Basics of labview in analog communication systems
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Modulation is the process of superimposing information from a modulating signal onto a carrier signal. There are different types of modulation such as amplitude modulation, frequency modulation, and pulse modulation. LabVIEW is a graphical programming software used for measurement and automation. It has a front panel interface and block diagram programming environment. This document discusses concepts related to modulation techniques including their mathematical equations and LabVIEW implementations.
![Derivation of am equations:
C (t) = C sin (ωc + φ)
m (t) = M sin (ωm + φ)
The equation for the overall modulated signal is obtained by multiplying the carrier and the modulating
signal together. The constant A is required as it represents the amplitude of the waveform.
y (t) = [ A + m (t) ] . c (t)
y (t) = [ A + sin (ωm t + φ ] . sin(ωc t)’
y (t) = A . sin (ωc t) + M/2 [ sin ((ωc + ωm) t + φ) + M/2 [ sin ((ωc - ωm) t - φ)
Carrier: A . sin (ωc t)
Upper sideband: M/2 [ sin ((ωc + ωm) t + φ)
Lower sideband: M/2 [ sin ((ωc - ωm) t - φ)
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Basics of labview in analog communication systems
- 2. Modulation Modulation is the process of superimposing the information contents of a modulating signal on a carrier signal (which is of high frequency) by varying the characteristic of carrier signal according to the modulating signal. 2
- 3. Analog Communication system? It's a branch of communication which deals with transmission and reception of information signals which are continuous wave signals. 3
- 4. Design Of A Communication System4
- 6. LabVIEW LabVIEW is a NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS product that offers a graphical programming approach that helps you visualize every aspect of your application, including hardware configuration, measurement data, and debugging. This visualization makes it simple to integrate measurement hardware from any vendor, represent complex logic on the diagram, develop data analysis algorithms, and design custom engineering user interfaces. The two basic screens of LabVIEW are FRONT PANEL and BLOCK DIAGRAM The Front Panel shows the operators and graphs of the design. The Block Diagram shows the schematic design of the program. 6
- 7. Modulation indexes Modulation Index indicates the depth of modulation. As the amplitude of the modulating signal increases, modulation index increases. For amplitude modulation, the modulation index is given as 7
- 9. Derivation of am equations: C (t) = C sin (ωc + φ) m (t) = M sin (ωm + φ) The equation for the overall modulated signal is obtained by multiplying the carrier and the modulating signal together. The constant A is required as it represents the amplitude of the waveform. y (t) = [ A + m (t) ] . c (t) y (t) = [ A + sin (ωm t + φ ] . sin(ωc t)’ y (t) = A . sin (ωc t) + M/2 [ sin ((ωc + ωm) t + φ) + M/2 [ sin ((ωc - ωm) t - φ) Carrier: A . sin (ωc t) Upper sideband: M/2 [ sin ((ωc + ωm) t + φ) Lower sideband: M/2 [ sin ((ωc - ωm) t - φ) 9
- 10. Types of amplitude modulation Amplitude Modulation is if two types: 1. Double Side Band Suppressed Carrier (DSB-SC) AM: 2. Single Side Band Suppressed Carrier (SSB-SC) AM: 10
- 11. 1. Design of Amplitude Modulation system11
- 12. LabVIEW design of AM using simulate signal 12
- 14. 2. Frequency Modulation System The equations of FM are: C(t) = Ac *cos(2*pi*fc*t) M(t) = Am *sin(2*pi*fm*t) FM = Ac*cos(2*pi*fc*t + (b*sin(2*pi*fm*t))) 14
- 15. Derivation FM Equations If the information to be transmitted (i.e., the baseband signal) is xm(t) and the sinusoidal carrier is xc(t) = Ac*cos(2*pi*fc*t) where fc is the carrier's base frequency, and Ac is the carrier's amplitude, the modulator combines the carrier with the baseband data signal to get the transmitted signal: Where fΔ = Kf * Am, Kf being the sensitivity of the frequency modulator and Am being the amplitude of the modulating signal or baseband signal. In this equation, f(ζ) is the instantaneous frequency of the oscillator is the frequency deviation, and fΔ is the frequency deviation which represents the maximum shift away from fc in one direction, assuming xm(t) is limited to the range ±1. While most of the energy of the signal is contained within fc ± fΔ, it can be shown by Fourier analysis that a wider range of frequencies is required to precisely represent an FM signal. The frequency spectrum of an actual FM signal has components extending infinitely, although their amplitude decreases and higher-order components are often neglected in practical design problems. 15
- 16. Design of frequency modulation system16
- 17. LabVIEW design of FM 17
- 19. Types of Pulse Modulation Systems 19
- 20. Pulse amplitude modulation Pulse amplitude modulation is a technique in which the amplitude of each pulse is controlled by the instantaneous amplitude of the modulation signal. It is a modulation system in which the signal is sampled at regular intervals and each sample is made proportional to the amplitude of the signal at the instant of sampling. This technique transmits the data by encoding in the amplitude of a series of signal pulses. 20
- 21. TYPES OF PAM Flat Top PAM: Natural PAM: 21
- 22. Design Of Pulse Amplitude Modulation System 22
- 23. Design of PAM in LabVIEW 23
- 24. 24