Bidirectional Programming for Self-adaptive Software
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The document discusses bidirectional programming for self-adaptive software, emphasizing its capabilities through the use of transformations such as 'get' and 'put'. It highlights the implementation of bidirectional programs (e.g., biflux, bigul) in various contexts, including event management and web server security configurations. The document also addresses the challenges of maintaining secure and adaptive systems, suggesting the potential for bidirectional programs to enhance self-adaptation.
![WHAT IS A
BIDIRECTIONAL
TRANSFORMATION?
get :: Source -> View
put :: Source -> View -> Source
S
S’
V
V’
get
put
[BX]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2015-09-08-shonan-lmontrieux-150930043823-lva1-app6891/85/Bidirectional-Programming-for-Self-adaptive-Software-3-320.jpg)
![WHAT IS A WELL-
BEHAVED
BIDIRECTIONAL
TRANSFORMATION?
GetPut: put s (get s) = s
S
S
V
get
put
[BX]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2015-09-08-shonan-lmontrieux-150930043823-lva1-app6891/85/Bidirectional-Programming-for-Self-adaptive-Software-4-320.jpg)
![WHAT IS A WELL-
BEHAVED
BIDIRECTIONAL
TRANSFORMATION?
PutGet: get(put s v) = v
S
S’ V
put
get
[BX]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2015-09-08-shonan-lmontrieux-150930043823-lva1-app6891/85/Bidirectional-Programming-for-Self-adaptive-Software-5-320.jpg)
![BIDIRECTIONAL PROGRAMS (BIFLUX)
• calendar
• event (work)
• name: Meeting
• date: 9 April 2015, 15:00
• location: room 2005
• notes: prepare slides
• event (private)
• name: Complaint
• date: 9 April 2015, 17:00
• location: pet shop
• notes: dead parrot
• calview
• event (work)
• name: Meeting
• date: 9 April 2015, 15:00
• location: room 2005
[BiFluX, SACMAT]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2015-09-08-shonan-lmontrieux-150930043823-lva1-app6891/85/Bidirectional-Programming-for-Self-adaptive-Software-6-320.jpg)
![BIDIRECTIONAL PROGRAMS (BIFLUX)
UPDATE $event IN $source/event BY
MATCH ->
REPLACE $event/starttime WITH $starttime;
REPLACE $event/endtime WITH $endtime;
REPLACE $event/location WITH $location
| UNMATCHV -> CREATE VALUE
<event>
<starttime/>
<endtime/>
<name/>
<note>nothing</note>
<location/>
<private>False</private>
</event>
| UNMATCHS -> DELETE .
FOR VIEW event[$starttime AS v:starttime,
$endtime AS v:endtime, $name AS v:name,
$location AS v:location] IN $view/*
MATCHING SOURCE BY $event/name VIEW BY $name
WHERE private/text() = 'False' [BiFluX, SACMAT]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2015-09-08-shonan-lmontrieux-150930043823-lva1-app6891/85/Bidirectional-Programming-for-Self-adaptive-Software-7-320.jpg)
![BIDIRECTIONAL PROGRAMS (BIGUL - SRC)
type ApiCalls = [SCall]
type SCall = (SPermissions, (File, (Line, (Protected, Deleted))))
type File = String
type Line = Int
type Deleted = Bool
type Name = String
type SPermissions = [SPermission]
type SPermission = (Name, [ApiVersion])
type Protected = String
type ApiVersion = String](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2015-09-08-shonan-lmontrieux-150930043823-lva1-app6891/85/Bidirectional-Programming-for-Self-adaptive-Software-9-320.jpg)
![BIDIRECTIONAL PROGRAMS (BIGUL - SRC)
type Calls = [VCall]
type VCall = (File, (Line, VPermissions))
type VPermissions = [VPermission]
type VPermission = Name](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2015-09-08-shonan-lmontrieux-150930043823-lva1-app6891/85/Bidirectional-Programming-for-Self-adaptive-Software-10-320.jpg)
![BIDIRECTIONAL PROGRAMS (BIGUL - UPD)
t :: MonadError' e m => ApiVersion -> BiGUL m ApiCalls Calls
t ver = Align ((ps, (f, (l, (ptd, del)))) -> return (not del))
((_, (f, (l, _))) (f', (l', _)) -> return (f == f' && l == l'))
(Rearr (RVar `RProd` (RVar `RProd` RVar))
(EDir (DRight (DRight DVar)) `EProd`
(EDir (DLeft DVar) `EProd`
(EDir (DRight (DLeft DVar)) `EProd`
(EConst () `EProd` EConst ()))))
(Update (UVar (Align ((_, vers) -> return (ver `elem` vers))
(_ _ -> return True)
(Rearr RVar (EDir DVar `EProd` EConst ())
(Update (UVar Replace `UProd` UVar Skip)))
(_ -> return ("", [ver]))
(_ -> return Nothing)) `UProd`
(UVar Replace `UProd`
(UVar Replace `UProd`
(UVar Skip `UProd` UVar Skip))))))
(_ -> return ([], ("", (0, ("", False)))))
((ps, (f, (l, (ptd, del)))) -> return (Just (ps, (f, (l, (ptd, True))))))](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2015-09-08-shonan-lmontrieux-150930043823-lva1-app6891/85/Bidirectional-Programming-for-Self-adaptive-Software-11-320.jpg)
![REFERENCES
• [BiFluX]: H. Pacheco,T. Zan, and Z. Hu,“BiFluX:A Bidirectional Functional Update
Language for XML,” in 6th International Symposium on Principles and Practice of
Declarative Programming (PPDP 2014), 2014.
• [BX]: S. Fischer, Z. Hu, and H. Pacheco,“‘Putback’ is the Essence of Bidirectional
Programming,” National Institute of Informatics, GRACE-TR 2012-08, Dec. 2012.
• [SACMAT]: L. Montrieux and Z. Hu,“Towards Attribute-Based Authorisation for
Bidirectional Programming,” 2015, pp. 185–196.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2015-09-08-shonan-lmontrieux-150930043823-lva1-app6891/85/Bidirectional-Programming-for-Self-adaptive-Software-27-320.jpg)
Bidirectional Programming for Self-adaptive Software
- 1. BIDIRECTIONAL PROGRAMMING FOR SELF-ADAPTIVE SOFTWARE Lionel Montrieux, NII <lionel@nii.ac.jp> based on discussions with Sebastian Uchitel (U. of Buenos Aires), Zhenjiang Hu (NII),Tao Zan (NII, SOKENDAI), Zirun Zhu (NII, SOKENDAI)
- 2. TAKE AWAY: BIDIRECTIONAL PROGRAMS ARE AWESOME,ANDYOU SHOULD USETHEM.
- 3. WHAT IS A BIDIRECTIONAL TRANSFORMATION? get :: Source -> View put :: Source -> View -> Source S S’ V V’ get put [BX]
- 4. WHAT IS A WELL- BEHAVED BIDIRECTIONAL TRANSFORMATION? GetPut: put s (get s) = s S S V get put [BX]
- 5. WHAT IS A WELL- BEHAVED BIDIRECTIONAL TRANSFORMATION? PutGet: get(put s v) = v S S’ V put get [BX]
- 6. BIDIRECTIONAL PROGRAMS (BIFLUX) • calendar • event (work) • name: Meeting • date: 9 April 2015, 15:00 • location: room 2005 • notes: prepare slides • event (private) • name: Complaint • date: 9 April 2015, 17:00 • location: pet shop • notes: dead parrot • calview • event (work) • name: Meeting • date: 9 April 2015, 15:00 • location: room 2005 [BiFluX, SACMAT]
- 7. BIDIRECTIONAL PROGRAMS (BIFLUX) UPDATE $event IN $source/event BY MATCH -> REPLACE $event/starttime WITH $starttime; REPLACE $event/endtime WITH $endtime; REPLACE $event/location WITH $location | UNMATCHV -> CREATE VALUE <event> <starttime/> <endtime/> <name/> <note>nothing</note> <location/> <private>False</private> </event> | UNMATCHS -> DELETE . FOR VIEW event[$starttime AS v:starttime, $endtime AS v:endtime, $name AS v:name, $location AS v:location] IN $view/* MATCHING SOURCE BY $event/name VIEW BY $name WHERE private/text() = 'False' [BiFluX, SACMAT]
- 8. BIDIRECTIONAL PROGRAMS (BIGUL) source DTD view DTDBiFluX update BiFluX BiGUL updatesource type view type BiGUL BX executable
- 9. BIDIRECTIONAL PROGRAMS (BIGUL - SRC) type ApiCalls = [SCall] type SCall = (SPermissions, (File, (Line, (Protected, Deleted)))) type File = String type Line = Int type Deleted = Bool type Name = String type SPermissions = [SPermission] type SPermission = (Name, [ApiVersion]) type Protected = String type ApiVersion = String
- 10. BIDIRECTIONAL PROGRAMS (BIGUL - SRC) type Calls = [VCall] type VCall = (File, (Line, VPermissions)) type VPermissions = [VPermission] type VPermission = Name
- 11. BIDIRECTIONAL PROGRAMS (BIGUL - UPD) t :: MonadError' e m => ApiVersion -> BiGUL m ApiCalls Calls t ver = Align ((ps, (f, (l, (ptd, del)))) -> return (not del)) ((_, (f, (l, _))) (f', (l', _)) -> return (f == f' && l == l')) (Rearr (RVar `RProd` (RVar `RProd` RVar)) (EDir (DRight (DRight DVar)) `EProd` (EDir (DLeft DVar) `EProd` (EDir (DRight (DLeft DVar)) `EProd` (EConst () `EProd` EConst ())))) (Update (UVar (Align ((_, vers) -> return (ver `elem` vers)) (_ _ -> return True) (Rearr RVar (EDir DVar `EProd` EConst ()) (Update (UVar Replace `UProd` UVar Skip))) (_ -> return ("", [ver])) (_ -> return Nothing)) `UProd` (UVar Replace `UProd` (UVar Replace `UProd` (UVar Skip `UProd` UVar Skip)))))) (_ -> return ([], ("", (0, ("", False))))) ((ps, (f, (l, (ptd, del)))) -> return (Just (ps, (f, (l, (ptd, True))))))
- 12. BP AND SELF-ADAPTATION Where it can help, and what challenges lie ahead S S’ V V’ get put
- 13. THE NORWEGIAN BLUE, INC. online pet shop.
- 14. APACHE WEB SERVER <VirtualHost *:443> SSLEngine on SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/certs/resting.norwegianblue.com.pem SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/private/resting.norwegianblue.com.key SSLProtocol TLSv1:TLSv1.1:TLSv1.2 SSLCipherSuite EECDH+ECDSA+AESGCM:EECDH+aRSA+AESGCM:EECDH+ECDSA+SHA384:EECDH +ECDSA+SHA256:EECDH+aRSA+SHA384:EECDH+aRSA+SHA256:EECDH+aRSA+RC4:EECDH:EDH +aRSA:!RC4:!aNULL:!eNULL:!LOW :3DES:!MD5:!EXP:!PSK:!SRP:!DSS:!EXPORT:!aECDH:! EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA:!EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA:!KRB5-DES-CBC3-SHA <Directory /var/www/norwegianblue> AllowOverride All </Directory> DocumentRoot /var/www/norwegianblue ServerName resting.norwegianblue.com </VirtualHost>
- 16. SELF-ADAPTATION Keeping the configuration secure M A P E Apache configuration (.conf)CVE DB service apache2 reload
- 17. NGINX SERVERserver { listen 443 ssl; server_name stunned.norwegianblue.com; ssl_certificate /etc/ssl/certs/ stunned.norwegianblue.com.pem; ssl_certificate_key /etc/ssl/private/ stunned.norwegianblue.com.key; ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2; ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; ssl_ciphers "EECDH+ECDSA+AESGCM EECDH +aRSA+AESGCM EECDH+ECDSA+SHA384 EECDH +ECDSA+SHA256 EECDH+aRSA+SHA384 EECDH +aRSA+SHA256 EECDH+aRSA+RC4 EECDH EDH +aRSA !RC4 !aNULL !eNULL !LOW !3DES ! MD5 !EXP !PSK !SRP !DSS !EXPORT ! aECDH !EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA !EDH-RSA- DES-CBC3-SHA !KRB5-DES-CBC3-SHA"; ssl_dhparam /etc/ssl/dhparams.pem; # Path to the root of your installation root /var/www/norwegianblue/; # set max upload size client_max_body_size 10G; fastcgi_buffers 64 4K; location = /robots.txt { allow all; log_not_found off; access_log off; } location ~ ^/(?:.htaccess|data|config|db_st deny all; } }
- 18. AN ABSTRACT LAYER Bidirectional programming for abstraction and migration Apache conf Nginx confCVE DB service mgr Abstract model M A P E BXBX
- 19. A SMALL MODEL IS A GOOD MODEL Bidirectional programming to the rescue, again Abstract layer M A P E Abstract SSL layer BX
- 20. THE SMALLERTHE BETTER Model size may vary at runtime Abstract layer M A P E Abstract SSL layer BX
- 21. MULTIPLE SMALL MODELS N loops Abstract layer SSL BX MAPE Python BX MAPE access BX MAPE
- 22. SYNCHRONISATION Straightforward, with bidirectional transformations Abstract layer SSL BX MAPE Python BX MAPE access BX MAPE Python’ Abstract layer’ access’
- 23. BEYOND SELF-CONFIGURATION current system vs. desired system Concrete layer System Abstract layer current state desired stateAWS APIAWS API BX
- 24. DELTA Bidirectional programs to the rescue, once more! AWS APIAWS API BX Abstract layer System Concrete layer current state current state current state desired state current state + delta current state current state
- 25. ASSIGNMENT: In small groups, find where bidirectional programs could help you develop self-adaptive systems
- 27. REFERENCES • [BiFluX]: H. Pacheco,T. Zan, and Z. Hu,“BiFluX:A Bidirectional Functional Update Language for XML,” in 6th International Symposium on Principles and Practice of Declarative Programming (PPDP 2014), 2014. • [BX]: S. Fischer, Z. Hu, and H. Pacheco,“‘Putback’ is the Essence of Bidirectional Programming,” National Institute of Informatics, GRACE-TR 2012-08, Dec. 2012. • [SACMAT]: L. Montrieux and Z. Hu,“Towards Attribute-Based Authorisation for Bidirectional Programming,” 2015, pp. 185–196.
- 28. IMAGE CREDITS • Poodle by Marcia O’Connor CC-by-nc 2.0 • Python parrot 3 byTaylorHerring CC-by-nc-nd 2.0