Avoiding Plagiarism Tutorial
- 1. AVOIDING PLAGIARISM A NEOMED LIBRARY TUTORIAL
- 2. AVOIDING PLAGIARISM| TABLE OF CONTENTS
- 4. AVOIDING PLAGIARISM| DEFINING PLAGIARISM To steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one’s own: use (another’s production) without crediting the source To commit literary theft: present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing source Plagiarize. Merriam-Webster. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/plagiarize. Accessed June 25, 2019. Plagiarize (verb)
- 5. NEOMED has a Student Honor Code, under which plagiarism is considered academic misconduct. The Honor Code states “Plagiarism (intentional or unintentional representation of ideas or works of another author as a student’s own without properly citing the source or the use of materials prepared by another person; violations of copyright laws).” Penalties will range from remediation to expulsion. The full Student Honor Code may be found at http://www.neomed.edu/sa/professionalism/h onor-code/ AVOIDING PLAGIARISM| DEFINING PLAGIARISM
- 6. THE PLAGIARISM SPECTRUM The internet-based plagiarism detection company, Turnitin, has created an easy- to-understand infographic to explain the various types of plagiarism. The Plagiarism Spectrum. Turnitin. https://www.turnitin.com/static/plagiarism-spectrum/ (accessed June 25, 2019). AVOIDING PLAGIARISM| THE PLAGIARISM SPECTRUM
- 7. SourceText A Natural Setting: A History of Exploration and Settlement in Yosemite Valley Since its first discovery by non-indigenous people in the mid-nineteenth century, Yosemite Valley has held a special, even religious, hold on the American conscience because its beauty makes it an incomparable valley and one of the grandest of all special temples of Nature. While Yosemite holds a special grip on the western mind, perceptions about the Valley have evolved over time due to changing politics, migration patterns and environmental concerns as man has become more attuned to his relationship and impact on nature. StudentText A Natural Setting: A History of Exploration and Settlement in Yosemite Valley Since its first discovery by non-indigenous people in the mid-nineteenth century, Yosemite Valley has held a special, even religious, hold on the American conscience because its beauty makes it an incomparable valley and one of the grandest of all special temples of Nature. While Yosemite holds a special grip on the western mind, perceptions about the Valley have evolved over time due to changing politics, migration patterns and environmental concerns as man has become more attuned to his relationship and impact on nature. Submitting another’s work, word-for-word, as one’s own. CLONE| AVOIDING PLAGIARISM| THE PLAGIARISM SPECTRUM
- 8. SourceText StudentText The Beautiful Yosemite Valley From the time of its first discovery by non-indigenous people in the mid-nineteenth century Yosemite Valley has held a special, even religious, possession on the American conscience because its beauty makes it an incomparable valley and one of the grandest of all special temples of Nature. And Yosemite holds a special grip on the western mind, while perceptions about the Valley have evolved over time due to changing politics, migration patterns and environmental concern as man has become more attuned to his relationship and impact or nature. A Natural Setting: A History of Exploration and Settlement in Yosemite Valley Since its first discovery by non-indigenous people in the mid-nineteenth century, Yosemite Valley has held a special, even religious, hold on the American conscience because its beauty makes it an incomparable valley and one of the grandest of all special temples of Nature. While Yosemite holds a special grip on the western mind, perceptions about the Valley have evolved over time due to changing politics, migration patterns and environmental concerns as man has become more attuned to his relationship and impact on nature. Contains significant portions of text from a single source without alterationsCTRL+C| AVOIDING PLAGIARISM| THE PLAGIARISM SPECTRUM
- 9. SourceText A Natural Setting: A History of Exploration and Settlement in Yosemite Valley Since its first discovery by non-indigenous people in the mid-nineteenth century, Yosemite Valley has held a special, even religious, hold on the American conscience because its beauty makes it an incomparable valley and one of the grandest of all special temples of Nature. While Yosemite holds a special grip on the western mind, perceptions about the Valley have evolved over time due to changing politics, migration patterns and environmental concerns as man has become more attuned to his relationship and impact on nature. StudentText A Beautiful Setting in Yosemite Since its first discovery by non-native people in the mid-19th century Yosemite Valley has held a special, even sacred, hold on the American psyche because its beauty makes it an incomparable valley and one of the grandest of all special temples of Nature. While Yosemite holds a special grip on the western mindset, perceptions about the Valley have evolved over time due to changing political movements, migration patterns and environmental issues as man has become more attuned to their relationship and impact on nature. Changing key words and phrases but retaining the essential content of the source.Find-Replace| AVOIDING PLAGIARISM| THE PLAGIARISM SPECTRUM
- 10. SourceText StudentText Paraphrases from multiple sources, made to fit together. REMIX| A Natural Setting: A History of Exploration and Settlement in Yosemite Valley Since its first discovery by non-indigenous people in the mid-nineteenth century, Yosemite Valley has held a special, even religious, hold on the American conscience because its beauty makes it an incomparable valley and one of the grandest of all special temples of Nature. While Yosemite holds a special grip on the western mind, perceptions about the Valley have evolved over time due to changing politics, migration patterns and environmental concerns as man has become more attuned to his relationship and impact on nature. An Untouched View A History of Settlement and Change in Yosemite Valley The first non-natives to see Yosemite Valley were probably members of the mid-nineteenth century Joseph Walker Party, who crossed the Sierra Nevada from East to West. The first descriptions of Yosemite came almost 20 years later. From the start, the valley has been renowned for its natural beauty, and highly regarded as he center-piece of Yosemite National Park, attracting visitors from around the world. While Yosemite holds a special grip on the western mind, perceptions about the Valley have evolved over time due to changing politics, migration patterns and environmental concerns as man has become more attuned to their relationship and impact on nature. AVOIDING PLAGIARISM| THE PLAGIARISM SPECTRUM
- 11. SourceText StudentText Borrows generously from the writer’s previous work without citation.RECYCLE| A Natural Setting: A History of Exploration and Settlement in Yosemite Valley Since its first discovery by non-indigenous people in the mid-nineteenth century, Yosemite Valley has held a special, even religious, hold on the American conscience because its beauty makes it an incomparable valley and one of the grandest of all special temples of Nature. While Yosemite holds a special grip on the western mind, perceptions about the Valley have evolved over time due to changing politics, migration patterns and environmental concerns as man has become more attuned to his relationship and impact on nature. Ecology 201 An Unnatural Expectation: The Impact of Exploration and Settlement in Yosemite Valley From its first discovery by the Ahwahnechee in the mid-nineteenth century Yosemite Valley has held a unique, even religious, hold on the American conscience because its beauty makes it an incomparable valley and one of the grandest of all special temples of Nature. While Yosemite holds a special grip on the western mind, perceptions about the Valley have evolved over time reflecting changing politics, human migration patterns and the rise of environmental concerns as man has become more attuned to his relationship and impact on nature. AVOIDING PLAGIARISM| THE PLAGIARISM SPECTRUM
- 12. SourceText StudentText Combines perfectly cited sources with copied passages without citation.HYBRID| A Natural Setting: A History of Exploration and Settlement in Yosemite Valley Since its first discovery by non-indigenous people in the mid-nineteenth century, Yosemite Valley has held a special, even religious, hold on the American conscience because its beauty makes it an incomparable valley and one of the grandest of all special temples of Nature. While Yosemite holds a special grip on the western mind, perceptions about the Valley have evolved over time due to changing politics, migration patterns and environmental concerns as man has become more attuned to his relationship and impact on nature. A Natural Setting A History of Exploration and Settlement in Yosemite Valley Since its first discovery by non-indigenous people in the mid-nineteenth century, Yosemite Valley has held a special, even religious, hold on the American conscience because its beauty makes it an incomparable valley and one of the grandest of all special temples of Nature. "Native Americans have lived in the Yosemite region for as long as 8,000 years. The first people that we have record of was a band of Native Americans that called the Valley "Ah- wahnee“ and themselves the Ahwahnechee." While Yosemite holds a special grip on the western mind, perceptions about the Valley have evolved over time due to changing politics, migration patterns and environmental concerns as man has become more attuned to his relationship and impact on nature. AVOIDING PLAGIARISM| THE PLAGIARISM SPECTRUM
- 13. SourceText StudentText Mixes copied material from multiple sources.MASHUP| A Natural Setting: A History of Exploration and Settlement in Yosemite Valley Since its first discovery by non-indigenous people in the mid-nineteenth century, Yosemite Valley has held a special, even religious, hold on the American conscience because its beauty makes it an incomparable valley and one of the grandest of all special temples of Nature. While Yosemite holds a special grip on the western mind, perceptions about the Valley have evolved over time due to changing politics, migration patterns and environmental concerns as man has become more attuned to his relationship and impact on nature. A Natural Setting A History of Exploration and Settlement in Yosemite Valley Since its first discovery by non-indigenous people in the mid-nineteenth century Yosemite Valley has held a special, even religious, hold on the American conscience. The work of Ayres gave easterners an appreciation for Yosemite Valley and started a move-ment to preserve it. While Yosemite holds a special grip on the western mind, perceptions about the Valley have evolved over time due to changing politics, migration patterns and environmental concerns as man has become more attuned to their relationship and impact on nature. The 1849 California Gold Rush led to conflicts between miners and natives, and the volunteer Mariposa Battalion was formed by the state of California as a punitive expedition against natives in the Yosemite area. AVOIDING PLAGIARISM| THE PLAGIARISM SPECTRUM
- 14. SourceText StudentText Includes citations to non-existent or inaccurate information about sources.404 ERROR| A Natural Setting: A History of Exploration and Settlement in Yosemite Valley Since its first discovery by non-indigenous people in the mid-nineteenth century, Yosemite Valley has held a special, even religious, hold on the American conscience because its beauty makes it an incomparable valley and one of the grandest of all special temples of Nature. While Yosemite holds a special grip on the western mind, perceptions about the Valley have evolved over time due to changing politics, migration patterns and environmental concerns as man has become more attuned to his relationship and impact on nature. Perceived Beauty: Man's Nature Exploration and Settlement in Yosemite Valley "Since its first discovery by the Joseph Walker Party1 in the mid-nineteenth century" "Yosemite Valley has held a special, even religious, hold on the American conscience because its beauty makes it an incomparable valley and one of the grandest of all 'special temples of Nature.’” 2 "While Yosemite holds a special grip on the western mind, perceptions about the Valley have evolved over time due to changing politics, migration patterns and environmental concerns as man has become more attuned to their relationship and impact on nature.“3 1 For an insightful discussion of Walker's expedition, including an extended description of their first sight of Yosemite Valley, see Walker's original piece in The Golden Times. May 5, 1833: p. 4. Print. 2 Bloom, H. "Aesthetics of the Found: The 'Nature' of the Natural." Aesthetics and the Found. November 2000: 18-22. Print. 3 Huang et al. "Politics, Policy, and the Environment." Nature and Society. 25.3 (1997) : 127-53. Print. AVOIDING PLAGIARISM| THE PLAGIARISM SPECTRUM
- 15. SourceText StudentText Includes proper citation to sources, but the paper contains almost no original work. AGGREGATOR| A Natural Setting: A History of Exploration and Settlement in Yosemite Valley Since its first discovery by non-indigenous people in the mid-nineteenth century, Yosemite Valley has held a special, even religious, hold on the American conscience because its beauty makes it an incomparable valley and one of the grandest of all special temples of Nature. While Yosemite holds a special grip on the western mind, perceptions about the Valley have evolved over time due to changing politics, migration patterns and environmental concerns as man has become more attuned to his relationship and impact on nature. A Natural Setting: A History of Exploration and Settlement in Yosemite Valley Yosemite Valley was first sighted by non-Indians in 1833 by Joseph Rutherford Walker and his group of explorers. Yosemite has a long and diverse cultural history that helped to shape the region, country, and even the world. While Yosemite holds a special grip on the western mind, perceptions about the Valley have evolved over time due to changing politics, migration patterns and environmental concerns as man has become more attuned to their relationship and impact on nature. 1 Harrick, C. "A Natural Setting." Nature and its Discontents 23.1 (1996) : 41-50. Print. 2 "History of Yosemite," Yosemitegold.com Ace & Friends, n.d. Web. 24 Apr. 2012. http://www.yosemitegold.com/yosemite/history.html 3 "Yosemite National Park Cultural History," Yosemitepark.com DNC Parks and Resorts at Yosemite, Inc., n.d. Web. 24 Apr. 2012. http://www.yosemitepark.com/cultural-history.aspx 4 Harrick, C. "A Natural Setting," p. 41. AVOIDING PLAGIARISM| THE PLAGIARISM SPECTRUM
- 16. SourceText StudentText Includes proper citation to sources but relies too closely to the text’s original wording and/or structure. RE-TWEET| A Natural Setting: A History of Exploration and Settlement in Yosemite Valley Since its first discovery by non-indigenous people in the mid-nineteenth century, Yosemite Valley has held a special, even religious, hold on the American conscience because its beauty makes it an incomparable valley and one of the grandest of all special temples of Nature. While Yosemite holds a special grip on the western mind, perceptions about the Valley have evolved over time due to changing politics, migration patterns and environmental concerns as man has become more attuned to his relationship and impact on nature. A Natural Setting: A History of Exploration and Settlement in Yosemite Valley Yosemite Valley was first sighted by non-Indians in 1833 by Joseph Rutherford Walker and his group of explorers. Yosemite has a long and diverse cultural history that helped to shape the region, country, and even the world. While Yosemite holds a special grip on the western mind, perceptions about the Valley have evolved over time due to changing politics, migration patterns and environmental concerns as man has become more attuned to their relationship and impact on nature. 1 Harrick, C. "A Natural Setting." Nature and its Discontents 23.1 (1996) : 41-50. Print. 2 "History of Yosemite," Yosemitegold.com Ace & Friends, n.d. Web. 24 Apr. 2012. http://www.yosemitegold.com/yosemite/history.html 3 "Yosemite National Park Cultural History," Yosemitepark.com DNC Parks and Resorts at Yosemite, Inc., n.d. Web. 24 Apr. 2012. http://www.yosemitepark.com/cultural-history.aspx 4 Harrick, C. "A Natural Setting," p. 41. AVOIDING PLAGIARISM| THE PLAGIARISM SPECTRUM
- 17. PLAGIARISM CASES ANDREW WAKEFIELD DR. ERIC POEHLMAN DR. HARUKO OBOKATA BRIAN WANSINK
- 18. PLAGIARISM CASES| WAKEFIELD Dr. Andrew Wakefield Dr. Andrew Wakefield published a highly controversial article in a 1995 issue of the Lancet linking the MMR vaccine to autism. More information about the controversy can be found HERE, HERE, & HERE. Fallout from this article has continued to affect the lives of individuals in the United States & world-wide. He was found guilty of research dishonesty, had publications related to the scandal retracted by the journals, and barred from practicing medicine by the UK General Medicine Council 1| 17+| 25| Number of articles retracted Number of Measles outbreaks in the United States in 2019. Number of peer-reviewed articles published that REFUTE the retracted paper.
- 19. PLAGIARISM CASES| POEHLMAN Dr. Eric Poehlman Dr. Poehlman falsified years' worth of scientific study data, had it published, and was then discovered. More information about the controversy can be found HERE, HERE, & HERE. He was criminally prosecuted and may no longer receive public grant money to do research. Poehlman pleaded guilty to lying on a federal grant application and admitted to fabricating more than a decade’s worth of scientific data on obesity, menopause and aging. 10| $200K| 366| Number of articles retracted Dollars paid in restitution Days spent in Federal prison
- 20. PLAGIARISM CASES| OBOKATA Haruko Obokata 2| 1| 4| Number of articles retracted Colleague lost to suicide. Careers ruined by the scandal Haruko Obokata published two papers in Nature magazine about her work on STAP cells, but subsequently her results were unreproducible. More information about the controversy can be found HERE, HERE, & HERE. She was stripped of her doctorate degree. The New Yorker reported that, “in a section of her thesis about the characteristics of stem cells, Obokata had cut and pasted long passages from the National Institutes of Health Web site” (Goodyear, 2016).
- 21. PLAGIARISM CASES| WANSINK Brian Wansink 15| 220,000+| 12+| Number of articles retracted Co-authors affected by retractions articles that have cited his retracted works. Brian Wansink committed academic misconduct in his “research and scholarship. More information about the controversy can be found HERE, HERE, & HERE. Cornell University removed him from all research and teaching duties, he subsequently resigned his position. He misreported research data, had problematic statistical techniques, and failed to properly document and preserve research results.
- 22. COMMON KNOWLEDGE Common Knowledge Physicians & Pharmacists
- 23. COMMON KNOWLEDGE|DEFINITION Something that many or most people know Common knowledge. Merriam-Webster. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/plagiarize. Accessed June 25, 2019. common knowledge (noun)
- 24. COMMON KNOWLEDGE| EXAMPLES Examples of Common Knowledge • Water freezes at 32 degrees • 3 feet = 1 yard • There 7 continents. Information that Most people know • Names of famous heroes • Events of national importance • Holidays Information shared by a cultural or national group. • Mechanics know the parts of a car • Geologists know geological features of the Earth Knowledge shared by members of a certain field MIT (2019) What is common knowledge?. Retrieved from https://integrity.mit.edu/handbook/citing-your-sources/what-common-knowledge
- 25. COMMON KNOWLEDGE| IS IT COMMON KNOWLEDGE? Common knowledge fits both the quantity and ubiquity tests. QUANTITY: Can you find the information in numerous sources? UBIQUITY: how likely is the information known by your audience? If information is NOT well- known by your peers, CITE YOUR INFORMATION
- 26. COMMON KNOWLEDGE| SPECIALIZED KNOWLEDGE Drug Dosages & Administration Methods •Naproxen (325mg tablet) should be taken orally every 8-12 hours. •Cardiac arrest and heart attack are different from each other. Technical Names •Gastroenteritis is the clinical name for the stomach flu. •Acetaminophen is the generic name for Tylenol. Test & Treatment Names •An ECG is used to diagnose heart issues •Coronary artery disease, tachycardia, bradycardia, etc. Study Types •Randomized controlled trial •Case report & meta-analysis DON’T CITE jargon used in your field, this is considered common knowledge.
- 27. SUMMARIZING & PARAPHRASING DEFINITIONS VIDEO TUTORIAL & VISUAL HELPFUL LINKS
- 28. SUMMARIZING & PARAPHRASING| DEFINITIONS A summary is a short synopsis of the information provided in the original source, IN YOUR OWN WORDS. Paraphrasing is writing your interpretation of the author’s meaning. The paraphrase is nearly as long as the original source. SUMMARIZING PARAPHRASING
- 29. SUMMARIZING & PARAPHRASING| VIDEO TUTORIAL & VISUAL TEXTSELECTION LONG SELECTION OF TEXT SUMMARIZE Use your own words to retell using fewer words than the original piece. SHORT SELECTION OF TEXT PARAPHRASE Match the sources meaning in your own words, usually about the same length as the original piece. SHORT & SPECIFIC SELECTION OF TEXT QUOTE Word-for-word match to the original text, must use quotation marks . VIDEO| Summarizing, Paraphrasing, and Quoting: A Guide to Doing it Right!
- 30. HELPFUL LINKS NEOMED LIBGUIDE ON PLAGIARISM PURDUE OWL NEOMED RESEARCH: MISCONDUCT POLICY MINDTOOLS ARTICLE WHAT IS PLAGIARISM & HOW TO AVOID IT| ARTICLE SUMMARIZING & PARAPHRASING| HELPFUL LINKS OFFICE OF RESEARCH INTEGRITY @ HHS LIBGUIDE ON SUMMARIZING @ MIT
- 32. AVOIDING PLAGIARISM| PLAGIARISM TUTORIALS PLAGIARISM TUTORIALS HHS Office of Research Integrity • Avoiding Plagiarism, Self- plagiarism, and other Questionable Writing Practices: A Guide to Ethical Writing Fairfield University • Academic Integrity Tutorial Indiana University • How to Recognize Plagiarism: Tutorials and Tests Rutgers University • Plagiarism Module & Game
- 33. CONTACT US NEOMED LIBRARY INFORMATION CREDITS
- 34. AVOIDING PLAGIARISM| PLAGIARISM TUTORIALS Reference Librarian Office L215 srobins@neomed.edu 330.325.6378 Located on the second floor of Building “A” in the Aneal Mohan Kohli Academic and Information Technology Center. library@neomed.edu 330.325.6600 NEOMED Library Simon Robins AVOIDING PLAGIARISM| LIBRARY INFORMATION
- 35. Some template features used were created: By Showeet.com Using PubMed: A Tutorial by Laura Levy is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Based on a work at https://libraryguides.neomed.edu/plagiarism Fonts used in this presentation: Poppins, by Indian Type Foundry & Cabin, by Pablo Impallari. abc AVOIDING PLAGIARISM| CREDITS abc