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Basics of subnetting

aibad ahmed, profile picture
aibad ahmed

This document provides an introduction to subnetting and IP addressing. It begins with an overview of Todd Lammle and his background in networking certification. It then covers basic topics in IP addressing like binary numbering, IP address classes, and subnet masks. The bulk of the document focuses on explaining how to determine subnets, broadcast addresses, and host ranges for a given IP address and subnet mask through a process of asking six questions. It provides numerous examples of subnetting different IP addresses with different subnet masks.

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Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 1 WELCOME Subnet in your head in 90 minutes! Todd Lammle TO THE PATH OF SUCCESS
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 2 About Todd LammleAbout Todd Lammle • Sybex author – More than 40 titles published on Cisco; Microsoft; and, soon, wireless certification. • President, GlobalNet Training Inc. – Cisco, Microsoft, Security and Wireless certification hands-on courses. www.globalnettraining.com. • CEO, RouterSim, LLC – Cisco and Microsoft certification software products. www.routersim.com.
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 3 I Promise…..You can subnet in your head…..I Promise…..You can subnet in your head…..
WWW.GLOBALNETTRAINING.COM IP AddressingIP Addressing and Subnettingand Subnetting
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 5 IP AddressingIP Addressing • Hierarchical Addressing Framework. • Network.node addressing, 32 bits (four bytes). • The Hierarchical advantage is increased ability of addresses.
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 6 Binary NumberingBinary Numbering Defining basic IP addressing terms: Bit = One digit (one or a zero). Byte = Seven or eight bits (depends on parity). Octet = Always eight bits.
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 7 Binary to Decimal ConversionBinary to Decimal Conversion Converting binary to decimal examples: 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1: Bit values 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 = 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 = 255 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 = 15 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 = 85 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 = 131 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 = 22
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 8 Binary (Cont.)Binary (Cont.) Bits Binary Decimal 0 00000000 0 1 10000000 128 2 11000000 192 3 11100000 224 4 11110000 240 5 11111000 248 6 11111100 252 7 11111110 254 8 11111111 255
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 9 Math to Memorize!Math to Memorize! Subnet mask First Subnet 256-192 64 256-224 32 256-240 16 256-248 8 256-252 4
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 10 Powers of 2Powers of 2 21=2 22=4 23=8 24=16 25=32 26=64 27=128 28=256
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 11 IP AddressingIP Addressing 32 bits Network Host 255 1 byte 255 1 byte 255 1 byte 255 1 byte
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 12 IP AddressingIP AddressingIP AddressingIP Addressing 32 bits 255 255 255 255 Network Host 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 1 8 9 16 17 24 25 32 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 13 IP Address ClassesIP Address Classes 8 bits 8 bits8 bits8 bits Class A: Class B: Class C: Class D: Multicast Class E: Research NetworkNetwork HostHost HostHost HostHost NetworkNetwork NetworkNetwork HostHost HostHost NetworkNetwork NetworkNetwork NetworkNetwork HostHost
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 14 IP Address ClassesIP Address Classes 0NNNNNNN0NNNNNNN 00000000 = 0 01111111 = 127 Class A: Range (1-126) 10000000 =128 10111111 = 191 10NNNNNN10NNNNNN Class B: Range (128-191) Class C: 11000000 = 192 11011111 = 223 110NNNNN110NNNNN Range (192-223) Note: Class D range is 224-239
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 15 IP Address RangesIP Address Ranges 10.0.0.0 Network Address 10.0.0.1 First valid host 10.255.255.254 Last valid host 10.255.255.255 Broadcast Address 172.16.0.0 192.168.10.0 172.16.0.1 192.168.10.1 172.16.255.254 192.168.10.254 172.16.255.255 192.168.10.255
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 16 Addressing Without SubnetsAddressing Without Subnets 172.16.0.1 172.16.255.254172.16.0.2 Network 172.16.0.0
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 17 Addressing With SubnetsAddressing With SubnetsAddressing With SubnetsAddressing With Subnets Network 172.16.0.0 172.16.30.0 172.16.40.0 172.16.10.0 172.16.20.0
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 18 Subnet MasksSubnet Masks Class A default 255.0.0.0 Class B default 255.255.0.0 Class C default 255.255.255.0
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 19 How Do You Determine the Mask?How Do You Determine the Mask? • Count the number of subnets in the network and remember to think about growth. • Count the number of hosts in each subnet and remember to think about growth.
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 20 After You Choose a Subnet Mask… Just ask Six Questions!Just ask Six Questions! 1. How many subnets? 2. How many hosts per subnet? 3. What are the subnets? 4. What’s the broadcast address? 5. What’s the first valid host address? 6. What’s the last valid host address?
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 21 Now, Get Six Answers!Now, Get Six Answers! 1. 2subnet bits -2= amount of subnets. 2. 2host bits-2 = amount of hosts per subnet. 3. 256-subnet mask = base number. 4. Broadcast address = next subnet –1. 5. First valid host = subnet + 1. 6. Last valid host = broadcast – 1. (Valid hosts must not be all 0s or all 1s).
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 22 Easy SubnettingEasy Subnetting 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.192 22-2=2 26-2=62 256-192= 64 128 Network 65 129 First Host 126 190 Last Host 127 191 Broadcast
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 23 Now Implement It….Now Implement It…. .131.130 .132.66 .67 .65 .129 .68 192.168.10.64 192.168.10.128
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 24 Easy SubnettingEasy Subnetting 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.224 23-2=6 25-2=30 256-224= 32 64 96 128 160 192 33 65 97 129 161 193 62 94 126 158 190 222 63 95 127 159 191 223
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 25 Now Implement It….Now Implement It…. 192.168.10.32 192.168.10.64 .97 .33 .65 .66 .34 .35 .36 .130 .131 .132 192.168.10.128.129 .98 .99 .100 192.168.10.96
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 26 Easy SubnettingEasy Subnetting 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.240 24-2=14 24-2=14 256-240= 16 32 48 64…224 Network 17 33 49 65…225 First Host 30 46 62 78…238 Last Host 31 47 63 79…239 Broadcast
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 27 Easy SubnettingEasy SubnettingEasy SubnettingEasy Subnetting 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.248 25-2=30 23-2=6 256-248= 8 16 24 32…240 Network 9 17 25 33…241 First Host 14 22 30 38…242 Last Host 15 23 31 39…247 Broadcast
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 28 Easy SubnettingEasy Subnetting 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.252 26-2=62 22-2=2 256-252= 4 8 12 16…248 Network 5 9 13 17…249 First Host 6 10 14 18…250 Last Host 7 11 15 19…251 Broadcast
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 29 Now Implement It….Now Implement It…. 192.168.10.8 .13 .5 .14 .10 .9 .18 192.168.10.16 .17 192.168.10.12 .6 192.168.10.4
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 30 Very Easy SubnettingVery Easy Subnetting 192.168.10.68 255.255.255.192 When viewing an IP address and subnet mask, just answer three easy questions: What’s the valid subnet? What’s the broadcast address? What’s the valid host range?
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 31 AnswerAnswer 256-192= 64 128 Subnet 65 129 First Host 126 190 Last Host 127 191 Broadcast
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 32 Very Easy SubnettingVery Easy Subnetting 192.168.10. 65 255.255.255.224
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 33 AnswerAnswer 192.168.10. 65 255.255.255.224 256-224=32, 64, 96 Subnet = 64 Broadcast = 95
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 34 Very Easy SubnettingVery Easy Subnetting 192.168.10.38 255.255.255.240
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 35 Answer:Answer: 192.168.10.38 255.255.255.240 256-240=16, 32, 48 Subnet = 32 Broadcast = 47
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 36 Very Easy SubnettingVery Easy Subnetting 192.168.10. 26 255.255.255.248
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 37 Answer:Answer: 192.168.10. 26 255.255.255.248 256-248=8, 16, 24, 32 Subnet = 24 Broadcast = 31
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 38 Very Easy SubnettingVery Easy Subnetting 192.168.10.13 255.255.255.252
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 39 Answer:Answer: 192.168.10.13 255.255.255.252 256-252=4, 8, 12, 16 Subnet = 12 Broadcast = 15
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 40 Very Easy SubnettingVery Easy Subnetting 192.168.10.99 255.255.255.248
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 41 Very Easy SubnettingVery Easy Subnetting 192.168.10.99 255.255.255.192
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 42 Very Easy SubnettingVery Easy Subnetting 192.168.10.69 255.255.255.224
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 43 Very Easy SubnettingVery Easy Subnetting 192.168.10.25 255.255.255.252
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 44 Subnetting QuestionSubnetting Question • Which mask would you assign if you had a class C address with a maximum of 35 hosts per network?
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 45 Answer:Answer: • 255.255.255.192=62 hosts per subnet • 255.255.255.224=30 hosts per subnet • 255.255.255.240=14 hosts per subnet • 255.255.255.248=6 hosts per subnet • 255.255.255.252=2 hosts per subnet
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 46 QuestionQuestion How many subnets and hosts? • 192.168.10.0/26
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 47 Answer:Answer: /24 = 255.255.255.0 /25 = 255.255.255.128 /26 = 255.255.255.192 /27 = 255.255.255.224 /28 = 255.255.255.240 /29 = 255.255.255.248 /30 = 255.255.255.252 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.192 • Two subnets with 62 hosts each
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 48 Class B SubnettingClass B Subnetting 172.16.0.0 255.255.192.0 22-2=2 214-2=16,382 256-192= 64.0 128.0 Network 64.1 128.1 First Host 127.254 191.254 Last Host 127.255 191.255 Broadcast
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 49 Class B SubnettingClass B Subnetting 172.16.0.0 255.255.240.0 24-2=14 212-2=4094 256-240= 16.0 32.0… 224.0 Network 16.1 32.1… 224.1 First Host 31.254 47.254… 239.254 Last Host 31.255 47.255… 239.255 Broadcast
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 50 Class B SubnettingClass B Subnetting 172.16.0.0 255.255.248.0 25-2=30 211-2=2046 256-248= 8.0 16.0… 240.0 Network 8.1 16.1… 240.1 First Host 15.254 23.254… 247.254 Last Host 15.255 23.255… 247.255 Broadcast
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 51 Class B SubnettingClass B Subnetting 172.16.0.0 255.255.254.0 27-2=126 29-2=510 256-254= 2.0 16.0… 252.0 Network 2.1 16.1… 252.1 First Host 3.254 17.254… 253.254 Last Host 3.255 17.255… 253.255 Broadcast
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 52 Class B SubnettingClass B Subnetting 172.16.0.0 255.255.255.0 28-2=254 28-2=254 256-255= 1.0 2.0… 254.0 Network 1.1 2.1… 254.1 First Host 1.254 2.254… 254.254 Last Host 1.255 2.255… 254.255 Broadcast
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 53 Very Easy SubnettingVery Easy Subnetting 172.16.10.90 255.255.255.192
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 54 AnswerAnswer 172.16.10.90 255.255.255.192 256-192= 10.64 10.128 Subnet = 10.64 Broadcast = 10.127
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 55 Very Easy SubnettingVery Easy Subnetting 172.16.10.66 255.255.255.224
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 56 AnswerAnswer 172.16.10.66 255.255.255.224 256-224= 32, 64, 96 Subnet = 10.64 Broadcast = 10.95
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 57 Very Easy SubnettingVery Easy Subnetting 172.16.10.33 255.255.255.240
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 58 AnswerAnswer 172.16.10.33 255.255.255.240 256-240= 16, 32, 48 Subnet = 10.32 Broadcast = 10.47
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 59 Very Easy SubnettingVery Easy Subnetting 172.16.10.33 255.255.255.248
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 60 AnswerAnswer 172.16.10.33 255.255.255.248 256-248= 8, 16, 24, 32, 40 Subnet = 10.32 Broadcast = 10.39
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 61 Very Easy SubnettingVery Easy Subnetting 172.16.10.13 255.255.255.252
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 62 AnswerAnswer 172.16.10.13 255.255.255.252 256-252= 4, 8, 12, 16 Subnet = 10.12 Broadcast = 10.15
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 63 Subnet QuestionSubnet Question • If you had a class B address of 172.16.0.0, which mask would you use to provide a maximum of 100 hosts with more than 300 subnets?
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 64 Answer:Answer: • 255.255.255.192=1022 subnets, 62 hosts • 255.255.255.128 =510 subnets, 126 hosts • 255.255.255.0 = 254 subnet, 254 hosts Start at 255.255.255.0, which provides 254 subnets, each with 254 hosts. Then move right if you need more subnets, or left if you need more hosts. In this example, we move right with the subnet bits because we need more subnets.
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 65 QuestionQuestion • The network 172.16.0.0 needs to be divided into subnet where you have over 400 hosts in each subnet. What is your mask?
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 66 Answer:Answer: 172.16.0.0 with over 400 hosts per subnet. Start at 255.255.255.0, which provides 254 subnets, each with 254 hosts. Then move right if you need more subnets, or left if you need more hosts. In this example, we move left with the subnet bits because we need more hosts. • 255.255.254.0 126 subnets, each with 510 hosts
Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 67 Questions?Questions? Please see: • www.lammle.com • www.lammleprep.com • www.routersim.com • www.globalnettraining.com

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Basics of subnetting

  • 1. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 1 WELCOME Subnet in your head in 90 minutes! Todd Lammle TO THE PATH OF SUCCESS
  • 2. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 2 About Todd LammleAbout Todd Lammle • Sybex author – More than 40 titles published on Cisco; Microsoft; and, soon, wireless certification. • President, GlobalNet Training Inc. – Cisco, Microsoft, Security and Wireless certification hands-on courses. www.globalnettraining.com. • CEO, RouterSim, LLC – Cisco and Microsoft certification software products. www.routersim.com.
  • 3. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 3 I Promise…..You can subnet in your head…..I Promise…..You can subnet in your head…..
  • 5. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 5 IP AddressingIP Addressing • Hierarchical Addressing Framework. • Network.node addressing, 32 bits (four bytes). • The Hierarchical advantage is increased ability of addresses.
  • 6. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 6 Binary NumberingBinary Numbering Defining basic IP addressing terms: Bit = One digit (one or a zero). Byte = Seven or eight bits (depends on parity). Octet = Always eight bits.
  • 7. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 7 Binary to Decimal ConversionBinary to Decimal Conversion Converting binary to decimal examples: 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1: Bit values 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 = 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 = 255 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 = 15 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 = 85 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 = 131 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 = 22
  • 8. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 8 Binary (Cont.)Binary (Cont.) Bits Binary Decimal 0 00000000 0 1 10000000 128 2 11000000 192 3 11100000 224 4 11110000 240 5 11111000 248 6 11111100 252 7 11111110 254 8 11111111 255
  • 9. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 9 Math to Memorize!Math to Memorize! Subnet mask First Subnet 256-192 64 256-224 32 256-240 16 256-248 8 256-252 4
  • 10. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 10 Powers of 2Powers of 2 21=2 22=4 23=8 24=16 25=32 26=64 27=128 28=256
  • 11. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 11 IP AddressingIP Addressing 32 bits Network Host 255 1 byte 255 1 byte 255 1 byte 255 1 byte
  • 12. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 12 IP AddressingIP AddressingIP AddressingIP Addressing 32 bits 255 255 255 255 Network Host 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 1 8 9 16 17 24 25 32 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
  • 13. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 13 IP Address ClassesIP Address Classes 8 bits 8 bits8 bits8 bits Class A: Class B: Class C: Class D: Multicast Class E: Research NetworkNetwork HostHost HostHost HostHost NetworkNetwork NetworkNetwork HostHost HostHost NetworkNetwork NetworkNetwork NetworkNetwork HostHost
  • 14. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 14 IP Address ClassesIP Address Classes 0NNNNNNN0NNNNNNN 00000000 = 0 01111111 = 127 Class A: Range (1-126) 10000000 =128 10111111 = 191 10NNNNNN10NNNNNN Class B: Range (128-191) Class C: 11000000 = 192 11011111 = 223 110NNNNN110NNNNN Range (192-223) Note: Class D range is 224-239
  • 15. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 15 IP Address RangesIP Address Ranges 10.0.0.0 Network Address 10.0.0.1 First valid host 10.255.255.254 Last valid host 10.255.255.255 Broadcast Address 172.16.0.0 192.168.10.0 172.16.0.1 192.168.10.1 172.16.255.254 192.168.10.254 172.16.255.255 192.168.10.255
  • 16. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 16 Addressing Without SubnetsAddressing Without Subnets 172.16.0.1 172.16.255.254172.16.0.2 Network 172.16.0.0
  • 17. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 17 Addressing With SubnetsAddressing With SubnetsAddressing With SubnetsAddressing With Subnets Network 172.16.0.0 172.16.30.0 172.16.40.0 172.16.10.0 172.16.20.0
  • 18. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 18 Subnet MasksSubnet Masks Class A default 255.0.0.0 Class B default 255.255.0.0 Class C default 255.255.255.0
  • 19. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 19 How Do You Determine the Mask?How Do You Determine the Mask? • Count the number of subnets in the network and remember to think about growth. • Count the number of hosts in each subnet and remember to think about growth.
  • 20. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 20 After You Choose a Subnet Mask… Just ask Six Questions!Just ask Six Questions! 1. How many subnets? 2. How many hosts per subnet? 3. What are the subnets? 4. What’s the broadcast address? 5. What’s the first valid host address? 6. What’s the last valid host address?
  • 21. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 21 Now, Get Six Answers!Now, Get Six Answers! 1. 2subnet bits -2= amount of subnets. 2. 2host bits-2 = amount of hosts per subnet. 3. 256-subnet mask = base number. 4. Broadcast address = next subnet –1. 5. First valid host = subnet + 1. 6. Last valid host = broadcast – 1. (Valid hosts must not be all 0s or all 1s).
  • 22. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 22 Easy SubnettingEasy Subnetting 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.192 22-2=2 26-2=62 256-192= 64 128 Network 65 129 First Host 126 190 Last Host 127 191 Broadcast
  • 23. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 23 Now Implement It….Now Implement It…. .131.130 .132.66 .67 .65 .129 .68 192.168.10.64 192.168.10.128
  • 24. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 24 Easy SubnettingEasy Subnetting 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.224 23-2=6 25-2=30 256-224= 32 64 96 128 160 192 33 65 97 129 161 193 62 94 126 158 190 222 63 95 127 159 191 223
  • 25. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 25 Now Implement It….Now Implement It…. 192.168.10.32 192.168.10.64 .97 .33 .65 .66 .34 .35 .36 .130 .131 .132 192.168.10.128.129 .98 .99 .100 192.168.10.96
  • 26. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 26 Easy SubnettingEasy Subnetting 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.240 24-2=14 24-2=14 256-240= 16 32 48 64…224 Network 17 33 49 65…225 First Host 30 46 62 78…238 Last Host 31 47 63 79…239 Broadcast
  • 27. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 27 Easy SubnettingEasy SubnettingEasy SubnettingEasy Subnetting 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.248 25-2=30 23-2=6 256-248= 8 16 24 32…240 Network 9 17 25 33…241 First Host 14 22 30 38…242 Last Host 15 23 31 39…247 Broadcast
  • 28. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 28 Easy SubnettingEasy Subnetting 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.252 26-2=62 22-2=2 256-252= 4 8 12 16…248 Network 5 9 13 17…249 First Host 6 10 14 18…250 Last Host 7 11 15 19…251 Broadcast
  • 29. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 29 Now Implement It….Now Implement It…. 192.168.10.8 .13 .5 .14 .10 .9 .18 192.168.10.16 .17 192.168.10.12 .6 192.168.10.4
  • 30. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 30 Very Easy SubnettingVery Easy Subnetting 192.168.10.68 255.255.255.192 When viewing an IP address and subnet mask, just answer three easy questions: What’s the valid subnet? What’s the broadcast address? What’s the valid host range?
  • 31. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 31 AnswerAnswer 256-192= 64 128 Subnet 65 129 First Host 126 190 Last Host 127 191 Broadcast
  • 32. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 32 Very Easy SubnettingVery Easy Subnetting 192.168.10. 65 255.255.255.224
  • 33. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 33 AnswerAnswer 192.168.10. 65 255.255.255.224 256-224=32, 64, 96 Subnet = 64 Broadcast = 95
  • 34. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 34 Very Easy SubnettingVery Easy Subnetting 192.168.10.38 255.255.255.240
  • 35. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 35 Answer:Answer: 192.168.10.38 255.255.255.240 256-240=16, 32, 48 Subnet = 32 Broadcast = 47
  • 36. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 36 Very Easy SubnettingVery Easy Subnetting 192.168.10. 26 255.255.255.248
  • 37. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 37 Answer:Answer: 192.168.10. 26 255.255.255.248 256-248=8, 16, 24, 32 Subnet = 24 Broadcast = 31
  • 38. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 38 Very Easy SubnettingVery Easy Subnetting 192.168.10.13 255.255.255.252
  • 39. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 39 Answer:Answer: 192.168.10.13 255.255.255.252 256-252=4, 8, 12, 16 Subnet = 12 Broadcast = 15
  • 40. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 40 Very Easy SubnettingVery Easy Subnetting 192.168.10.99 255.255.255.248
  • 41. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 41 Very Easy SubnettingVery Easy Subnetting 192.168.10.99 255.255.255.192
  • 42. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 42 Very Easy SubnettingVery Easy Subnetting 192.168.10.69 255.255.255.224
  • 43. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 43 Very Easy SubnettingVery Easy Subnetting 192.168.10.25 255.255.255.252
  • 44. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 44 Subnetting QuestionSubnetting Question • Which mask would you assign if you had a class C address with a maximum of 35 hosts per network?
  • 45. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 45 Answer:Answer: • 255.255.255.192=62 hosts per subnet • 255.255.255.224=30 hosts per subnet • 255.255.255.240=14 hosts per subnet • 255.255.255.248=6 hosts per subnet • 255.255.255.252=2 hosts per subnet
  • 46. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 46 QuestionQuestion How many subnets and hosts? • 192.168.10.0/26
  • 47. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 47 Answer:Answer: /24 = 255.255.255.0 /25 = 255.255.255.128 /26 = 255.255.255.192 /27 = 255.255.255.224 /28 = 255.255.255.240 /29 = 255.255.255.248 /30 = 255.255.255.252 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.192 • Two subnets with 62 hosts each
  • 48. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 48 Class B SubnettingClass B Subnetting 172.16.0.0 255.255.192.0 22-2=2 214-2=16,382 256-192= 64.0 128.0 Network 64.1 128.1 First Host 127.254 191.254 Last Host 127.255 191.255 Broadcast
  • 49. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 49 Class B SubnettingClass B Subnetting 172.16.0.0 255.255.240.0 24-2=14 212-2=4094 256-240= 16.0 32.0… 224.0 Network 16.1 32.1… 224.1 First Host 31.254 47.254… 239.254 Last Host 31.255 47.255… 239.255 Broadcast
  • 50. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 50 Class B SubnettingClass B Subnetting 172.16.0.0 255.255.248.0 25-2=30 211-2=2046 256-248= 8.0 16.0… 240.0 Network 8.1 16.1… 240.1 First Host 15.254 23.254… 247.254 Last Host 15.255 23.255… 247.255 Broadcast
  • 51. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 51 Class B SubnettingClass B Subnetting 172.16.0.0 255.255.254.0 27-2=126 29-2=510 256-254= 2.0 16.0… 252.0 Network 2.1 16.1… 252.1 First Host 3.254 17.254… 253.254 Last Host 3.255 17.255… 253.255 Broadcast
  • 52. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 52 Class B SubnettingClass B Subnetting 172.16.0.0 255.255.255.0 28-2=254 28-2=254 256-255= 1.0 2.0… 254.0 Network 1.1 2.1… 254.1 First Host 1.254 2.254… 254.254 Last Host 1.255 2.255… 254.255 Broadcast
  • 53. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 53 Very Easy SubnettingVery Easy Subnetting 172.16.10.90 255.255.255.192
  • 54. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 54 AnswerAnswer 172.16.10.90 255.255.255.192 256-192= 10.64 10.128 Subnet = 10.64 Broadcast = 10.127
  • 55. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 55 Very Easy SubnettingVery Easy Subnetting 172.16.10.66 255.255.255.224
  • 56. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 56 AnswerAnswer 172.16.10.66 255.255.255.224 256-224= 32, 64, 96 Subnet = 10.64 Broadcast = 10.95
  • 57. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 57 Very Easy SubnettingVery Easy Subnetting 172.16.10.33 255.255.255.240
  • 58. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 58 AnswerAnswer 172.16.10.33 255.255.255.240 256-240= 16, 32, 48 Subnet = 10.32 Broadcast = 10.47
  • 59. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 59 Very Easy SubnettingVery Easy Subnetting 172.16.10.33 255.255.255.248
  • 60. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 60 AnswerAnswer 172.16.10.33 255.255.255.248 256-248= 8, 16, 24, 32, 40 Subnet = 10.32 Broadcast = 10.39
  • 61. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 61 Very Easy SubnettingVery Easy Subnetting 172.16.10.13 255.255.255.252
  • 62. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 62 AnswerAnswer 172.16.10.13 255.255.255.252 256-252= 4, 8, 12, 16 Subnet = 10.12 Broadcast = 10.15
  • 63. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 63 Subnet QuestionSubnet Question • If you had a class B address of 172.16.0.0, which mask would you use to provide a maximum of 100 hosts with more than 300 subnets?
  • 64. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 64 Answer:Answer: • 255.255.255.192=1022 subnets, 62 hosts • 255.255.255.128 =510 subnets, 126 hosts • 255.255.255.0 = 254 subnet, 254 hosts Start at 255.255.255.0, which provides 254 subnets, each with 254 hosts. Then move right if you need more subnets, or left if you need more hosts. In this example, we move right with the subnet bits because we need more subnets.
  • 65. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 65 QuestionQuestion • The network 172.16.0.0 needs to be divided into subnet where you have over 400 hosts in each subnet. What is your mask?
  • 66. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 66 Answer:Answer: 172.16.0.0 with over 400 hosts per subnet. Start at 255.255.255.0, which provides 254 subnets, each with 254 hosts. Then move right if you need more subnets, or left if you need more hosts. In this example, we move left with the subnet bits because we need more hosts. • 255.255.254.0 126 subnets, each with 510 hosts
  • 67. Globalnet Training Inc. - CCNA/DA Copyright 2002/2003 67 Questions?Questions? Please see: • www.lammle.com • www.lammleprep.com • www.routersim.com • www.globalnettraining.com