![Chideock^ Dorset. 431 your honour's direction shall be,
both for the apprehension of the said Francis Anderston as for the
further punishment of these lewd persons, spreaders of such news,
we leave to your honourable and wise consideration ; and so humbly
taking our leave, &c. Dorchester, October lo, 1586. P.S. — We are
further to let your honour understand that our gaols do now grow to
be over-glutted with recusants, and that the county begins to be
shrewdly infected in sundry places by their obstinacies, if some godly
course be not taken by your honour for the removing of them to the
prisons above, or some sharper punishment. For now, by means that
the common gaols are rented by persons of no credit that live only
upon the gain thereof, all justice is subverted, and Papists live at
ease and have their conventicles in despite of us, do what we can.'*
Do7n. Eliz.y undated, 1586. Thomas Brown^s directions. Inquire at
Chidwick in Dorsetshire for one John Streckley (commonly to be
found at Holcome's house in that town). If he be absent, this
Holcome, after conference, will send for Mr. Charles Souch and his
wife, who remain secretly at a house of Sir John Arundell at
Chidwick. Holcome is their scout watch and serveth their turn,
carrying himself commonly under colour of going to church, for
which he has a dispensation. Many recusants often meet at that
house of Sir John Arundell. When I was at Chidwick, John Stretchley
was newly sent into Cornwall to fetch a priest to marry Sir John
Sidnam's son to Mr. Troblefeld's daughter, of Beare, Dorset.^ Mrs.
Troblefeld is a notable Papist, a Bosgrave by name ; has three
brothers of the same sort, two beyond seas ; the third and worst
worketh about London, frequenting sometimes the Marshalsea or
the Fleet [prisons], bearing and bringing news, and draweth many to
a seditious mind.^ At East Brent in Somerset dwells John
Brackenbury, sometime servant to Dr. Watson of Rheims, now
teaches school at Brent, and serves as an instrument of the Papists ;
this fellow is accounted singular in magic, and of late practised the
same with an Irish priest that dwells within a mile of Brent. [T. B.
had much talk with these, and relates John Brackenbury's
directions.] 4 In the diary of W. Whiteway, Esq., Dorchester (British](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/52203-250725234017-c15c2c20/85/Balanced-Scorecard-Diagnostics-Maintaining-Maximum-Performance-1st-Edition-Paul-R-Niven-37-320.jpg)
![432 The College of SL Thomas of Canterbury, Advised me
to take a boat at Uphill to pass to South Wales and carry a letter to
Sir Edward Stradling (whose wife is sister to Gage of Forley, Sussex),
who would gladly entertain me and bring me to the good Earl of
Worcester, to whom I should be very welcome. Sent me to one
Mocham in Brent Marsh, steward to the late Lord Thomas Paulett ;
he was then, however, absent in London, so I promised Brackenbury
to return that way ; he promised to meet at Sir Edward Stradling's.
He wished me to confer with Mr. William Falconer, dweUing within a
mile of Salisbury ; a rare man of special account among the
Catholics, both at home and abroad.' We now give some extracts
from examinations of persons in this neighbourhood preserved
among the State Papers in Mr. Weld's collection. These are historical
curiosities well illustrating the state x)f society, the strictness of the
spy system, and the constant correspondence, even upon apparently
the most trivial matters, that was kept up with the Privy Council from
all parts of the country; a state of things which was heightened by
the fear of Spain. "1587, February 13. George Gale, Justice of the
Peace, Devon, to Bromley, Chancellor, and Walsingham, Secretary.
"... Being very lately informed that one John Easton, gentleman, a
man to me unknown, now at London, and retaining towards Sir John
Arundell, knight, at his last being here in the country . . . who is
often in Morcharde Epi. parish, Devon, where he was born, and hath
a certain mansion house and farm, did not only neglect and refuse
to repair unto his parish church, or any other on the Sabbothe days
to hear divine service there, but also had delivered certain
dangerous speeches, tending to withdraw her Majesty's subjects
from their allegiance." [He then sent for the several parties who had
been the informers, living at Morcharde Epi., about five miles from
his mansion, and examined them] " in as secret a manner as I
could," [even writing out the depositions himself, which] " in
discharge of mine own conscience and for the better performance of
my dutiful service," [he sends to their honours.] /. The Exammatioii
of Roger Beare, clerk^ parson of Mor chard Epi (11 Feby. 29 Eliz,
1587). " One John Easton, late of Morchard Epi, gentleman, servant](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/52203-250725234017-c15c2c20/85/Balanced-Scorecard-Diagnostics-Maintaining-Maximum-Performance-1st-Edition-Paul-R-Niven-39-320.jpg)
Balanced Scorecard Diagnostics Maintaining Maximum Performance 1st Edition Paul R. Niven
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- 5. Balanced Scorecard Diagnostics Maintaining Maximum Performance 1st Edition Paul R. Niven Digital Instant Download Author(s): Paul R. Niven ISBN(s): 9780471746904, 0471746908 Edition: 1 File Details: PDF, 3.21 MB Year: 2005 Language: english
- 6. Balanced Scorecard Diagnostics Maintaining Maximum Performance PAUL R. NIVEN John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ffirs_niven.qxd 2/8/05 10:44AM Pageiii
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- 8. Balanced Scorecard Diagnostics ffirs_niven.qxd 2/8/05 10:44 AM Page i
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- 10. Balanced Scorecard Diagnostics Maintaining Maximum Performance PAUL R. NIVEN John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ffirs_niven.qxd 2/8/05 10:44AM Pageiii
- 11. This book is printed on acid-free paper. ∞ Copyright © 2005 by Paul R. Niven.All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. Published simultaneously in Canada. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400, fax 978-646-8600, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, 201-748-6011, fax 201-748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permission. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty:While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials.The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation.You should consult with a profes- sional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. For general information on our other products and services, or technical support, please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at 800-762-2974, outside the United States at 317-572-3993 or fax 317-572-4002. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. For more information about Wiley products, visit our web site at www.wiley.com. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: Niven, Paul R. Balanced scorecard diagnostics : maintaining maximum performance / Paul R. Niven. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN-13 978-0-471-68123-7 ISBN-10 0-471-68123-7 (cloth) 1. Organizational effectiveness—Measurement. 2. Performance—Measurement. 3. Industrial productivity—Measurement. I. Title. HD58.9.N578 2005 658.4′01—dc22 2004025807 Printed in the United States of America. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ffirs_niven.qxd 2/8/05 10:44 AM Page iv
- 12. To the many organizations, especially those I am privileged to have worked with, dedicated to the use and ongoing evolution of the Balanced Scorecard. ffirs_niven.qxd 2/8/05 10:44 AM Page v
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- 14. vii Contents Preface xi Acknowledgments xvii chapter The Current State of the Balanced Scorecard The Road Ahead 1 Why the Balanced Scorecard Has Risen to Prominence 2 The Balanced Scorecard 12 Is the Balanced Scorecard Here to Stay? 17 chapter 2 First Things First 23 Why Balanced Scorecard and Why Now? 23 Who Owns the Balanced Scorecard?: Exploring Executive Sponsorship 30 Self-Assessment Questions 38 chapter 3 Before You Measure 41 Your Balanced Scorecard Team 41 Balanced Scorecard Training 48 Getting the Word Out: Communication Planning 50 Terminology and the Balanced Scorecard 55 Your Balanced Scorecard Implementation Plan 57 ftoc_niven.qxd 2/8/05 10:49 AM Page vii
- 15. chapter 4 Strategy Maps 63 Developing the Strategy Map 65 PersonalizingYour Strategy Map 86 chapter 5 Measures, Targets, and Initiatives 93 Performance Measures 93 Adding Meaning to Measurement through the Use of Targets 110 Mapping and Prioritizing Organizational Initiatives 116 chapter 6 Cascading the Balanced Scorecard to Drive Organizational Alignment 127 Developing Implementation Principles for Cascading Success 129 Understanding the Highest-Level Balanced Scorecard 130 Cascading Is Based on Influence 131 Reviewing Cascaded Balanced Scorecards 135 chapter 7 Key Balanced Scorecard Process Linkages: Budgeting, Compensation, and Corporate Governance 139 Strategic Resource Allocation:The Balanced Scorecard and Budgeting 139 Linking Pay with Performance:The Balanced Scorecard and Compensation 147 The Balanced Scorecard and Corporate Governance 155 chapter 8 Sharing Balanced Scorecard Results: Reporting and Strategy-Centered Management Meetings 165 Reporting Balanced Scorecard Results 166 The Strategy-Centered Management Meeting 171 Appendix 8A: Choosing Balanced Scorecard Software 176 viii PREFACE ftoc_niven.qxd 2/8/05 10:49 AM Page viii
- 16. chapter 9 Building the Balanced Scorecard at Aliant, Inc. 185 Pouring a Foundation for Balanced Scorecard Success 186 Aliant’s Strategy Map, Performance Measures, Targets, and Initiatives 191 Cascading the Balanced Scorecard to Build Organizational Alignment 195 Reporting Balanced Scorecard Results 197 Everybody Wins: Linking the Balanced Scorecard to Incentive Compensation 198 Aliant’s Balanced Scorecard Results 200 index 201 PREFACE ix ftoc_niven.qxd 2/8/05 10:49 AM Page ix
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- 18. xi Preface The Balanced Scorecard drumbeat has grown increasingly loud and clear over the past 14 years, supplying a soundtrack of performance management wisdom to accompany us on our journey into the new and uncharted territory of the knowledge economy. The tool’s beginnings were humble enough, based on the notion that our traditional performance measurement systems—featuring an overwhelming reliance on financial metrics—were ill-suited to meet the demands of a modern business world characterized by value creation stemming from intangible assets such as employee know-how, deep customer relationships, and cultures capable of innovation and change.The notion was simple, but the ramifications profound. Organizations around the globe quickly began to embrace the Balanced Scorecard system.The idea of four distinct yet balanced perspectives of performance resonated with an enthusiastic audience weaned on shaky financial yardsticks used to quantify results for the past hundred years. Co-created by Robert Kaplan and David Norton, the Balanced Scorecard has grown tremendously both in stature and adoption since its inception; it has been hailed as one of the 75 most influential business ideas of the 20th century and relied on in thousands of organizations spanning every conceivable type and size across the globe. It began as a measurement system, translating an organization’s strategy into an interconnected set of financial and nonfinancial measures used to communicate strategy, build alignment, inform decision making, power perform- ance management, and prioritize resource allocation.The early adopters of the model derived benefits from this measures-based application but then took it to another level by forging linkages between the Balanced Scorecard and critical management processes such as budgeting, compensation, and, more recently, cor- porate governance. With that, the label of strategic management system was thrust on the Balanced Scorecard, and its legions of practitioners continued to grow. With the advent of strategy maps in the late 1990s, Kaplan and Norton fpref_niven.qxd 2/8/05 10:47 AM Page xi
- 19. wrote yet another innovative chapter in the deceptively simple creation’s life, and it gained a place in the pantheon of management concepts. But wait, stop the music. Recent findings suggest that as many as half of all Balanced Scorecard users aren’t achieving the results they hoped for, and a signif- icant number still rate their performance measurement systems as “adequate.”1,2 So where have we gone astray? Is the Balanced Scorecard system fundamentally flawed, or are the application and implementation practices of certain organiza- tions resulting in these unflattering statistics? This book purports that the Scorecard system remains a robust framework, very capable of helping organiza- tions navigate the challenging seas they face in an ocean of competition and changing dynamics. If anything, the theoretical constructs on which the model is based have grown stronger, as evidenced by the many enhancements made to the model over the past years: from measurement to strategic management to com- munication and strategy execution. The trouble, I would posit, lies in the methods used to implement the Balanced Scorecard. Many organizations have been lured by the seductive sim- plicity of the Scorecard model, believing it could be easily implemented and produce breakthrough results with a minimum of care and feeding. Un- fortunately, that is not the case, as the Balanced Scorecard above all other descriptors represents a change initiative: a change in the way you measure, and if utilized to full advantage, a change in the way you manage. As we all know, change is difficult, and hence it is not uncommon for organizations to struggle during their Scorecard implementation period and ultimately question the suc- cess of their decision.Troubled implementations stem from any number of defi- ciencies: a lack of executive sponsorship to reinforce the Scorecard’s value within the organization, tired metrics reflecting the past with no regard to the drivers of future success, and management systems that continue to reward unbalanced, largely financial, performance, to list but a few.This is a high-stakes game with significant implications for your success; organizations spend thou- sands of hours per year on their performance management systems, and there- fore they must derive payback from this enormous investment of human and financial resources. I wrote my first book, Balanced Scorecard Step by Step: Maximizing Performance and Maintaining Results (Wiley, 2001), to fill a perceived void between Balanced Scorecard theory and practice. Once again I sense an emerging void—between those questioning the efficacy of the Balanced Scorecard, based on unsuccessful implementation attempts, and what I perceive as the reality: that the Balanced Scorecard framework remains sound, but must be instituted with rigor and dis- cipline if you expect to garner results.This book has been written to provide the tools and techniques necessary to ensure that you’re maximizing the benefits of your Balanced Scorecard system. xii PREFACE fpref_niven.qxd 2/8/05 10:47 AM Page xii
- 20. Over the past 10 years, first as a practitioner and later as a consultant, researcher, and author, I’ve had a front row seat from which to view the growth of the Balanced Scorecard from New Age measurement device to powerful communication tool to transformative strategic management system. Working with organizations on several continents, I’ve witnessed highly successful Balanced Scorecard programs built to withstand the considerable vicissitudes of our challenging markets, and those whose foundation is so weak that a subtle wind of trouble could send it toppling down.Those experiences as a participant observer revealed several implementation practices I deem as essential if you hope to effectively install the Balanced Scorecard and have it produce the break- through results it has generated for many well-chronicled success stories.Those essentials form the basis for this book, and I believe they are capable of both transforming troubled Scorecard implementations and further strengthening successful initiatives. what you will find in this book Breaking new theoretical ground in the Balanced Scorecard field was not my purpose in writing this book; that task is proficiently attended to by many schol- ars and researchers pushing the academic envelope of the framework.My aim is to provide you with time- and field-tested principles you can use to assess your Balanced Scorecard implementation, along with ideas and recommendations for building a system that will provide results today and sustain that success for many years to come. The nine-chapter text begins with an examination of the current state of the Balanced Scorecard framework.You’ll learn why it has risen to such heights of prominence, receive a refresher course on Scorecard fundamentals, and have the chance to ponder whether the Balanced Scorecard is here to stay.Any guesses as to my answer? You’ll have to read on to find out. Chapter Two is titled “First Things First,” and examines the foundational elements that must be in place if you hope to effectively employ the Balanced Scorecard. Included in the discus- sion are determining why the Scorecard is right for your organization and the critical importance of executive sponsorship to this and any change initiative.At the end of Chapter Two, and each succeeding chapter, you’ll find self-assessment questions that can be used to critically examine your implementation efforts. I encourage you to take the time to carefully reflect on these queries and use them as the basis for group discussions focused on propelling your Scorecard initiative forward.The theme of “BeforeYou Measure” continues in Chapter Three, as we delve into a critical examination of your Balanced Scorecard team, training and education regimen, and communication planning. PREFACE xiii fpref_niven.qxd 2/8/05 10:47 AM Page xiii
- 21. Chapter Four signals a dramatic transition from laying the groundwork for Scorecard success to reaping rewards through the development of a strategy map. You’ll be provided with provocative questions you can apply to the objectives appearing in each of your four perspectives and will also discover how personal- izing your map can often spell the difference between user apathy and acceptance. The chapter also supplies diagnostics to review the number of objectives on your map and examines the cause-and-effect linkages that tell your strategic story. Measures, targets, and initiatives are the subject of Chapter Five.Testing your cur- rent performance measures, questioning the number of measures appearing on your Scorecard, and the vital concept of using measure results to learn—not pun- ish—will all be extensively covered. Many organizations find it difficult to set appropriate targets, thus you will find direction on target setting and sources of target information.The chapter concludes by reviewing how initiatives may be mapped to Scorecard objectives, ensuring that your resources—both human and financial—are directed toward the execution of strategy. For many organizations, the high-level Corporate Scorecard is simply the first in a series of aligned Scorecards providing all employees with the opportunity to demonstrate how they contribute to overall results.This concept of cascading is the topic of Chapter Six. Cascading principles will be supplied, along with tools to gauge the degree of alignment among Scorecards spanning your organization. In Chapter Seven, we examine the linkage between the Balanced Scorecard and budgeting, compensation, and corporate governance. I’ll share proven techniques to effectively forge these linkages and outline how many companies are using the Balanced Scorecard to gauge the performance of their Boards. Sharing Balanced Scorecard results is our focus in Chapter Eight. Here we’ll look at reporting mechanisms—software and lower-tech methods—and also investigate how the Balanced Scorecard can become the centerpiece of your management review process.The book concludes in Chapter Nine with a case study of Aliant, a Canadian telecommunications company that exemplifies many of the principles shared throughout the book. Eleanor Roosevelt once remarked, “Learn from the mistakes of others.You can’t live long enough to make them all yourself.”3 Growth and development in all facets of life result from a willingness to acknowledge our shortcomings and work diligently to overcome them. So it is with the Balanced Scorecard. My hope is that you will employ the principles and lessons found in this book to learn from those who have walked this path before you, and in so doing fortify your Balanced Scorecard for many years to come. Paul R. Niven San Diego, California October, 2004 xiv PREFACE fpref_niven.qxd 2/8/05 10:47 AM Page xiv
- 22. notes 1. Edward A. Barrows, Jr., “Assessing Your Balanced Scorecard’s Performance,” Balanced Scorecard Report, May–June 2004, p. 15. 2. Andy Neely, Chris Adams, and Mike Kennerley, The Performance Prism (London: Prentice-Hall, 2002). 3. Quoted in: Jef Nance, Conquering Deception (Kansas City, MO: Irvin-Benham, 2000). PREFACE xv fpref_niven.qxd 2/8/05 10:47 AM Page xv
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- 24. xvii Acknowledgments Ifeel so fortunate to have had the opportunity to write this, my third book on the subject of the Balanced Scorecard, a topic that first ignited my passion a decade ago and continues to fuel a spirit of inquiry and discovery within me. Of course, an endeavor of this nature is never a singular task, but reflects the work, experience, wisdom, and advice of countless individuals all sharing a fundamen- tal belief in the principles espoused in this text. Let me begin by thanking some of the many people I’ve had the great pleasure to serve in a consulting capacity over the past years, and who graciously provided me with a real-world laboratory in which to test my Scorecard hypotheses and theories. From Anheuser-Busch in St. Louis, my thanks go out to Thomasine Joyce. From the U.S. Navy, Captain Bill Wilcox, Commander Mike Sumrall, and Captain Ray Berube. Stan Romanoff at Brother Industries, David Taran and Stephen Pilch of Divco West Properties, Bill Mao and Annette Hess at the Orange County Transportation Agency, Peter Murphy and Sue Patel from EpicData, JohnWilcox of WorldVision, andTom Lynch andVicki Lynn from the Worcester Polytechnic Institute. Special thanks go out to the many people I’ve had the privilege to work with at Aliant in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. In par- ticular, Jay Forbes, David Rathbun,Allan MacDonald, Dennis Barnhart, Jennifer Dicks, and David Blades. Many thanks as well to Robert Kaplan and David Norton, whose work and spirit of discovery are a great inspiration to me.Vik Torpunuri of e2e Solutions has been a wonderful friend and strong supporter of my work, and I thank him for both.Thank you as well to Ray Smilor and Rob Fuller of the Beyster Institute in La Jolla, California, who gave me the opportunity to join them in promoting entrepreneurship, highlighted by a trip to Russia during which I delivered a series of Balanced Scorecard workshops. Finally,to my wife Lois:We recently cel- ebrated our tenth anniversary, and I thank her for the love, support, and encour- agement she’s provided every day of our life together. flast_niven.qxd 2/8/05 10:46 AM Page xvii
- 25. flast_niven.qxd 2/8/05 10:46 AM Page xviii
- 26. Another Random Scribd Document with Unrelated Content
- 27. 426 The College of St. Thomas of Canterbury. ground. This is a fisher tOwn distant a mile from the shore. Arundel of Lanheron in Cornwall is lord of the town, and has a manor-place and park there. In the farther end of this town I passed over a brooke that thence resorteth to the sea. From Chidwick to Bridport by corn, pasture, and wood, two miles. Chidiock dwelled by Bridport at Chidiock, and there is a castelle or a faire house, and from Chidiocke cam to Great Arundelle in partition. And the Chidiockes dwelt sometym at Cawndel. This manor-place is now Lord Stourton's by partition of lands bytwixt Arundell and him of Chidiocke's heirs." At the end of the village, a little to the north, stood this ancient seat of the Chideocks and Arundells, erected by the former family. It was a stately pile, built like a castle on a square piece of ground deeply moated on all sides, it covered about an acre and a half, and appears to have had a tower at each angle, but the whole has been pulled down for many years. The manor came into the family of the Arundells of Wardour through Sir John Arundell of Lanherne, Cornwall, descended from a noble and ancient race of knights, who since the Conquest were known in their own county by the name of the " great Arundells." Sir John married Katherine, widow of WiUiam Stafford (father of Humphrey, Earl of Devon), and the youngest of the two daughters of Sir John Chideock, the last of the family. The following sketch is taken from the Edinburgh Catholic Magazine for August, 1838, supplied, we believe, by the late Dr. Oliver. " Of Chideock Castle, once the sanctuary of loyalty and religion, a vestige is now scarcely discernible, though the site bears the name of ' The ruins.' The gateway was taken down in 1 741; a tower was partially standing in 1756. The fabric seems to have been erected at the commencement of the fifteenth century by the knightly family of Chideock. The situation chosen for the castle was equally beautiful and commanding. During the civil wars it was regarded by both parties as a post of considerable importance. King Charles I., in September, 1644, is known to have stationed a hundred men in Chideock Castle. In the December following, as we learn from John Viccars* Parliamentarie Chronicle^ ' Major General Holborn drove
- 28. the Royalists out of that pernicious nest, and took some of them prisoners.' The Royalists, however, returned soon after, for in March, 1645, a party of dragoons from Lyme, in the service of the Parliament, took the castle, * strongly . fortified with a
- 29. C/ddeocky Dorset, 427 fair moat about it/ and carried off two pieces of ordnance and fifty prisoners. 'A garrison of two hundred men was now appointed/ says Viccars, ' which compelled contributions from at least eleven adjacent parishes, which had hitherto paid the King's army.' It fell again into the hands of the Royalists. But about July 29, 1645, a detachment from Lyme retook it, Svith one hundred prisoners, thirty horses, three barrels of powder, and good store of provision and ammunition.' According to tradition the enemy had battered it from Haddon Hill. Hutchins' does justice to the incorruptible devotion of its Catholic owner and the defenders of the royal cause. 'Seven/ he says, 'of the neighbours had their estates sequestered in 1645; they were no doubt concerned in defending Chideock House, and were thus punished for their loyalty.'^ In the adjoining churchyard of St. Giles', under an altar tomb, lies one of the sufferers, Thomas Daniel, who died January 6, 167c, 3et. (i(). His wife Margaret survived "him until January 30, 1689, set. (i(). What interesting details this old couple could have furnished of the seizure and dismantling of the castle ! " In An inventory of all and singular the goods, cattle, and chatties of John Arundell, late of Lanherne in the county of Cornwall, Esquire, deceased, taken and appraised by William Collmer and Richard Orchard on August 7, 1633, at his house at Chideock in the county of Dorset, the sum total (including the library, valued only at ^3 6s. 8d., and the plate at ;£"iio) amounted to £,^'J2 i6s. But it is so far curious as recording the number of apartments in the said house or castle before its demolition, viz. — Mr. Arundell's lodging chamber. Mr. Edward Jernegan's ditto. The little chamber on the back of young Mrs. Arundell's. The little dining-room and the next room. The chamber next old Mr. Arundell's closet. The great dining-room. In the "turretless tower " a chamber, and " the chapell chamber. ' * History of Dorset^ vol. i. p. 326. = This Catliolic owner was Sir John Arundell, who generally resided at Lanherne. In a letter (written by a Parliamentarian), dated October 21, 1642, now in the State Paper Office, this Mr. Arundell is said to have "the greatest forces here, and is able to raise more than half the gentlemen in Cornwall, and he
- 30. alone was the first that began the rebellion there. There hath been lately landed at some creek in that county ten or more Seminary priests, newly come out of Flanders, and harboured in Mr. Arundell's house. They are viereiless creatures ; and there is great way laid for the apprehension of them " (Oliver).
- 31. 428 The College of St, Thomas of Canterbury, In the north tower three chambers. Mrs. Dorothy Arundell's chamber. The chamber below ye garret. Mary's chamber. Young Mr. Arundell's lodging chamber, and the little chamber within. Old Mr. Arundell's closet. My lady's chamber, with the next ditto. The chamber in the midst of the forecourt. "In other rooms " were five ordinary bedsteads. " Mention is also made of the buttery, kitchen, pastry- room, dairy, cheese-room, wash-house, brewhouse, bakehouse, and stables. " Mr. Hutchins 3 informs his readers that several Popish priests were executed at Dorchester ; he might have said that all probably were chaplains at Chideock Castle. The first was the Reverend Thomas Pilchard, a native of Battle in Sussex, but of whom the topographer furnishes no details. Even Dr. Challoner could glean but scanty information of this worthy clergyman for his Memoirs of Missionary Priests. A manuscript of his (Mr. Pilchard's) contemporary and intimate friend, Father William Warford, S.J., supplies some particulars. ' Mr. Pilchard was a Fellow of Baliol College, Oxon, and M.A. ; but, abandoning every worldly prospect of fame and interest, he repaired to Rheims, where he gave great edification by his singular modesty, candour, habitual recollection, and unaffected piety. In 1583 he received Holy Orders, and was sent to the English vineyard, where he laboured so commendably that I know no priest in all the west of England that equalled his virtues; and truly his memory is still in benediction there. By his unwearied zeal he gained many souls to God, he was constantly employed in. preaching the Divine Word and administering the sacraments, yet his zeal was tempered with the most engaging sweetness and affability, and he was justly regarded as the oracle of that province. Some business calling him to London with his bosom friend Mr. Jessop, a worthy Catholic gentleman, he was discovered in Fleet Street by a person who knew him formerly at Oxford, was consigned over to the officers of justice, and conveyed back on horseback in company with his friend, with their hands tied behind them, and lodged in the county prison of Dorchester. Severe to himself, Mr. Pilchard followed
- 32. his custom of sleeping on the floor, even in his chains, giving up 3 History of Dorset ^ vol. i. p. 72.
- 33. Ckideocky Dorset, 429 his bed to his poor fellow-prisoners. Many of these unfortunate captives were reconciled by his zealous ministry to the Catholic Church. When he received sentence of death, a cook or butcher was prevailed upon by the offer of a large premium to carry the sentence, as in cases of treason, into execution. The martyr was scarcely hung up when the rope broke, and the holy man stood erect on his feet under the gallows. The hired executioner was now urged on by the sheriff's men to do his duty, and at length ran like a madman against his victim, plunging his knife deep into his belly, amidst the groans and murmurs of the bystanders. Mr. Pilchard, who was perfectly collected, turning his head towards the sheriff, meekly said, "Sir, is this your justice?" Then the executioner, summoning courage, seized the priest, dashed him upon the ground, opened his body and with savage brutality tore out his bowels.' Father Warford adds that all who were accessory to this legal murder fell into some remarkable calamity, or came to an untimely end ; that Mr. Pilchard converted the malefactor who died with him on March 21, 1587; that the above-mentioned Mr. Jessop, who had not attained his fortieth year, died shortly after in Dorchester gaol, and was at his own express desire privately buried in the night time, proxime ad corpus D. Pitchar di in agris ifi loco supplicii ; that William Pike, a carpenter (who had formerly on his return from Dorchester met Mr. Pilchard on the road and had been converted by him), on being offered his life if he would recant, boldly replied, * It is unbecoming of a son of Mr. Pilchard's to abjure his religion;* and so this spiritual child followed his Father to martyrdom, being butchered alive in 1591. Father Warford describes his reverend friend as above the middle size, that he had a cast in his eyes, but not at all disagreeably so, that he had a little beard about the mouth and chin, that his manners were most sweet and sanctified, that he was frugal in his diet, but, what he used most to admire in him, he was always the same. At the tmie of his martyrdom he was between thirty and forty years of age. " In another manuscript," continues Dr. Oliver, " I read that about the year 1588, 'at Dorchester, died in prison an old priest and John
- 34. Jessop, gentleman, above-mentioned ; Mrs. Tremaine, and divers others.' I learn also from this manuscript that a pious Catholic artisan of the name of Morecock was taken on a Sunday in Dorsetshire, committed to gaol, and died before the year 1591.
- 35. 430 The College of St, Tkojzas of Canterbury " For the tragical execution of Father John Cornelius, S.J., on July 4, 1594, who was apprehended at Chideock Castle on the second Sunday after Easter that year, together with Thomas Bosgrave, a gentleman of good family, and two devout servants, Terence or John Carey and Patrick Salmon ; as also for the worse than cannibal ferocity exhibited towards the Reverend Hugh Green {alias Ferdinand Brookes) on August 19, 1642, set. 57, who for nearly thirty years had been priest at Chideock, and probably had occupied ' the chapil chamber,' see Bishop Challoner's Missionary PriestsT So far Dr. Oliver. Frequent mention is made in the State Papers (Public Record Office) of Chideock and the county of Dorset generally, which appears to have abounded in recusants, and to have been favoured with a more than ordinary share in the troubles and persecutions of the time. A valuable collection of these papers has been formed by Charles Weld, Esquire, of Chideock House, from which he has kindly allowed the following extracts to be made. Dom. Eliz.j October, 1586. Sir John Horsey and Sir George Trenchard to Secretary Walsingha77t. There hath been lately brought before us two suspicious persons, who are named Thomas Woodcock of Chideock, who confesses that he was hired to go to London with Charles Towch (or Souch), a recusant, and carried up letters and messages from Thornas Turberville and his wife, of Beer Regis, to Sir John Arundell and others in London, and at his return brought letters to several people. At his coming from Sir John's lodgings in Fleet Street, one of his servants, named Francis Anderston, delivered to him a frieze jerkin, close wrapped up, directed with a superscription upon a card to John Henvosse, servant to Mr. George Arundell at Beere, in which was inclosed a letter, without a superscription or any man's hand to it, containing these v/ords : " Brother, after my hearty commendations the 20th day of this month of September, at the upper end of Holborne there was the bloodiest execution of the goodliest and godliest gentlemen that ever suffered in England," and with all the names of those that suffered therein comprised, with other things which now this examinant remembereth not. This Henvosse, being
- 36. examined, confessed that he received the said jerkin and letter from his said brother Francis Anderston, and that he knew it came from him. Further, this Thomas Woodcock asking him what was therein contained, this Henvosse answered him, " News of the late execution ;" which being made known to others at length it came to those that misHked of it. The said Woodcock then, seeing he was like to be had in question, threw it into the fire, whereby we could be no further informed in the matter, but only by the relation of the minister of the parish and their own confession, which is as much as is here set down. What
- 37. Chideock^ Dorset. 431 your honour's direction shall be, both for the apprehension of the said Francis Anderston as for the further punishment of these lewd persons, spreaders of such news, we leave to your honourable and wise consideration ; and so humbly taking our leave, &c. Dorchester, October lo, 1586. P.S. — We are further to let your honour understand that our gaols do now grow to be over-glutted with recusants, and that the county begins to be shrewdly infected in sundry places by their obstinacies, if some godly course be not taken by your honour for the removing of them to the prisons above, or some sharper punishment. For now, by means that the common gaols are rented by persons of no credit that live only upon the gain thereof, all justice is subverted, and Papists live at ease and have their conventicles in despite of us, do what we can.'* Do7n. Eliz.y undated, 1586. Thomas Brown^s directions. Inquire at Chidwick in Dorsetshire for one John Streckley (commonly to be found at Holcome's house in that town). If he be absent, this Holcome, after conference, will send for Mr. Charles Souch and his wife, who remain secretly at a house of Sir John Arundell at Chidwick. Holcome is their scout watch and serveth their turn, carrying himself commonly under colour of going to church, for which he has a dispensation. Many recusants often meet at that house of Sir John Arundell. When I was at Chidwick, John Stretchley was newly sent into Cornwall to fetch a priest to marry Sir John Sidnam's son to Mr. Troblefeld's daughter, of Beare, Dorset.^ Mrs. Troblefeld is a notable Papist, a Bosgrave by name ; has three brothers of the same sort, two beyond seas ; the third and worst worketh about London, frequenting sometimes the Marshalsea or the Fleet [prisons], bearing and bringing news, and draweth many to a seditious mind.^ At East Brent in Somerset dwells John Brackenbury, sometime servant to Dr. Watson of Rheims, now teaches school at Brent, and serves as an instrument of the Papists ; this fellow is accounted singular in magic, and of late practised the same with an Irish priest that dwells within a mile of Brent. [T. B. had much talk with these, and relates John Brackenbury's directions.] 4 In the diary of W. Whiteway, Esq., Dorchester (British
- 38. Museum), is the following entry — "May 29, 1624. This somer the common gaol in Dorchester in the East Street was finished." 5 In Records, vol. i. p. 135, is a letter from Father Sanders (in the western parts) to Father Edward Parre, in which the following mention is made of a Lady Sydnam— "Newes there is none, but the exorbitant marriage of the Lady Sydnam, who is married to the Lord Gray, a Scottish Viscount, she being of the age of fower score and hee of fower and twentie." In Gee's list of "young women within these 2 or 3 yeares last past transported to the nunneries beyond the seas," we find " Mrs. Sydnam." ^ This was most probably the family of Bosgrave, of whom one was Father James Bosgrave, S.J., and another the fellow-martyr of Father Cornelius. The "worst" about London, engaged in his charitable and perillous labours in London, may have been the brother alluded to in the Life of Father James Bosgrave, who met him in London (See Life of Father Bosgrave, p. 281).
- 39. 432 The College of SL Thomas of Canterbury, Advised me to take a boat at Uphill to pass to South Wales and carry a letter to Sir Edward Stradling (whose wife is sister to Gage of Forley, Sussex), who would gladly entertain me and bring me to the good Earl of Worcester, to whom I should be very welcome. Sent me to one Mocham in Brent Marsh, steward to the late Lord Thomas Paulett ; he was then, however, absent in London, so I promised Brackenbury to return that way ; he promised to meet at Sir Edward Stradling's. He wished me to confer with Mr. William Falconer, dweUing within a mile of Salisbury ; a rare man of special account among the Catholics, both at home and abroad.' We now give some extracts from examinations of persons in this neighbourhood preserved among the State Papers in Mr. Weld's collection. These are historical curiosities well illustrating the state x)f society, the strictness of the spy system, and the constant correspondence, even upon apparently the most trivial matters, that was kept up with the Privy Council from all parts of the country; a state of things which was heightened by the fear of Spain. "1587, February 13. George Gale, Justice of the Peace, Devon, to Bromley, Chancellor, and Walsingham, Secretary. "... Being very lately informed that one John Easton, gentleman, a man to me unknown, now at London, and retaining towards Sir John Arundell, knight, at his last being here in the country . . . who is often in Morcharde Epi. parish, Devon, where he was born, and hath a certain mansion house and farm, did not only neglect and refuse to repair unto his parish church, or any other on the Sabbothe days to hear divine service there, but also had delivered certain dangerous speeches, tending to withdraw her Majesty's subjects from their allegiance." [He then sent for the several parties who had been the informers, living at Morcharde Epi., about five miles from his mansion, and examined them] " in as secret a manner as I could," [even writing out the depositions himself, which] " in discharge of mine own conscience and for the better performance of my dutiful service," [he sends to their honours.] /. The Exammatioii of Roger Beare, clerk^ parson of Mor chard Epi (11 Feby. 29 Eliz, 1587). " One John Easton, late of Morchard Epi, gentleman, servant
- 40. and sometime ward of Sir John Arundell, and brought up in his house from his youth, and now being a very tall gentleman, and of 7 Probably the father, or a relative, of Father John Falconer, whose life is given below.
- 41. Ckideock, Dorset. 433 great courage, having a mansion house within the said parish, doth oftentimes repair thither," . . . sometimes for the greater part of a year. ..." Although he hath been eftsoons admonished and exhorted by this examinant, to repair and come unto the said parish church, on the Sabbothe days to hear God's Divine service there, yet did he never come ... by the space of these three years now last past, but used every Sabbothe day to ride forth to some place or other, at or before the time of divine service . . . and being at divers times reproved by examinant he hath often times requested examinant to bear with him for a certain time for certain special causes, which he could not utter." . . . He hath always since neglected the same, and examinant upon secret conference touching matters of faith and religion hath found him very obstinate, and altogether addicted to superstitions and erroneous doctrine." . . . Examinant hath heard of some seditious speeches — reported unto him of the said John Easton, which he referreth to the examination of Thomas Hosegood, the reporter thereof. //. Examination of Thomas Hosegood^ of M or chard Ept. Jiicsbandman. At Michaelmas last examinant was going to watch the beacon at Sandford, three miles from Morcharde, and met John Easton near his own house. . . . He asked where he was going, and having told him (among other things) he, Easton, said " This is a troublesome world," to which examinant replied " Yea, I pray God amend it." After some conversation about examinant continuing on a farm he rented of Easton, " examinant answered that whether he did stay there or not, he would be at his commandment ;" upon which Easton, slapping him on the shoulder, said, " I would I had ten hundred more would say the same." Examinant '"was sorry to hear him deliver such words, and went on to the beacon watch ; and soon fell in with one Cherryton, a servant of John Rudge, at whose house the said Easton did most commonly be when in those parts. On examinant asking Cherryton of what religion Easton was, he told him that he had drunk unto King Philip, and that he had heard him say that, if there were any wars, that he could find it in his heart to be the foremost horseman. ///. The Examination of William Cherryton^ Morchard^
- 42. labourer. States certain speeches with the said Easton touching wars ; and amongst other talk, Easton said that it was a brave life to be in the wars, and that he could find in his heart to be the foremost horseman ; to which examinant answered, that he prayed God he might never come into it. . . . Whereupon Easton taking a cup of drink in his hand, said " I do drink now unto King Philip/' Examinant then told the said Easton, in reply to his inquiry, "that he would take the same part that the Queen holdeth, as long as he lived, for in this law he was born, and so he would die in it." To which Easton said, "and so will I." And being asked to what church John Easton used to repair, saith that he did never use to come to any church that he could learn of, but his common order was to ride forth every Saturday or Sunday sometimes to one place, sometimes to another, but he knoweth not whither he rode. cc 3
- 43. 434 -^'^^ College of St. Thomas of Canterbury, Of members of the Society connected with Chideock were John Tremain, S.J., a son of Sampson and Helen Tremain,^ who was received into the Society on his death-bed. He had been a student at the EngHsh College, Rome, and made part of his rudimental studies at Chideock, as we learn from the following extracts from the scholars' interrogatories. " 1 6 14. My true name is John Tremain. I am aged twenty-two years, and am a native of Dorset. My parents were Sampson and Helen Tremain, who suffered much in prison for the integrity of the Catholic faith ; my father, indeed, was thirty years a prisoner in chains. Both parents are dead. I have a step- mother still living, and four brothers and four sisters, all, with the exception of one brother, are Catholics also four uncles. I made my rudimental studies first at Dorchester, then at Chideock, and finally at St. Omer. "Signed, John Cottam." The College Diary states that he entered October 4, 16 14. He took the usual College oath on May 10, 161 5, and died the death of a saint in the College on August 8, having been immediately before admitted to the Society. A status of the English College 9 describes him as a very pious, devout, and quiet youth, and of a very ancient and high Cornish family. Another student of the English College, Rome, was John Bully, alias M ichael Russell, who says in his examination : *'I was born at Chideock, Dorsetshire, and am twenty-two years of age; son of Robert Bully and Elizabeth Russell. I lived at home until my sixteenth year, when, after my father's death, on the breaking out of civil war I joined the royal army, in which I served for some years, until seizing an opportunity I went to the College of St. Omer, where I have made one year's syntax. My relations are of the middle class. I have two brothers and two sisters All are Catholics, except an uncle and aunt. It is my desire to embrace the ecclesiastical state." The English College Diary says that he entered the College as an alumnus, in the name of Michael Russell, on November 14, 1649 ; was ordained priest at St. John Lateran's on April 4, 1654, and sent into England on May i, 1655. ^ Frequent mention of this old Catholic family
- 44. occurs in Troubles^ First Series. 9 Stonyhurst MSS. Angh vol. iv. n. 4.
- 45. The text on this page is estimated to be only 15.92% accurate P.-lO'tORNEUV^ SociiiV rvoviTivs l>0H.CtST ■••.'.CAT "riDt. SVAPC«V« ET StCTVt '-TSV • -■«?" e?--;c'fe? FATHER JOHN CORNELIUS, S.J., Martyred July 4, 1594. {^Sketched by Charles Weld, Esq., from the original fortrait at the GesH, Rouie. )
- 47. Chideock, Dorset, 435 THE LIFE OF FATHER JOHN CORNELIUS, alias CORNELLIS, 07- CORNYLLIS, MOHUN, or MOONE.^ CHAPTER I. BIRTHPLACE AND EARLY LIFE OF FATHER CORNELIUS. John Cornelius, after a life of wonderful sanctity, added lustre to the year 1594 by his heroic constancy in his martyrdom. Both English and Irish writers claim him as belonging to their own country. He was born of Irish parents, at Bodmin, in Cornwall, and was their only son. His parents, though living in the humblest station, are said to have sprung from the illustrious family of the O'Mahons, or O'Magans. He was (observes Father More) a proof in his own person of the truth of the Scripture saying, that "God looketh on the low and knoweth the high afar off." " I, for my part," remarks the historian, " having Observed his own hand-writing in the Register of the English College at Rome, in 1580, in which he calls himself a 'Cornish man/ pronounce him an Englishman." With respect to his mother, accounts are not agreed whether she was English, or of an Irish family of good descent ; it is most probable that she was an Irishwoman. His father died during his absence on the Continent making his studies, and left his aged mother in great distress, but suffering, as we shall presently see, infinitely more from spiritual poverty in the loss of her faith ; her son had the good fortune to place her with his patroness the Lady Arundell, where she would find succour both for this life and the next through that lady's liberality. As for himself, so great was his attachment to study, that for the sake of it he often quitted his school-fellows in their recreation. On one occasion Sir John Arundell, of Lanherne (who owing to his vast estates and manorial display in the Western counties had obtained the name of the " Great Arundell "), found him with a volume under a hedge and asked why he did not divert himself amongst his fellow-students in the neighbouring field; to which the boy replied, *' My delight is much greater in reading this book." Sir John, highly pleased with his answer, gave him a piece of gold, admonishing him to persevere in the same * '* Comellis or Comellys is more likely to be the true form of the name, than the Latinized Cornelius" (Troubles^ Second Series, p. 128).
- 48. 43 6 The College of St. Thomas of Canterbury, path and assuring him that he would reap the reward. He then took him to his house, where, removed from all danger of imbibing through imprudence the poison of unsound doctrine during his childhood, the treasure of his faith was preserved. He there continued to improve his talents and indulge his great appetite for learning with such success that, after attaining no mean proficiency in his studies, Sir John supported him at Oxford for several years. Through dislike of any contact with the new religion he left Oxford, and his kind patron sent him to Rheims (the English College having lately been transferred thither from Douay), where he was kindly received by Dr. Allen, the founder and first President of that Seminary of mart3^rs. After some stay at Rheims, he was sent on February 9, 1580, by Dr. Gregory Martin and the other Superiors of the House, with five companions, viz., James Lomax, Christopher Southwork, John Tippet, Simon Swinborne, and Robert Charnock, to the English College, Rome, which Pope Gregory Xni. had lately founded by applying the buildings and revenue of a hospice of the English nation to this purpose, and had committed the administration of it to the Fathers of the Society of Jesus, where, on arriving, he entered himself as a Cornish man. The following is an extract from the Diary of the English College : " 1579. John Cornelius, an Englishman, of the diocese of Cornwall, aged twenty-three, for the purpose of studying scholastic theology, was admitted among the alumni of His Holiness Pope Gregory XHI. by Father Alphonsus Agazzari,^ S.J., the Rector of the College, by the express order of his Eminence Cardinal Moroni, the Protector, on April i, 1580. He took the usual College oath on October 23 following. Having been ordained priest, he left Rome for England in the month of September, 1583. He was crowned with martyrdom in 1594. On the feast of St. Stephen, the protomartyr, 1581, he made an oration before the Sovereign Pontiff in the Pope's Chapel." The same Superiors of the College of Rheims testify to Father Agazzari, then Rector of the English College, "that according to their judgment, those sent to him were all chosen and approved subjects, and, as far as they could see, up to his mark as
- 49. to age, ability, morals, and learning." During his second year in theology, the young student had the honour of making a Latin oration in the presence of His Holiness on Christmas Day, according to the custom
- 50. Life of Father John Cornelitts. 437 of the College. He was exemplary in every kind of virtue, and so great was his modesty, that after frequenting the Roman College for lectures during three years, at only a short distance from the English College, he was unable to point out the road to it from the Seminary. When he had completed his theology and received holy orders he went back to England in the month of September, 1583. CHAPTER II. HIS RETURN TO ENGLAND. Father Cornelius immediately returned to his worthy patron. Sir John Arundell, whom he did not fail to exhort to constancy in the faith, and often remind of the counsel that he had received from him to walk in the same path, and never to suffer himself to abandon, for any storms or persecutions which might arise, the religion which he had embraced from his infancy.^ His generous patron, on his death-bed earnestly recommended the care of his reverend friend to his widow, Anne, daughter of Edward, Earl of Derby, and relict of Charles, the seventh Lord Stourton. Her daughter, Dorothy Arundell, had him for ten years as her spiritual director, and afterwards becoming a nun at Brussels, she wrote the acts of Father Cornelius, which form the main groundwork of the various histories of this martyr. 3 - Sir John Arundell was summoned to London early in 15S1, and committed to close custody for a time, by Queen Elizabeth. Ele died at Isleworth, as we learn by the Parish Register, January 17, I59i> l^ut was buried at St. Columb. His servant Glyn died when a prisoner for religion (Note by Dr. Oliver in Collectanea S.J. p. 74), In Records, vol. i. p. 295, in a letter of Father John Yates, the translation of Sir John's body to Cornwall with great pomp is alluded to. Dodd, in his Chtaxh Historyy vol. ii. p. 74, giving a short notice of Father Cornelius, says: "Sir John being an occasional conformist, his conversation with Mr, Cornelius had given him (Cornelius) early impressions in favour of the Catholic religion, which still grew stronger in the University where he met with many of the same dispositions. At last being weary of a conformity against his conscience, he left Oxford." 3 Miss Dorothy Arundell entered the convent of the English Benedictine nuns at Brussels, and was professed November 21, 1600. She died in the year 161 3. Dame
- 51. Mary, of St. Scholastica's Abbey, has kindly furnished the following information from the Chronicles of her Order : "Dorothy Arundell was professed with Lady Mary Percy (daughter of the martyred Earl of Northumberland), her own youngest sister Certrude Arundell, and five others (in all eight), thus re-estal^lishing the English Benedictine Nuns, whose communilv had been dispersed by Henry VIH. Dorothy was a very holy religious." Dame Maiy then alludes to the history of Dorothy and Gertrude Arundell — changing their original intention of entering the Order of St. Bridget — and adds, "But it appears that there is a tradition preserved in the Weld family, probably received from
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