Basics of radio production
- 1. Basics of radio production Radio as a medium of communication Radio broadcasting in India (pre &post independence) Different types of radio stations : on the basis of reach & transmission Organisational structure: govt. and private
- 2. Radio as a medium of mass communication • Inclusions: • Features • Elements • Its working • Summary • Limitations
- 3. Features • Radio is the transmission of signals by modulation of electromagnetic waves with frequencies below dose of visible light. • During 1913 radio was considered an intimate and credible medium the public used it as a new source and expected it to provide factual information. • Radio was the first truly mass medium of communication reaching millions of people instantly and altering social attitudes family relationships and how people related to their environment. • Produce the most popular medium of mass communication, it's broadcast reaches to millions in one go the broadcasted is communicating with the vastness of people collectively but intimately. • Reduced reach is very wide it is a potential medium that can reach every NOOK and corner of the world with its vast networks.
- 4. Features • In a country like India with multiplicity of languages and diversity of culture radio broadcasting has a developing and cementing force in strengthening communal harmony harmony and national integration. • Affordability and comprehensive aspects are no less important in a view of prevailing literacy levels most of the people can receive and comprehend only the information ad by radio. • Radio assume more significance in a country which is fighting with the problems of poverty illiteracy in health and social evils. It has great ability to inform and educate and can be used as a powerful tool for the web development. • Radio has contributed significantly to the creation of an informed society which is the first foremost condition of development.
- 5. Elements • Spoken word • Music • Sound effects • Pauses/siloence
- 6. Its working • The radio equipment that sends out a radio waves is known as a transmitter the radio wave sent by a transmitter visit through the air maybe from one side of the world to the other and completes its journey when it reaches a second piece of equipment called receiver.
- 7. Summary • Medium of sound and voice • link between speaker and listener • intimate medium • mobile medium • quick and inexpensive medium • no Electric Supply needed • no literacy issue • while reach locals rural and national • easy to use • portable handy cheap.
- 8. Radio Broadcasting (in India pre and post independence) • Broadcasting begin in India with the formation of a private radio station in Madras in 1924 • In the same year the British colonial government granted licence to a private company the Indian Broadcasting Company to open radio stations in Mumbai and Calcutta • The company went bankrupt in 1930 and capital government took over the to transmitters and the department of labour and industries started operating them as the Indian state broadcasting Corporation • In 1936 the corporation was renamed All India Radio (AIR) and placed under the department of Communications • When India became independent in 1947, was made a separate Department under the ministry of Information and Broadcasting • At the Independence the Congress government under the Jawaharlal Nehru had three major roles to achieve political integration economic development social modernization • When India became independent in 1947 India had only 6 stations Delhi Bombay Calcutta Madras Lucknow and Tiruchirapalli, three radio stations at Lahore Peshawar and Karachi sale in the share of Pakistan, total number of radio sets at that time were 275000 in India • 3rd October 1957 Vividh Bharti service was launched to compete with radio Ceylon. • Television broadcasting begin in 1959 as a part of a year but was split off from the radio network as Doordarshan on 1st April 1976 • FM broadcasting begin on 23rd July 1977 in Chennai and was expanded during the 1990s.
- 9. Different types of radio stations (on the basis of reach) National One of the national channel is a IR started functioning on May 18 1998. It caters information from all states of the country weather news events and political views of sports and present it to the public as per their names. Translate centrally originated news bulletins in Hindi and English plays sports music newsreel spoken word. • Language is broadcasted are Hindi English and Urdu. • It has women programs spreading awareness and information about women Health Family food and nutrition women entrepreneurship education sector including adult education and gender issues.
- 10. • Regional These regional stations work in a favour of a state to present news programs music and bulletins. • Local radio A new concept of broadcasting bare programs are area specific they are flexible and spontaneous enough to enable the station to function as the mouth fees of the local community • Community It's a service that offers a third model of radio broadcasting beyond commercial and public services the community radio stations are operated owned and driven by the countries communities they serve. They are rent for profit and provides a mechanism for facilitating individuals groups and communities to tell their drivers stories to share experiences and innomedia richworld to become active creators and contributors of media.
- 11. On the basis of transmission A.m. 1870 amplitude modulation • Radio range 5 3 7 - 7 0 5 khz frequency ,600 M - 11 M wave length • Transmitting information in the form of electromagnetic waves it works by modulating the amplitude of the signals • It is used worldwide primarily for medium wave transmission but also on the long wave and shortwave radio band. • am broadcasters tend to specialise in spoken Word format such as talk radio all news and sports leaving the broadcasting of music mainly to FM and digital station. • Am radio stations technology is simpler than later Transmission Systems, • Disrupted by metal structures and tall buildings in large areas • Does best in areas with short FM frequencies supply or thinly populated on mountain areas • Great care must be taken to avoid mutual interference • Summary- low bandwidth more stations available in every frequency people transmitted over a long distance
- 12. Summary • low bandwidth • more stations available in every frequency • messages transmitted over a long distance
- 13. FM frequency modulation 1930 by Edwin Armstrong • 3.14 m- 2.9 m wavelength. 88 megahertz 125 megahertz frequency • Sometimes a radio program is added to the career in such a way that the program signals causes fluctuations in the carrier frequency this is called frequency modulation. • FM broadcasting method is radio broadcasting using frequency modulation • Invented by American engineer Edwin Armstrong in 1933 wideband FM is used worldwide to provide highly Fidelity sound over broadcast radio • FM broadcasting is capable of better sound quality than a.m. broadcasting, The chief broadcasting Technology so it is used for most music broadcast • FM broadcasting radio stations use the vhf frequency the term FM band describes The frequencies band in a given country which is dedicated to FM broadcasting
- 14. Summary • remains constant • better sound • high bandwidth signals affected by physical barriers
- 15. Short wave (SW) • Shortwave radio is the radio transmission using shortwave radio frequencies • Radio waves in the short wave band can be reflected or refracted from a layer of electrically charged atoms in the atmosphere. Therefore short waves directed at an angle into sky can be reflected back to the earth at a great distance Beyond The Horizon. • Does shortwave radio can be used for very long distance communication in contrast to radio waves of higher frequency which travel in straight lines • Shortwave radio is used for broadcasting of voice and music to shortwave distances over very large areas • It is also used for military Over The Horizon radar diplomatic communication and two way International communication by amateur radio for hobby educational and emergency purposes as well as for long distances evolution and Marine communication
- 16. ADVANTAGES • Low cost wide availability • Receivers can be built easily • It's receivers are portable battery oriented • Can be used in no internet or satellite communication situations • Covers large geographical area • Robust communication and needs little infrastructure
- 17. DISADVANTAGES • Western countries shortwave radio is limited due to usage of standard radios • In developed World shortwave reception is difficult in urban areas because of excessive noise
- 18. RADIO WEB • Radio wave integrates the various aspects of engaging with music listening experiencing exploring discovering and buying • It is the only online musical service that offers curated music combining the intimacy and simplicity of radio with the richness of content that the web enables. • Channels on radio web offer thematically presented music in the form of programs that are often related to events people and places a suit associated with music. • The programs are presented by RJ who host the show and provide information and can text to the music.
- 20. GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE NEWS WING ENGINEE RING WING PROGRA MMING WING ADMINISTRAT ION AND A/C WING AUDIENCE RESEARCH
- 21. • Programming wing: is divided into a number of production units such as talks unit women and children programs unit form and home unit youth programs units additional programs unit education unit science is SG musical family welfare unit broadcasting unit. • News wing: is headed by the joint director or News editor and is assisted by server details and news reporters for news reporting and gestures there are staff correspondence supported by number of part time correspondence or stringers, News editing is done by the news reader. • Engineering wings: the head of the engineering being is an engineer or the supritendent he she controls and coordinates all the actions of the state assisted by engineer engineers senior engineers assisting technical staff by handling all program organisation and transition including relays for Delhi and other regions. • Administration and accounting wings: it is headed by administrative officer assisted by headache accountant and number of assistants. • Audience research: it is supported by a field investigator feedback which helps them to formulate programs for the audience research.
- 22. Private Radio Stations Structure and Functionaries • Programming with handles the content generation • Engineering wing handles the broadcasting of content • Administration mains facilitates and connects the two wings functionaries Radio station is a centre of the production house and transmission of a.m. or FM radio broadcast. In a radio station namely there are three wings above-mentioned.
- 23. Layout of a Radio Station
- 24. STUDIO • A studio is a place where recording of a program takes place without the interference of noise they are sound proof rooms where a speaker functions they have sound lock and heavy dose along with perforated ceilings and walls. • The studio consists of a moving chair and a suitable microphone for the occasion along with a computer CD player tapes decks and mixtures • It is an actual broadcast Studio from where presenters make announcements and a studio is also called a and an announcer's both are a transmission studio.
- 25. CONTROL ROOM • It is a mean technical area of the radio station wear whatever is spoken or played from a CD player computer set is sent to this control room. • From here the content is sent to the transmitters for the onward transmission • A lot of changes are made when one speaks through a microphone
- 26. TRANSMITTER • transmitter is the equipment through which we receive the radio broadcast on our radio sets. • The strength and type of a transmitter determine the coverage of the area of a broadcast. • The transmitters send the sound waves to the listeners radio sets which convert them into sounds and there is no time gap in the whole process.
- 27. Government and private radio stations functionaries • Station director: Incharge of radio station and head of the programming being also called a manager. • Station engineers: Head of the engineering being responsible for all the technical work and group of professional technicians and engineers who operate and maintain broadcast equipments and control room. They are responsible for technical quality of the broadcast. • Program personnel: These are the persons who are engaged in Planning production preparation and presentation of radio programs. • Transmission staff: This stuff is responsible for a smooth and trouble free transmission process are known as transmission executives. • Radio announcer: They are the presenters of the program to convey information events news and entertainment shows. • Artist: In addition there are also music artists such as vocalist and instrumentalist who are eminent performers in their own fields and graded according to their experience.