Basic using of Swing in Java

Swing
BY LECTURER SURAJ PANDEY CCT COLLEGE

Java Swing is a part of Java Foundation Classes (JFC) that
is used to create window-based applications. It is built on the top
of AWT (Abstract Windowing Toolkit) API and entirely
written in java.
Unlike AWT, Java Swing provides platform-independent and
lightweight components.
The javax.swing package provides classes for java swing API
such as JButton, JTextField, JTextArea, JRadioButton,
JCheckbox, JMenu, JColorChooser etc.

Difference between AWT and Swing
There are many differences between java awt and swing that
are given below.

What is JFC
The Java Foundation Classes (JFC) are a set of GUI
components which simplify the development of desktop
applications.

Hierarchy of Java Swing classes

Commonly used Methods of Component class
The methods of Component class are widely used in java
swing that are given below.

Java Swing Examples
There are two ways to create a frame:
1. By creating the object of Frame class (association)
2. By extending Frame class (inheritance)
We can write the code of swing inside the main(),
constructor or any other method.

Simple Java Swing Example
Let's see a simple swing example where we are creating one
button and adding it on the JFrame object inside the main()
method.
File: FirstSwingExample.java

import javax.swing.*;
public class FirstSwingExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
JFrame f=new JFrame();//creating instance of JFrame
JButton b=new JButton("click");//creating instance of JButton
b.setBounds(130,100,100, 40);//x axis, y axis, width, height

f.add(b);//adding button in JFrame
f.setSize(400,500);//400 width and 500 height
f.setLayout(null);//using no layout managers
f.setVisible(true);//making the frame visible
}
}BY LECTURER SURAJ PANDEY CCT COLLEGE

Example of Swing by Association inside constructor
We can also write all the codes of creating JFrame, JButton
and method call inside the java constructor.
File: Simple.java

public class Simple {
JFrame f;
Simple(){
f=new JFrame();//creating instance of JFrame
JButton b=new JButton("click");//creating instance of JButton
b.setBounds(130,100,100, 40);
f.add(b);//adding button in JFrame
f.setSize(400,500);//400 width and 500 height
f.setLayout(null);//using no layout managers
f.setVisible(true);//making the frame visible
}
new Simple();
}
}

The setBounds(int xaxis, int yaxis, int width, int height)is
used in the above example that sets the position of the
button.

Simple example of Swing by inheritance
We can also inherit the JFrame class, so there is no need to
create the instance of JFrame class explicitly.
File: Simple2.java

public class Simple2 extends JFrame{//inheriting JFrame
JFrame f;
Simple2(){
JButton b=new JButton("click");//create button
b.setBounds(130,100,100, 40);
add(b);//adding button on frame
setSize(400,500);
setLayout(null);
setVisible(true);
}
new Simple2();
}}

JButton class:
The JButton class is used to create a button that have
plateform-independent implementation.
Commonly used Constructors:
JButton(): creates a button with no text and icon.
JButton(String s): creates a button with the specified text.
JButton(Icon i): creates a button with the specified icon
object.

Commonly used Methods of AbstractButton class:
1) public void setText(String s): is used to set specified text
on button.
2) public String getText(): is used to return the text of the
button.
3) public void setEnabled(boolean b): is used to enable or
disable the button.
4) public void setIcon(Icon b): is used to set the specified
Icon on the button.
5) public Icon getIcon(): is used to get the Icon of the button.
6) public void setMnemonic(int a): is used to set the
mnemonic on the button.
7) public void addActionListener(ActionListener a): is
used to add the action listener to this object.

Example of displaying image on the button:
import java.awt.event.*;
public class ImageButton{
ImageButton(){
JFrame f=new JFrame();
JButton b=new JButton(new ImageIcon("b.jpg"));
b.setBounds(130,100,100, 40);
f.add(b);
f.setSize(300,400);
f.setLayout(null);
f.setVisible(true);
f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    new ImageButton();
}
}

JRadioButton class
The JRadioButton class is used to create a radio button. It is used
to choose one option from multiple options. It is widely used in
exam systems or quiz.
It should be added in ButtonGroup to select one radio button
only.
Commonly used Constructors of JRadioButton class:
JRadioButton(): creates an unselected radio button with no
text.
JRadioButton(String s): creates an unselected radio button
with specified text.
JRadioButton(String s, boolean selected): creates a radio
button with the specified text and selected status.

Commonly used Methods of AbstractButton class:
1) public void setText(String s): is used to set specified text on
button.
2) public String getText(): is used to return the text of the button.
3) public void setEnabled(boolean b): is used to enable or disable
the button.
4) public void setIcon(Icon b): is used to set the specified Icon on
the button.
5) public Icon getIcon(): is used to get the Icon of the button.
6) public void setMnemonic(int a): is used to set the mnemonic on
the button.
7) public void addActionListener(ActionListener a): is used to
add the action listener to this object.

Example of JRadioButton class:
public class Radio {
JFrame f;
Radio(){
f=new JFrame();
JRadioButton r1=new JRadioButton("A) Male");
JRadioButton r2=new JRadioButton("B) FeMale");
r1.setBounds(50,100,70,30);
r2.setBounds(50,150,70,30);
ButtonGroup bg=new ButtonGroup();
bg.add(r1);bg.add(r2);
f.add(r1);f.add(r2);
f.setSize(300,300);
f.setLayout(null);
f.setVisible(true);
}
    new Radio();
}  }

ButtonGroup class:
The ButtonGroup class can be used to group multiple
buttons so that at a time only one button can be selected.

JRadioButton example with event
handling
class RadioExample extends JFrame implements ActionListener{
JRadioButton rb1,rb2;
JButton b;
RadioExample(){
rb1=new JRadioButton("Male");
rb1.setBounds(100,50,100,30);
rb2=new JRadioButton("Female");
rb2.setBounds(100,100,100,30);
ButtonGroup bg=new ButtonGroup();
bg.add(rb1);bg.add(rb2);

b=new JButton("click");
b.setBounds(100,150,80,30);
b.addActionListener(this);
add(rb1);add(rb2);add(b);
setSize(300,300);
setLayout(null);
setVisible(true);
}
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
if(rb1.isSelected()){
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this,"You are male");
}
if(rb2.isSelected()){
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this,"You are female");
}
}
public static void main(String args[]){
new RadioExample();  }}

JTextArea class:
The JTextArea class is used to create a text area. It is a multiline
area that displays the plain text only.
Commonly used Constructors:
JTextArea(): creates a text area that displays no text initially.
JTextArea(String s): creates a text area that displays specified
text initially.
JTextArea(int row, int column): creates a text area with the
specified number of rows and columns that displays no text
initially..
JTextArea(String s, int row, int column): creates a text area
with the specified number of rows and columns that displays
specified text.

Commonly used methods of JTextArea class:
1) public void setRows(int rows): is used to set
specified number of rows.
2) public void setColumns(int cols):: is used to set
specified number of columns.
3) public void setFont(Font f): is used to set the
specified font.
4) public void insert(String s, int position): is used to
insert the specified text on the specified position.
5) public void append(String s): is used to append the
given text to the end of the document.

 Example of JTextField class:
import java.awt.Color;
public class TArea {
    JTextArea area;
    JFrame f;
    TArea(){
    f=new JFrame();
    area=new JTextArea(300,300);
    area.setBounds(10,30,300,300);
    area.setBackground(Color.black);
    area.setForeground(Color.white);
    f.add(area);
    f.setSize(400,400);
    f.setLayout(null);
    f.setVisible(true);
}
        new TArea();
    }
}

JComboBox class:
The JComboBox class is used to create the combobox (drop-
down list). At a time only one item can be selected from the
item list.
Commonly used Constructors of JComboBox class:
JComboBox()
JComboBox(Object[] items)
JComboBox(Vector<?> items)

Commonly used methods of JComboBox class:
1) public void addItem(Object anObject): is used to add an
item to the item list.
2) public void removeItem(Object anObject): is used to
delete an item to the item list.
3) public void removeAllItems(): is used to remove all the
items from the list.
4) public void setEditable(boolean b): is used to determine
whether the JComboBox is editable.
5) public void addActionListener(ActionListener a): is
used to add the ActionListener.
6) public void addItemListener(ItemListener i): is used to
add the ItemListener.

Example of JComboBox class:
public class Combo {
JFrame f;
Combo(){
    f=new JFrame("Combo ex");
String country[]={"India","Aus","U.S.A","England","Newzeland"};
JComboBox cb=new JComboBox(country);
    cb.setBounds(50, 50,90,20);
    f.add(cb);
f.setLayout(null);
    f.setSize(400,500);
    f.setVisible(true);
}
    new Combo();
}
}

JTable class (Swing Tutorial):
The JTable class is used to display the data on two
dimensional tables of cells.
Commonly used Constructors of JTable class:
JTable(): creates a table with empty cells.
JTable(Object[][] rows, Object[] columns): creates a
table with the specified data.

Example of JTable class:
public class MyTable {
    JFrame f;
MyTable(){
    f=new JFrame();
String data[][]={ {"101","Amit","670000"},
              {"102","Jai","780000"},
                          {"101","Sachin","700000"}};
    String column[]={"ID","NAME","SALARY"};
JTable jt=new JTable(data,column);
    jt.setBounds(30,40,200,300);
JScrollPane sp=new JScrollPane(jt);
f.add(sp);
f.setSize(300,400);
//  f.setLayout(null);
    f.setVisible(true);
}
    new MyTable();
}
}

JColorChooser class:
The JColorChooser class is used to create a color chooser dialog
box so that user can select any color.
Commonly used Constructors of JColorChooser class:
JColorChooser(): is used to create a color chooser pane with
white color initially.
JColorChooser(Color initialColor): is used to create a color
chooser pane with the specified color initially.
Commonly used methods of JColorChooser class:
public static Color showDialog(Component c, String
title, Color initialColor): is used to show the color-chooser
dialog box.

import java.awt.*;
public class JColorChooserExample extends JFrame implements ActionListener{
JButton b;
Container c;
JColorChooserExample(){
    c=getContentPane();
    c.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
b=new JButton("color");
    b.addActionListener(this);
c.add(b);
}
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
Color initialcolor=Color.RED;
Color color=JColorChooser.showDialog(this,"Select a color",initialcolor);
c.setBackground(color);
}
    JColorChooserExample ch=new JColorChooserExample();
    ch.setSize(400,400);
    ch.setVisible(true);
    ch.setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
}

JProgressBar class:
The JProgressBar class is used to display the progress of the task.
Commonly used Constructors of JProgressBar class:
JProgressBar(): is used to create a horizontal progress bar but no
string text.
JProgressBar(int min, int max): is used to create a horizontal
progress bar with the specified minimum and maximum value.
JProgressBar(int orient): is used to create a progress bar with the
specified orientation, it can be either Vertical or Horizontal by using
SwingConstants.VERTICAL and SwingConstants.HORIZONTAL
constants.
JProgressBar(int orient, int min, int max): is used to create a
progress bar with the specified orientation, minimum and maximum
value.

Commonly used methods of JProgressBar class:
1) public void setStringPainted(boolean b): is used to
determine whether string should be displayed.
2) public void setString(String s): is used to set value to
the progress string.
3) public void setOrientation(int orientation): is
used to set the orientation, it may be either vertical or
horizontal by using SwingConstants.VERTICAL and
SwingConstants.HORIZONTAL constants..
4) public void setValue(int value): is used to set the
current value on the progress bar.

Example of JProgressBar class:
public class MyProgress extends JFrame{
JProgressBar jb;
int i=0,num=0;
MyProgress(){
jb=new JProgressBar(0,2000);
jb.setBounds(40,40,200,30);
jb.setValue(0);
jb.setStringPainted(true);
add(jb);
setSize(400,400);
setLayout(null);
}
public void iterate(){
while(i<=2000){
  jb.setValue(i);
  i=i+20;
  try{Thread.sleep(150);}catch(Exception e){}
}
}
    MyProgress m=new MyProgress();
    m.setVisible(true);
    m.iterate();
}
}

Example of digital clock in swing:

import java.awt.*;
import java.text.*;
import java.util.*;
public class DigitalWatch implements Runnable{
JFrame f;
Thread t=null;
int hours=0, minutes=0, seconds=0;
String timeString = "";
JButton b;
DigitalWatch(){
    f=new JFrame();
t = new Thread(this);
        t.start();
b=new JButton();
        b.setBounds(100,100,100,50);
f.add(b);
    f.setSize(300,400);
    f.setLayout(null);
    f.setVisible(true);
 }


 public void run() {
       try {
          while (true) {

             Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
             hours = cal.get( Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY );
             if ( hours > 12 ) hours -= 12;
             minutes = cal.get( Calendar.MINUTE );
             seconds = cal.get( Calendar.SECOND );

             SimpleDateFormat formatter = new SimpleDateFormat("hh:mm:ss");
             Date date = cal.getTime();
             timeString = formatter.format( date );

             printTime();

             t.sleep( 1000 );  // interval given in milliseconds
          }
       }
       catch (Exception e) { }
 }

 public void printTime(){
 b.setText(timeString);
 }

 public static void main(String[] args) {
     new DigitalWatch();


 }
 }BY LECTURER SURAJ PANDEY CCT COLLEGE

Basic using of Swing in Java

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