belajar HTML 3

HTML
IMAGES, TABLES, LISTS, BLOCKS,
LAYOUT, FORMS, IFRAMES

HTML IMAGES
HTML Images - The <img> Tag and the Src Attribute
In HTML, images are defined with the <img> tag.
The <img> tag is empty, which means that it contains attributes only,
and has no closing tag.
To display an image on a page, you need to use the src attribute. Src
stands for "source". The value of the src attribute is the URL of the
image you want to display.
Syntax for defining an image:
Apep Kamaludin, MT. | http://www.w3schools.com
<img src="url" alt="some_text">

HTML IMAGES
The URL points to the location where the image is stored. An
image named "boat.gif", located in the "images" directory on
"www.w3schools.com" has the URL:
http://www.w3schools.com/images/boat.gif
The browser displays the image where the <img> tag occurs in
the document. If you put an image tag between two paragraphs,
the browser shows the first paragraph, then the image, and then
the second paragraph.

HTML IMAGES
HTML Images - The Alt Attribute
The required alt attribute specifies an alternate text for an image,
if the image cannot be displayed.
The value of the alt attribute is an author-defined text:
The alt attribute provides alternative information for an image if a
user for some reason cannot view it (because of slow connection,
an error in the src attribute, or if the user uses a screen reader).
<img src="boat.gif" alt="Big Boat">

HTML IMAGES
HTML Images - Set Height and Width of an Image
The height and width attributes are used to specify the height and
width of an image.
The attribute values are specified in pixels by default:
Tip: It is a good practice to specify both the height and width
attributes for an image. If these attributes are set, the space
required for the image is reserved when the page is loaded.
However, without these attributes, the browser does not know the
size of the image. The effect will be that the page layout will
change during loading (while the images load).
<img src="pulpit.jpg" alt="Pulpit rock" width="304" height="228">

HTML IMAGES
Basic Notes - Useful Tips
Note: If an HTML file contains ten images - eleven files are
required to display the page right. Loading images takes time, so
my best advice is: Use images carefully.
Note: When a web page is loaded, it is the browser, at that
moment, that actually gets the image from a web server and
inserts it into the page. Therefore, make sure that the images
actually stay in the same spot in relation to the web page,
otherwise your visitors will get a broken link icon. The broken link
icon is shown if the browser cannot find the image.

HTML TABLES
Apples 44%
Bananas 23%
Oranges 13%
Other 10%
Examples :

HTML TABLES
HTML Tables
Tables are defined with the <table> tag.
A table is divided into rows (with the <tr> tag), and each row is
divided into data cells (with the <td> tag). td stands for "table
data," and holds the content of a data cell. A <td> tag can contain
text, links, images, lists, forms, other tables, etc.

HTML TABLES
Table Example
How the HTML code above looks in a browser:
row 1, cell 1 row 1, cell 2
<table border="1">
<tr>
<td>row 1, cell 1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
</tr>
</table>

HTML TABLES
HTML Tables and the Border Attribute
If you do not specify a border attribute, the table will be displayed
without borders. Sometimes this can be useful, but most of the
time, we want the borders to show.
To display a table with borders, specify the border attribute:
<table border="1">
<tr>
<td>Row 1, cell 1</td>
<td>Row 1, cell 2</td>
</tr>
</table>

HTML TABLES
HTML Table Headers
Header information in a table are defined with the <th> tag.
All major browsers display the text in the <th> element as bold and
centered.
Header 1 Header 2
<table border="1">
<tr>
<th>Header 1</th>
<th>Header 2</th>
</tr>
<tr>
</tr>
<tr>
</tr>
</table>

HTML TABLES
Tag Description
<table> Defines a table
<th> Defines a header cell in a table
<tr> Defines a row in a table
<td> Defines a cell in a table
<caption> Defines a table caption
<colgroup> Specifies a group of one or more columns in a table for formatting
<col> Specifies column properties for each column within a <colgroup> element
<thead> Groups the header content in a table
<tbody> Groups the body content in a table
<tfoot> Groups the footer content in a table
HTML Table Tags

HTML LISTS
The most common HTML lists are ordered and unordered lists:
An ordered list:
1.The first list item
2.The second list item
3.The third list item
An unordered list:
•List item
•List item
•List item

HTML LISTS
HTML Unordered Lists
An unordered list starts with the <ul> tag. Each list item starts with
the <li> tag.
The list items are marked with bullets (typically small black circles).
• Coffee
• Milk
<ul>
<li>Coffee</li>
<li>Milk</li>
</ul>

HTML LISTS
HTML Ordered Lists
An ordered list starts with the <ol> tag. Each list item starts with the
<li> tag.
The list items are marked with numbers.
1. Coffee
2. Milk
<ol>
<li>Coffee</li>
<li>Milk</li>
</ol>

HTML LISTS
HTML Definition Lists
A definition list is a list of items, with a description of each item.
The <dl> tag defines a definition list.
The <dl> tag is used in conjunction with <dt> (defines the item in the list) and <dd> (describes
the item in the list):
Coffee
- black hot drink
Milk
- white cold drink
Tip: Inside a list item you can put text, line breaks, images, links, other lists, etc.
<dl>
<dt>Coffee</dt>
<dd>- black hot drink</dd>
<dt>Milk</dt>
<dd>- white cold drink</dd>
</dl>

HTML LISTS
HTML List Tags
Tag Description
<ol> Defines an ordered list
<ul> Defines an unordered list
<li> Defines a list item
<dl> Defines a definition list
<dt> Defines an item in a definition list
<dd> Defines a description of an item in a
definition list

HTML <DIV> AND <SPAN>
HTML elements can be grouped together with <div> and <span>.
HTML Block Elements
Most HTML elements are defined as block level elements or
as inline elements.
Block level elements normally start (and end) with a new line
when displayed in a browser.
Examples: <h1>, <p>, <ul>, <table>
HTML Inline Elements
Inline elements are normally displayed without starting a new line.
Examples: <b>, <td>, <a>, <img>

The HTML <div> Element
The HTML <div> element is a block level element that can be
used as a container for grouping other HTML elements.
The <div> element has no special meaning. Except that,
because it is a block level element, the browser will display a line
break before and after it.
When used together with CSS, the <div> element can be used to
set style attributes to large blocks of content.
Another common use of the <div> element, is for document
layout. It replaces the "old way" of defining layout using tables.
Using tables is not the correct use of the <table> element. The
purpose of the <table> element is to display tabular data.

The HTML <span> Element
The HTML <span> element is an inline element that can be used
as a container for text.
The <span> element has no special meaning.
When used together with CSS, the <span> element can be used
to set style attributes to parts of the text.

HTML Grouping Tags
Tag Description
<div> Defines a section in a document (block-level)
<span> Defines a section in a document (inline)

HTML LAYOUTS
Website Layouts
Most websites have put their content in multiple columns
(formatted like a magazine or newspaper).
Multiple columns are created by using <div> or <table> elements.
CSS are used to position elements, or to create backgrounds or
colorful look for the pages.
Tip : Even though it is possible to create nice layouts with HTML tables, tables
were designed for presenting tabular data - NOT as a layout tool!

HTML LAYOUTS
HTML Layouts - Using <div> Elements
The div element is a block level element used for grouping HTML
elements.
The following example uses five div elements to create a multiple
column layout, creating the same result as in the previous
example:

HTML LAYOUTS
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<div id="container" style="width:500px">
<div id="header" style="background-color:#FFA500;">
<h1 style="margin-bottom:0;">Main Title of Web Page</h1></div>
<div id="menu" style="background-
color:#FFD700;height:200px;width:100px;float:left;">
<b>Menu</b><br>
HTML<br>
CSS<br>
JavaScript</div>
<div id="content" style="background-
color:#EEEEEE;height:200px;width:400px;float:left;">
Content goes here</div>
<div id="footer" style="background-color:#FFA500;clear:both;text-align:center;">
Copyright © W3Schools.com</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

HTML LAYOUTS
The HTML code above will produce the following result:

HTML LAYOUTS
HTML Layouts - Using Tables
A simple way of creating layouts is by using the HTML <table>
tag.
Multiple columns are created by using <div> or <table> elements.
CSS are used to position elements, or to create backgrounds or
colorful look for the pages
The following example uses a table with 3 rows and 2 columns -
the first and last row spans both columns using the colspan
attribute:
Using <table> to create a nice layout is NOT the correct use of the
element. The purpose of the <table> element is to display tabular data!

HTML LAYOUTS
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<table width="500" border="0">
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color:#FFA500;">
<h1>Main Title of Web Page</h1>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:#FFD700;width:100px;text-align:top;">
<b>Menu</b><br>
HTML<br>
CSS<br>
JavaScript
</td>
<td style="background-color:#EEEEEE;height:200px;width:400px;text-align:top;">
Content goes here</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color:#FFA500;text-align:center;">
Copyright © W3Schools.com</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>

HTML LAYOUTS
The HTML code above will produce the following result:

HTML LAYOUTS
HTML Layout - Useful Tips
Tip: The biggest advantage of using CSS is that, if you place the
CSS code in an external style sheet, your site becomes MUCH
EASIER to maintain. You can change the layout of all your pages
by editing one file.
Tip: Because advanced layouts take time to create, a quicker
option is to use a template. Search Google for free website
templates (these are pre-built website layouts you can use and
customize).

HTML LAYOUTS
HTML Layout Tags
Tag Description
<div> Defines a section in a document (block-level)
<span> Defines a section in a document (inline)

HTML FORMS AND INPUT
HTML Forms
HTML forms are used to pass data to a server.
An HTML form can contain input elements like text fields,
checkboxes, radio-buttons, submit buttons and more. A form can
also contain select lists, textarea, fieldset, legend, and label
elements.
The <form> tag is used to create an HTML form:
<form>
.
input elements
.
</form>

HTML Forms - The Input Element
The most important form element is the <input> element.
The <input> element is used to select user information.
An <input> element can vary in many ways, depending on the
type attribute. An <input> element can be of type text field,
checkbox, password, radio button, submit button, and more.
The most common input types are described below.

Text Fields
<input type="text"> defines a one-line input field that a user can enter
text into:
First name:
Last name:
Note: The form itself is not visible. Also note that the default width of a text field is
20 characters.
<form>
First name: <input type="text" name="firstname"><br>
Last name: <input type="text" name="lastname">
</form>

Password Field
<input type="password"> defines a password field:
Password:
Note: The characters in a password field are masked (shown as asterisks or
circles).
<form>
Password: <input type="password" name="pwd">
</form>

Radio Buttons
<input type="radio"> defines a radio button. Radio buttons let a
user select ONLY ONE of a limited number of choices:
Male
Female
<form>
<input type="radio" name="sex" value="male">Male<br>
<input type="radio" name="sex" value="female">Female
</form>

Checkboxes
<input type="checkbox"> defines a checkbox. Checkboxes let a
user select ZERO or MORE options of a limited number of
choices.
I have a bike
I have a car
<form>
<input type="checkbox" name="vehicle" value="Bike">I have a bike<br>
<input type="checkbox" name="vehicle" value="Car">I have a car
</form>

Submit Button
<input type="submit"> defines a submit button.
A submit button is used to send form data to a server. The data is sent to the page
specified in the form's action attribute. The file defined in the action attribute usually
does something with the received input:
Username:
If you type some characters in the text field above, and click the "Submit" button, the
browser will send your input to a page called "html_form_action.asp". The page will
show you the received input.
<form name="input" action="html_form_action.asp" method="get">
Username: <input type="text" name="user">
<input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>
submit

HTML Form Tags
Tag Description
<form> Defines an HTML form for user input
<input> Defines an input control
<textarea> Defines a multiline input control (text area)
<label> Defines a label for an <input> element
<fieldset> Groups related elements in a form
<legend> Defines a caption for a <fieldset> element
<select> Defines a drop-down list
<optgroup> Defines a group of related options in a drop-down list
<option> Defines an option in a drop-down list
<button> Defines a clickable button
<datalist>New Specifies a list of pre-defined options for input controls
<keygen>New Defines a key-pair generator field (for forms)
<output>New Defines the result of a calculation

HTML IFRAMES
An iframe is used to display a web page within a web page.

HTML IFRAMES
Syntax for adding an iframe:
The URL points to the location of the separate page.
<iframe src="URL"></iframe>

HTML IFRAMES
Iframe - Set Height and Width
The height and width attributes are used to specify the height and
width of the iframe.
The attribute values are specified in pixels by default, but they can
also be in percent (like "80%").
Example :
<iframe src="demo_iframe.htm" width="200" height="200"></iframe>

HTML IFRAMES
Iframe - Remove the Border
The frameborder attribute specifies whether or not to display a
border around the iframe.
Set the attribute value to "0" to remove the border:
Example :
<iframe src="demo_iframe.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe>

HTML IFRAMES
Use iframe as a Target for a Link
An iframe can be used as the target frame for a link.
The target attribute of a link must refer to the name attribute of the
iframe.
Example :
<iframe src="demo_iframe.htm" name="iframe_a"></iframe>
<p><a href="http://www.w3schools.com" target="iframe_a">
W3Schools.com</a></p>

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