Basics of Electronics
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This document provides an introduction to basic electronics concepts including Ohm's Law, resistors, capacitors, LEDs, breadboards, and debugging circuits. Ohm's Law defines the relationship between current, voltage, and resistance in a circuit. There are different types of fixed and variable resistors as well as color coding schemes to identify resistor values. Capacitors can store energy and are used for timing and filtering. LEDs require current limiting resistors to function properly. Breadboards are used for prototyping circuits and debugging connections is key to troubleshooting.
Basics of Electronics
- 1. BASICS OF ELECTRONICS ThinkLABS www.thinklabs.in
- 2. OHM’S LAW Voltage (V) Current (I) = Resistance (R) “The current (I) passing through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the potential difference (V) across the two points, and inversely proportional to the resistance (R) between them” www.thinklabs.in
- 3. POWER P = IE = I2R = E2 R www.thinklabs.in
- 4. RESISTORS FIXED VARIABLE www.thinklabs.in
- 5. TYPES OF RESISTORS: FIXED VALUE Carbon Film Metal Film Wire Wound Resistors (CFR) Resistors (MFR) Resistors • Low Precision, high • High precision, low • Poor tolerance tolerance (>=5%) tolerance (<=1%) • Expensive • Cheap • Slightly expensive • High Watt • 4 band color coding • 5 band color coding applications www.thinklabs.in
- 6. TYPES OF RESISTORS: VARIABLE www.thinklabs.in
- 7. COLOR CODING Band Color Digit Multiplier Tolerance Black 0 1 -- Brown 1 10 +-1% 4 Band Resistor Red 2 100 +-2% Tolerance Orange 3 1000 -- Multiplier Yellow 4 10000 -- 2nd Digit Green 5 100000 +-0.5% 1st Digit Blue 6 1000000 +-0.25% Violet 7 10000000 +-0.1% Grey 8 100000000 +-0.05% White -- -- -- 5 Band Resistor Tolerance Gold -- 0.1 +-5% Multiplier Silver -- 0.01 +-10% 3rd Digit None -- -- +-20% 2nd Digit 1st Digit www.thinklabs.in
- 8. VOLTAGE DIVIDER R2 Vout = Vin R1+R2 Example: Vin = 5 Volts R1 = 90K R2 = 10K www.thinklabs.in
- 9. CAPACITORS Non-Polarized Polarized Ceramic Metal Film Electrolytic Tantalum www.thinklabs.in
- 10. CAPACITORS: APPLICATIONS Timing element Filter Energy Storage www.thinklabs.in
- 11. LEDS Light Emitting Diodes Cheap, Efficient, Easy to use Many colors available www.thinklabs.in
- 12. LED: LIGHTING IT UP BOOM !! www.thinklabs.in
- 13. LEDS : NEED FOR CURRENT LIMITING Current Limiting = Supply Voltage – Voltage drop across LED Resistance (R) Desired Current Example: • LED = RED (Voltage drop = 2Volts) • Supply Voltage = 5 Volts • Current = 3mA • Resistance (R) = ?? Approximate Voltage Drop RED GREEN YELLOW BLUE 2 Volts 2 Volts 1.9 Volts 3.5 Volts www.thinklabs.in
- 14. BREADBOARD (SKETCHBOOK) Prototyping Testing www.thinklabs.in
- 15. BREADBORDING Internal Electrical Connections of a Breadboard www.thinklabs.in
- 16. KNOW THY MOTOR DRIVER BOARD www.thinklabs.in
- 17. GETTING THE WIRES READY 22-24 AWG (American Wire Gauge) wires (single strand) Use multicolor wires Cut-Strip into different lengths Use a Stripper and not your teeth!! www.thinklabs.in
- 18. MAKING CONNECTIONS Power lines: Case 1 (simple circuits) www.thinklabs.in
- 19. MAKING CONNECTIONS Power lines: Case 2 (complicated circuits) www.thinklabs.in
- 20. MAKING CONNECTIONS Points to remember: Segregate the circuit into functional blocks Build one block at a time Test – Debug Build the next block www.thinklabs.in
- 21. DEBUGGING BB CONNECTIONS 8 Golden Steps to debugging 1. Check the power supply 2. Check polarities 3. Check component values 4. Check the connections 5. Check the connections 6. Re-check the connections 7. Take a break 8. Worst case : Rebuild the circuit www.thinklabs.in
- 22. BREADBOARD – BASIC SETUP www.thinklabs.in
- 23. LIGHTING UP LEDS Experiment 1 www.thinklabs.in
- 24. ANY QUESTIONS? www.thinklabs.in