AyPG-RM - Module 6 Unit 6 Referencing in Research
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Current Presentation is about the Unit 6 - Referencing from the Module 6 of newly designed Syllabus as prescribed by NCISM for Research Methodology and Medical Statistics (AyPG-RM).
![Citation Styles & Citation Manager
Citation Styles
1) APA – American Psychological Association
2) MLA – Modern Language Association
3) Chicago – Grammar and Punctuation in American English
4) Turabian – Modification of Chicago Style
Notes/Bibliography Style
Author-Date Style
5) IEEE – Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Number in Square Bracket – ex. This theory was discovered in 1987. [13]
Citation Manager
A. Mendeley
B. EndNote
C. Zotero](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/aypg-rm-m6u6-referencing-250429085322-b3ec9473/85/AyPG-RM-Module-6-Unit-6-Referencing-in-Research-8-320.jpg)
![IEEE Style
Source: https://pitt.libguides.com/citationhelp/ieee
It is not necessary to mention an author's name, pages, or publication detils in the in-text citation.
Place bracketed citations - number in a square bracket, e.g. [1]; within the line of text, before
any punctuation, with a space before the first bracket.
Number your sources as you cite them in the paper. Once you have referred to a source and
given it a number, continue to use that number as you cite that source throughout the paper.
When citing multiple sources at once, the preferred method is to list each number separately,
in its own brackets, using a comma or dash between numbers, as such: [1], [3], [5] or [1] - [5].
Examples of in-text citations:
"...end of the line for my research [13]."
"Scholtz [2] has argued that..."
"Several recent studies [3], [4], [15], [16] have suggested that...."](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/aypg-rm-m6u6-referencing-250429085322-b3ec9473/85/AyPG-RM-Module-6-Unit-6-Referencing-in-Research-17-320.jpg)
![IEEE Style
Source: https://pitt.libguides.com/citationhelp/ieee
Material Type Works Cited
Book in print [1] D. Sarunyagate, Ed., Lasers. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1996.
Chapter in book
[2] G. O. Young, "Synthetic structure of industrial plastics," in Plastics, 2nd ed., vol. 3, J.
Peters, Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964, pp. 15-64.
eBook
[3] L. Bass, P. Clements, and R. Kazman, Software Architecture in Practice, 2nd ed.
Reading, MA: Addison Wesley, 2003. [E-book] Available: Safari e-book.
Journal article
[4] G. Liu, K. Y. Lee, and H. F. Jordan, "TDM and TWDM de Bruijn networks and
shufflenets for optical communications," IEEE Trans. Comp., vol. 46, pp. 695-701, June 1997.
eJournal (from
internet)
[6] A. Altun, “Understanding hypertext in the context of reading on the web: Language
learners’ experience,” Current Issues in Education, vol. 6, no. 12, July, 2005. [Online serial].
Available: http://cie.ed.asu.edu/volume6/number12/. [Accessed Dec. 2, 2007].
Thesis/Dissertation
[1] J. O. Williams, “Narrow-band analyzer,” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Elect. Eng., Harvard
Univ., Cambridge, MA, 1993.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/aypg-rm-m6u6-referencing-250429085322-b3ec9473/85/AyPG-RM-Module-6-Unit-6-Referencing-in-Research-18-320.jpg)
AyPG-RM - Module 6 Unit 6 Referencing in Research
- 1. REFERENCING (Module 6 - Unit 6) Prof. Dr. Aniket A. Shilwant BAMS, MD, PhD - Sch. PG Studies Research Methodology (AyPG-RM)
- 2. M6 U6 - Learning Objectives 1. Prepare a synopsis/research protocol/proposal and enlist dissertation contents 2. Manage references using the Reference Manager Tool 3. Comprehend types and structures of different journal articles and prepare articles as per reporting guidelines 4. Identify misconduct in scientific writing and its consequences 5. Differentiate between credible and predatory journals
- 5. Referencing / Citation / Bibliography Sr. No Aspect Referencing Citation Bibliography 1 Definition Practice of acknowledging sources used in academic writing A brief mention of a source within the running text A list of sources consulted for a particular study topic, research whether cited or not. 2 Placement In text Reference list at the end Directly within the running text Usually at the end of the document / manuscript 3 Purpose To give credit original work, authors and allow readers to locate sources To acknowledge specific ideas, quotes or data used in the content To provide comprehensive list of material for further reading 4 Format Various styles – APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, etc Usually includes, Author name and Year of publication Arranged in chronological sequence or alphabetically as mentioned throughout manuscript 5 Usage Essential in Academic and Research writing Essential to avoid Plagiarism and supporting claims, if any. More used in books, reports, articles, journal and research projects
- 6. Reference Manager Tools 1. Zotero – Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media 2. Mendeley – Elsevier 3. EndNote – Clarivate Analytics 4. JabRef – JabRef developers 5. Citavi 6. BibTeX 7. Citationsy 8. BibSonomy 9. RefWorks 10. Papers
- 7. Citation Styles A way of giving credit to individuals for their creative and intellectual works that you utilized to support your research. Used to locate particular sources and combat plagiarism. Typically, a citation includes - the author's name, date, location of the publishing company, journal title, or DOI (Digital Object Identifier). Source of Information, Order of information; IPR Credentials; Punctuation and other formatting. The citation style depends on the academic discipline involved. For example: 1. APA (American Psychological Association) - Education, Psychology, and Sciences 2. MLA (Modern Language Association) – Humanities, Language and Literature 3. Chicago/Turabian style - Business, History, and the Fine Arts
- 8. Citation Styles & Citation Manager Citation Styles 1) APA – American Psychological Association 2) MLA – Modern Language Association 3) Chicago – Grammar and Punctuation in American English 4) Turabian – Modification of Chicago Style Notes/Bibliography Style Author-Date Style 5) IEEE – Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineering Number in Square Bracket – ex. This theory was discovered in 1987. [13] Citation Manager A. Mendeley B. EndNote C. Zotero
- 9. APA – American Psychological Association Material Type In Text Citation Bibliography A book (Sapolsky, 2017) Sapolsky, R. M. (2017). Behave: The biology of humans at our best and worst. Penguin Books. Chapter in an edited book (If the chapter is from an authored book) (Dillard, 2020) Dillard, J. P. (2020). Currents in the study of persuasion. In M. B. Oliver, A. A. Raney, & J. Bryant (Eds.), Media effects: Advances in theory and research (4th ed., pp. 115–129). Routledge. An article in a print journal (Weinstein, 2009) Weinstein, J. (2009). “The market in Plato’s Republic.” Classical Philology, 104(4), 439-458. An article in an electronic journal (Grady et al., 2019) Grady, J. S., Her, M., Moreno, G., Perez, C., & Yelinek, J. (2019). Emotions in storybooks: A comparison of storybooks that represent ethnic and racial groups in the United States. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 8(3), 207– 217. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000185 A website (Bologna, 2019) Bologna, C. (2019, October 31). Why some people with anxiety love watching horror movies. HuffPost. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/anxiety-love- watching-horror-movies_l_5d277587e4b02a5a5d57b59e Source: https://pitt.libguides.com/citationhelp/apa7
- 10. MLA – Modern Language Association Examples - Printed Book – Card, Claudia. The Atrocity Paradigm: A Theory of Evil. Oxford UP, 2005. Article from Printed Journal – Doggart, Julia. "Minding the Gap: Realizing Our Ideal Community Writing Assistance Program." The Community Literacy Journal, vol. 2, no. 1, 2007, pp. 71-80. Article from electronic journal – Sherrard-Johnson, Cherene. "'A Plea for Color': Nella Larsen's Iconography of the Mulatta." American Literature, vol. 76, no. 4, 2004, pp. 833-869, doi:10.1215/00029831-76-4-833. A website page – Del Castillo, Inigo. "How Not to Kill Your Houseplants, According to Botanists." Apartment Therapy, 29 Jan. 2020, www.apartmenttherapy.com/houseplant-tips-botanists-36710191. Source: https://pitt.libguides.com/citationhelp/mla9thedition
- 11. Chicago Style – Notes/Bibliography Style Material Type Notes/Bibliography Style A book in print Note Style: 1. Michael Pollan, The Omnivore's Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals (New York: Penguin, 2006), 99–100. Duplicate Note: 2. Pollan, Omnivore's Dilemma, 3. Bibliography: Pollan, Michael. The Omnivore's Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals. New York: Penguin, 2006. A website Note Style: 1.“Google Privacy Policy,” last modified March 11, 2009, http://www.google.com/intl/en/privacypolicy.html. Duplicate Note: “Google Privacy Policy.” Bibliography: Google. “Google Privacy Policy.” Last modified March 11, 2009. http://www.google.com/intl/en/privacypolicy.html. Source: https://pitt.libguides.com/citationhelp/chicago
- 12. Chicago Style – Notes/Bibliography Style Material Type Notes/Bibliography Style An article in a print journal Note Style: 1. Joshua I. Weinstein, "The Market in Plato’s Republic," Classical Philology 104 (2009): 440. Duplicate Note: 2. Weinstein, "Plato’s Republic," 452–53. Bibliography: Weinstein, Joshua I. "The Market in Plato’s Republic." Classical Philology 104 (2009): 439–58. An article in an electronic journal Note Style: 1. Gueorgi Kossinets and Duncan J. Watts, “Origins of Homophily in an Evolving Social Network,” American Journal of Sociology 115 (2009): 411, accessed February 28, 2010, doi:10.1086/599247. Duplicate Note: Kossinets and Watts, “Origins of Homophily,” 439. Bibliography: Kossinets, Gueorgi, and Duncan J. Watts. “Origins of Homophily in an Evolving Social Network.” American Journal of Sociology 115 (2009): 405–50. Accessed February 28, 2010. doi:10.1086/599247. Source: https://pitt.libguides.com/citationhelp/chicago
- 13. Chicago Style – Author-Date Style Source: https://pitt.libguides.com/citationhelp/chicago Author/Date Style In-text Citation Bibliography A book (Pollan 2006, 99–100) Pollan, Michael. 2006. The Omnivore’s Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals. New York: Penguin. An article in a print journal (Weinstein 2009, 440) Weinstein, Joshua I. 2009. “The Market in Plato’s Republic.” Classical Philology 104:439–58. An article in an electronic journal (Kossinets and Watts 2009, 411) Kossinets, Gueorgi, and Duncan J. Watts. 2009. “Origins of Homophily in an Evolving Social Network.” American Journal of Sociology 115:405–50. Accessed February 28, 2010. doi:10.1086/599247. A website (Google 2009) Google. 2009. “Google Privacy Policy.” Last modified March 11. http://www.google.com/intl/en/privacypolicy.html.
- 14. Turabian Style – Notes-Bibliography Style Source: https://pitt.libguides.com/citationhelp/turabian Material Note Bibliographic Entry Books in print 1. Wendy Doniger, Splitting the Difference (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999), 65. Doniger, Wendy. Splitting the Difference. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999. A website 11. "Privacy Policy,” Privacy & Terms, Google, last modified April 17, 2017, https://www.google.com/policies/priva cy/. Google. “Privacy Policy.” Privacy & Terms. Last modified April 17, 2017. https://www.google.com/policies/privacy/.
- 15. Turabian Style – Notes-Bibliography Style Source: https://pitt.libguides.com/citationhelp/turabian Material Note Bibliographic Entry An article in a print journal 8. John Maynard Smith, “The Origin of Altruism,” Nature 393 (1998): 639. Smith, John Maynard. “The Origin of Altruism.” Nature 393 (1998): 639–40. An article in an electronic journal 33. Campbell Brown. "Consequentialize This," Ethics 121, no. 4 (July 2011): 751, http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/660696. Brown, Campbell. "Consequentialize This." Ethics 121, no. 4 (July 2011): 749- 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/660696.
- 16. Turabian Style – Author-Date Style Source: https://pitt.libguides.com/citationhelp/turabian Material Parenthetical Citation Reference List Books in print (Doniger 1999, 65) Doniger, Wendy. 1999. Splitting the Difference. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. An article in a print journal (Smith 1998, 639) Smith, John Maynard. 1998. "The Origin of Altruism." Nature 393: 639–40. An article in an electronic journal (Kiser 2011, 340) Kiser, Lisa J. 2011. "Silencing the Lambs: Economics, Ethics, and Animal Life in Medieval Franciscan Hagiography." Modern Philology 108, no. 3 (February): 323- 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/658052. A website (Google 2017) Google. 2017. “Privacy Policy.” Privacy & Terms. Last modified April 17, 2017. https://www.google.com/policies/privacy/.
- 17. IEEE Style Source: https://pitt.libguides.com/citationhelp/ieee It is not necessary to mention an author's name, pages, or publication detils in the in-text citation. Place bracketed citations - number in a square bracket, e.g. [1]; within the line of text, before any punctuation, with a space before the first bracket. Number your sources as you cite them in the paper. Once you have referred to a source and given it a number, continue to use that number as you cite that source throughout the paper. When citing multiple sources at once, the preferred method is to list each number separately, in its own brackets, using a comma or dash between numbers, as such: [1], [3], [5] or [1] - [5]. Examples of in-text citations: "...end of the line for my research [13]." "Scholtz [2] has argued that..." "Several recent studies [3], [4], [15], [16] have suggested that...."
- 18. IEEE Style Source: https://pitt.libguides.com/citationhelp/ieee Material Type Works Cited Book in print [1] D. Sarunyagate, Ed., Lasers. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1996. Chapter in book [2] G. O. Young, "Synthetic structure of industrial plastics," in Plastics, 2nd ed., vol. 3, J. Peters, Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964, pp. 15-64. eBook [3] L. Bass, P. Clements, and R. Kazman, Software Architecture in Practice, 2nd ed. Reading, MA: Addison Wesley, 2003. [E-book] Available: Safari e-book. Journal article [4] G. Liu, K. Y. Lee, and H. F. Jordan, "TDM and TWDM de Bruijn networks and shufflenets for optical communications," IEEE Trans. Comp., vol. 46, pp. 695-701, June 1997. eJournal (from internet) [6] A. Altun, “Understanding hypertext in the context of reading on the web: Language learners’ experience,” Current Issues in Education, vol. 6, no. 12, July, 2005. [Online serial]. Available: http://cie.ed.asu.edu/volume6/number12/. [Accessed Dec. 2, 2007]. Thesis/Dissertation [1] J. O. Williams, “Narrow-band analyzer,” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Elect. Eng., Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA, 1993.
- 19. Thank You All !!! Dr. Aniket A. Shilwant Professor Sharir Kriya Dept. GJP-IASR, CVM University Email – ayuraniket18@gmail.com http://ayugjac.edu.in/Staff_CV.aspx?dl=dn3Mja19480dn3Mja19 http://scholar.google.co.in/citations?user=636K2sMAAAAJ&hl=en https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Aniket_Shilwant