Basic operators and it's types in c languages

Operators & Expressions
Department of Computer Science
CLASS- BCA (Ist Semester)
SUBJECT: PROGRAMMING FUNDAMENTALS USING C
SUBMITTED BY : PARDEEP KAUR

Definition
“An operator is a symbol (+,-,*,/) that directs the
computer to perform certain mathematical or logical
manipulations and is usually used to manipulate data
and variables”
Ex: a+b

Operators in C
1. Arithmetic operators
2. Relational operators
3. Logical operators
4. Assignment operators
5. Increment and decrement operators
6. Conditional operators
7. Bitwise operators
8. Special operators

Arithmetic operators
Operator example Meaning
+ a + b Addition –unary
- a – b Subtraction- unary
* a * b Multiplication
/ a / b Division
% a % b Modulo division- remainder

Relational Operators
Operator Meaning
< Is less than
<= Is less than or equal to
> Is greater than
>= Is greater than or equal
to
== Equal to
!= Not equal to

Logical Operators
Operator Meaning
&& Logical AND
|| Logical OR
! Logical NOT
Logical expression or a compound relational
expression-
An expression that combines two or more
relational expressions
Ex: if (a==b && b==c)

Truth Table
a b
Value of the expression
a && b a || b
0 0 0 0
0 1 0 1
1 0 0 1
1 1 1 1

Assignment operators
Syntax:
v op = exp;
Where v = variable,
op = shorthand assignment operator
exp = expression
Ex: x=x+3
x+=3

Shorthand Assignment operators
Simple assignment
operator
Shorthand operator
a = a+1 a + =1
a = a-1 a - =1
a = a* (m+n) a * = m+n
a = a / (m+n) a / = m+n
a = a %b a %=b

Increment & Decrement Operators
C supports 2 useful operators namely
1. Increment ++
2. Decrement – operators
The ++ operator adds a value 1 to the operand
The – operator subtracts 1 from the operand
++a or a++
--a or a--

Rules for ++ & -- operators
1. These require variables as their operands
2. When postfix either ++ or – is used with the
variable in a given expression, the
expression is evaluated first and then it is
incremented or decremented by one
3. When prefix either ++ or – is used with the
variable in a given expression, it is
incremented or decremented by one first
and then the expression is evaluated with
the new value

Examples for ++ & -- operators
Let the value of a =5 and b=++a then
a = b =6
Let the value of a = 5 and b=a++ then
a =5 but b=6
i.e.:
1. a prefix operator first adds 1 to the operand
and then the result is assigned to the variable
on the left
2. a postfix operator first assigns the value to
the variable on left and then increments the
operand.

Conditional operators
Syntax:
exp1 ? exp2 : exp3
Where exp1,exp2 and exp3 are expressions
Working of the ? Operator:
Exp1 is evaluated first, if it is nonzero(1/true) then the
expression2 is evaluated and this becomes the value of the
expression,
If exp1 is false(0/zero) exp3 is evaluated and its value becomes
the value of the expression
Ex: m=2;
n=3
r=(m>n) ? m : n;

Bitwise operators
These operators allow manipulation of data at the bit level
Operator Meaning
& Bitwise AND
| Bitwise OR
^ Bitwise exclusive OR
<< Shift left
>> Shift right

Special operators
1. Comma operator ( ,)
2. sizeof operator – sizeof( )
3. Pointer operators – ( & and *)
4. Member selection operators – ( . and ->)

Arithmetic Expressions
Algebraic expression C expression
axb-c a*b-c
(m+n)(x+y) (m+n)*(x+y)
a*b/c
3x2
+2x+1 3*x*x+2*x+1
a/b
S=(a+b+c)/2
c
ab
b
a
2
c
b
a 

S=

Arithmetic Expressions
Algebraic expression C expression
area= area=sqrt(s*(s-a)*(s-b)*(s-c))
sin(b/sqrt(a*a+b*b))
tow1=sqrt((rowx-rowy)/2+tow*x*y*y)
tow1=sqrt(pow((rowx-rowy)/2,2)+tow*x*y*y)
y=(alpha+beta)/sin(theta*3.1416/180)+abs(x)
)
)(
)(
( c
s
b
s
a
s
s 


Sin








 2
2
b
a
b
2
1
2
xy
y
x



 





 

2
2
1
2
xy
y
x



 





 

x
y 





sin

Precedence of operators
BODMAS RULE-
Brackets of Division Multiplication Addition
Subtraction
Brackets will have the highest precedence and have to
be
evaluated first, then comes of , then comes
division, multiplication, addition and finally
subtraction.
C language uses some rules in evaluating the
expressions
and they r called as precedence rules or sometimes
also
referred to as hierarchy of operations, with some
operators

Rules for evaluation of expression
1. First parenthesized sub expression from left to right are
evaluated.
2. If parentheses are nested, the evaluation begins with the
innermost sub expression
3. The precedence rule is applied in determining the order of
application of operators in evaluating sub expressions
4. The associatively rule is applied when 2 or more operators of
the same precedence level appear in a sub expression.
5. Arithmetic expressions are evaluated from left to right using
the rules of precedence
6. When parentheses are used, the expressions within
parentheses assume highest priority

Hierarchy of operators
Operator Description Associativity
( ), [ ] Function call, array
element reference
Left to Right
+, -, ++, -
-,!,~,*,&
Unary plus, minus,
increment, decrement,
logical negation, 1’s
complement, pointer
reference, address
Right to Left
*, / , % Multiplication,
division, modulus
Left to Right

Example 1
Evaluate x1=(-b+ sqrt (b*b-4*a*c))/(2*a) @ a=1, b=-5,
c=6
=(-(-5)+sqrt((-5)(-5)-4*1*6))/(2*1)
=(5 + sqrt((-5)(-5)-4*1*6))/(2*1)
=(5 + sqrt(25 -4*1*6))/(2*1)
=(5 + sqrt(25 -4*6))/(2*1)
=(5 + sqrt(25 -24))/(2*1)
=(5 + sqrt(1))/(2*1)
=(5 + 1.0)/(2*1)
=(6.0)/(2*1)
=6.0/2 = 3.0

Example 2
Evaluate the expression when a=4
b=a- ++a
=a – 5
=5-5
=0

Basic operators and it's types in c languages

Basic operators and it's types in c languages

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