BASAL LAYER DEGENERATION VS ARTIFACT
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This document discusses various artifacts that may be seen in histopathology specimens and slides. It describes artifacts related to specimen collection and preparation including forcep artifacts from tissue tearing, sutural artifacts from stitch material, and contamination artifacts from foreign materials like starch or cardiac tissue. Fixation, sectioning, and staining artifacts are also outlined such as pigment deposition, knife marks, folds, residual wax, and eosin leaching. Finally, some examples of artifacts that could be mistaken for pathology are provided like max-joseph spaces from basal degeneration.
BASAL LAYER DEGENERATION VS ARTIFACT
- 1. BASAL CELL DEGENARATION VS ARTIFACT DR AMITHA DEPT OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL PATHOLOGY
- 2. Dense lymphohistiocytic inflammation at dermoepidermal junction with numerous melanophages in the upper dermis. Vacuolar degeneration of basal layer and colloid bodies (arrow) are also visible (H and E, ×400)
- 3. Mild hyperkeratosis, focal parakeratosis, and hypergranulosis with flattening of rete ridges, Max-Joseph space formation, and dense band-like lymphohistiocytic inflammation at dermoepidermal junction (hematoxylin and eosin (H and E), ×100)
- 5. Epidermis showing compact orthokeratosis, mild acanthosis, vacuolar degeneration of basal layer, pigment incontinence in upper dermis with an intense band-like lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate (H and E, ×10)
- 9. Artifacts due to surface preparation and tattoo pigmentation: margin of a skin biopsy marked with silver nitrate. The reagent stains the soft tissues and has penetrated into the dermis. Intense staining of keratin at the edge of the specimen can also be seen; H&E Stain.
- 10. Surgical Artifacts: A) Forcep artefact: Tearing of tissue due to penetration of forcep; H&E.
- 11. Surgical Artifacts: B) Sutural artefact: Bifringent suture material from stitch granuloma under Polarized light.
- 12. Artifacts due to contamination. A) Starch granules: Starch granules in a typical starch granuloma stained with H&E and Polarized light.
- 13. Artifacts due to contamination. B) Specimen-specimen contamination: A section of cardiac muscle with a piece of extraneous thyroid tissue present against one surface; H&E.
- 14. Artifacts due to contamination. C) Foreign body contamination: Cellulose in an H&E-stained section and under Polarized light.
- 15. Fixation Artifact. Pigment artefact: Formalin pigments deposition as brown stains; H&E Stain
- 16. Artifacts during microtomy : Splitting of section at right angle and Knife lines.
- 17. Artifacts in water bath: Air bubble entrapment; Section of lymph node showing circular darkly stained areas with pale centres and surrounding radial cracks. These faults indicate collapsed bubble artifact; H&E Stain.
- 18. Artifacts during lifting of tissues: Tissue folds; H&E Stain.
- 19. Staining Artifacts. Residual Wax; wax deposits deproving the cellular details; H & E Stain.
- 20. (a) Hemorrhage artifact. (b) Histopathological section showing split artifact due to usage of sharp forceps during biopsy procedure. (c) Coagulation of proteins within the tissues as a result of biopsy using laser. (d) Venetian blind artifact produced by vibration of tissue block/knife (H&E stain, ×100)
- 21. (a) Tangential section of epithelium caused by improper orientation. (b) Thick and thin section formed due to loosely attached microtome knife. (c) Knife scoring appeared in the section due to a small nick in the knife edge. (d) Folds and wrinkles within the histological section produced by a blunt microtome knife (H&E stain, ×100)
- 22. (a) Displacement of bone during microtomy in association with the use of dull knife. (b) Microscopic section showing folding. (c) Residual wax within the stained section. (d) Stain deposits within salivary gland tissue (H&E stain, ×100)
- 23. (a and b) Section showing eosin leaching. (c) Thin mounting media resulting in the formation of air bubbles. (d) Section with cracking of DPX (H&E stain, ×100)
- 24. (a) Clefts formed as a result of dissolution of cholesterol crystals. (b) Max Joseph space formed as a result of basilar degeneration (H&E stain, ×100)