted for publication, personnel records, trade or military secrets, and patient records
- 19. • Social Responsibility: Strive to promote social good and prevent or mitigate social harms through research, public education, and advocacy • Non-Discrimination: Avoid discrimination against colleagues or students on the basis of sex, race, ethnicity, or other factors that are not related to their scientific competence and integrity
- 20. • Competence: Maintain and improve your own professional competence and expertise through lifelong education and learning; take steps to promote competence in science as a whole • Legality: Know and obey relevant laws and institutional and governmental policies.
- 21. • Animal Care: Show proper respect and care for animals when using them in research. Do not conduct unnecessary or poorly designed animal experiments • Human Subjects Protection: When conducting research on human subjects, minimize harms and risks and maximize benefits; respect human dignity, privacy, and autonomy
- 22. Respect and Protect Traditional Knowledge
- 23. What are research misconducts? Fabrication - making up data or results and recording or reporting them Falsification - manipulating research materials, or changing or omitting data or results such that the research is not accurately represented in the research record Plagiarism - the appropriation of another person's ideas, processes, results, or words without giving appropriate credit
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