AC in Vehicle -Sinhala note (Sri lanka) -2
- 2. fudagr® r: jdhqiólrK 10 jk m˙Éf√oh fudagr® r: jdhqiólrK i|yd fhfok úoHq;a Wmdx. fudagr® r: jdhqiólrK moaO;sj, fhfok úoHq;a Wmdx. w;=˙ka jeä jYfhkau fhdod .kakd Wmdx. lsysmhla mssn|j fuu m˙Éf√ofhka ±kqj;a flfr®' tu oekqu b†˙fha° úia;r flfrk ixlSr®K jdhqiólrK moaO;s wOHhkh i|yd fnfyúka m%fhdackj;a jkq we;' fï hgf;a uq,skau ˙f,a tall mssn|j wjfndaOhla ,nd .ksuq' A fuys olajd we;s wdldrhg l=vd Odrdjla b.aksIka iaúph .,dhd yels b.aksIka M ia ú ph yryd th ls%hd;aul ls¯ug + iagdgr® fudagrh .shfyd;a fudfyd;lska b.aksIka iaúph WKqù iagdgr® fudagrhla by; wdldrhg hkq we;' ukao fuu ls%hdlrúh fkdyel' fudagrh úYd, Odrdjla ,nd.kakd fyhsks' thg fhdod we;s úl,am msshu my; igyfkka olajd ;sfnhs' Q A a b B B (A) uhskr® r:j, fhdod .;a iagdgr® fudagrh fuys olajd we;af;a uhskr® jeks fudagr® r: j, fhdod .;a iagdgr® fudagrhla jk w;r tka‚u lshdlrùug wjYH úYd, % n,h ,nd.ekSug yels f,i tys we;=,; *S,aâ fldhs,a iy wdfïprh ksr®udKh lr ;sfnhs' ta wkqj fuys lshdld˙;ajh i|yd % úYd, Odrdjla ,nd†h hq;= fjhs' + - (B) ˙f,a tallh + ˙f,a tall ksr®udKh kùk r:j, ú≥,s m˙m: i|yd úYd, jYfhka fhofjk ˙f,a iaúÉ j._ o ls%hd lrkafka úoHq;a pqïnl u.sks' by; (A) igyfkka idudkH ˙f,a tallhlao (B) iy (C) igyka fol u.ska tys ksr®udKh fukau ls%hdld˙;ajho olajd ;sfnhs' tys úoHq;a pqïnlh b;d l=vd Odrdjla (a,b) .kakd w;r th pqïnlkh jQ úg byska we;s lkagElaÜ ≥kq máh myg weo .kq ,nhs' túg ≥kq máhg iïnkaO lkagElaÜ iïnkaO ùfuka ta A,B yryd jeä Odrdjlska hq;a m˙m:hla ls%hd lrúh yels fjhs' fudagr® r: ú≥,s m˙m: igyklaa weiq˙kau th jgyd .ksuq' ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk M (C) - iagdgr® fudagrh ˙f,a tallhla fh¥ iagdgr® m˙m:h fuu igyfka fmr m˙m:hgu ˙f,a tallhla fhdod we;s w;r tu.ska b.aksIka iaúph wdrCId fjhs' fuys° b.aksIka iaúph yryd .,d hkafka ˙f,a oÛrhg wjYH iqΩ Odrdj muKla jk w;r tu.ska we;s flfrk pqïnl;ajh hgf;a iïnkaO jk ˙f,a lkagElaÜ yryd fudagrhg ,nd .kakd wêl Odrdj .,d hhs' fuu ˙f,a tallh tka‚u wi,skau iú ls¯fuka fudagrhg ,nd.kakd wêl Odrdj f.khk flan,a ógr® mqjrejg f.k taugo wjYH fkdùfuka m˙m: ksr®udKho myiq fjhs' ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk
- 4. fudagr® r: jdhqiólrK ■ ˙f,a jr®. 3 4 3 4 5 1 2 1 2 N.C fudagr® r: jdhqiólrK moaO;sj, fhfok ˙f,a tall lssysmhla fudagr® r: jdhqiólrK moaO;s j, fhfok úúO ˙f,a jr®. w;=˙ka lsysmhla fuu igyfka olajd we;' fuu iEu ˙f,a tallhlu we;=,; m˙m:h tys msg;ska olajd ;sfnhs' tu ixfla; weiq˙ka ˙f,a tallfha ls%hdld˙;ajh jgyd f.k wΩ;ajeähdjka ls¯u fuys° jeo.;a fjhs' tfukau jdhqiólrK moaO;s j,u flfrk hï hï kùlrKhka i|yd fhdod.ekqugo fuu ˙f,a jr®. fyd¢ka wjfndaO lr isáh hq;=fjhs' my;ska olajd we;af;a fuys° jeä jYfhkau fhdod .kakd ˙f,a jr®. lsysmhls' fuu igyfkka olajd we;s ˙f,a j._h fudagr® r: j, nyq,j Ndú;dfjk 3 4 w;r tys idudkH wjia:dfõ° lkagElaÜ úikaêj (Normaly open) we;s ksid th 1 2 NO ˙f,a f,i ye¢kafõ' fuys w.% 4 la we;s w;r ˙f,a oÛrhg Odrdj iemhQ N.O ˙af,a tallhla úg m˙m:hg fhdok w.% fofla lkagElaÜ iñnkaO ùu is≥fjhs' fuhg fmr olajk ,o iagdgr® fudagr® m˙m:fhao fhdod .kq ,enqfõ fujka ˙f,a tallhls' 4 3 1 5 2 fÉka– ´jr® rf,a tallhla fuu igyfkka ola j d we;a f ;a fÉka– ´jr® m˙m:hla i|yd fhdod .kakd ˙f,a tallhla jk w;r th fhdod.kafka tla m˙m:hl isg wfkla m˙m:hg m˙m: udre ls¯ughs' tkï fuys wxl 3 w.%h wxl 4 m˙m:hg ks;r iïnkaOj we;s w;r ˙f,a oÛrhg Odrdj iemhQ úg th wxl 4 w.%hg udrefjhs' ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk ˙af,a tallhla 5 pin ˙af,a tallhla by; jï igyfkka olajd we;s ˙f,a tall jr®.h ks;ru lkagElaÜ iïnkaOj mj;sk w;r ^3 iy 4 ˙f,a tallh ls%hd ls¯fï° m˙m:h ì£u muKla bka is≥fjhs' by; ol=Kq mi ˙f,a tallhgo w.% 5la we;s w;r tu.ska m˙m: folla ^wxl 4 iy 5 tljr ls%hdlrúh yel' oekg wms w.% 4 la iys; ˙f,a jr®. foll iy w.% 5 la iys; ˙f,a jr®. foll we;=,; ksr®udKh wjfndaO lr .;a w;r tys° wmg meye†s jqkq lreKla kï w.% .Kk iudk jQ mu◊kau tajdfha we;=,; ls%hdld˙;ajh iudk fkdjk njhs' fï ksid fuu ˙f,a tall y∫kd .ekqug iEu ˙f,a tallhlu we;=,; m˙m:h msg;ska igyka lr ;sfnhs' b†˙fha° wOHhkh flfrk jdhqiólrK m˙m:j,° fï mssn|j meye†s flfrkq we;' ■ NTC fikair kùk jdhqiólrK moaO;s j, m%Odk ;ekla .kakd fikair® jr®.h f,i WIaK;aj fikair oelaúh yelsh' NTC ls%hdld˙;ajh hgf;a ksr®udKh lr we;s fuu fika i r ms s n |jo idudkH wjfndaOhla ,nd .ksuq' f,da y hl we;s úoHq ; a NTC ikakdhl;djh th r;aùu;a iuÛ wvqù hk nj wms oksuq' tfy;a is,lka jeks wO_ ikakdhl f,dayhla s l+,kaÜ fgïmfr®pr® fikair® .;aúg tys fuu ls%hdj,sh úreoaO w;g is≥ fjhs' tkï tajd r;ajk úg ikakdhl;djh ;j ;j;a †hqKq lrhs' WIaK;ajh uksk fikair ieliSu i|yd fuu .=Kh fhdod .efkhs' (Negative Temperature Coefficient) hkqfjka ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk
- 5. NTC ➂ NTC NTC ➁ fudagr® r: jdhqiólrK iafgmr® fudagr m%Odk wdldr follg ksrudKh flfrk ® w;r fï iEu jr®.hlau md,kh jkafka bf,lafg%dksla md,k tallhlsks' ñka tla l%uhla idudkH ir, Odrd fudagrhlgu fmdfgkafIdaógrhla iúlr ksr®udKh lr ;sfnk w;r fudagrh u.ska hula p,kh ls¯fï° ta iuÛu fuu fmdfgkafIdaógrho ls%hd;aulj th p,kh jqkq m%udKh fjda,aàh;d ix«jla u.ska md,k tallhg oekqï fohs' th kshñ; m%udKhg p,kh wjika l, miq md,k tallh fudagrh kj;d ouhs' fuu iafgmr® fudagrh wOHhkhg fmr tu fmdfgkafIdaógr ls%hdld˙;ajh u.ska hul p,k msysàu fidhd .kakd whqre uq,skau wjfndaO lr .ksuq' C ① jdhqiólrK moaO;sj, fhfok WIaK;aj fikair by; igyfka olajd we;af;a jdhqiólrK moaO;s j, fhfok WIaK;aj fikair lsysmhla jk w;r NTC frisiagr fhdod tajd ksr®udKh lr ;sfnhs' fïjd fhfok moaO;s wOHhkfha° ta mssn|j jeä úia;r ,nd.; yels jkq we;' ■ iafgmr® fudagr / Stepper motor idudkHfhka ir, Odrd fyda m%;Hjr®;l Odrd fudagrhlg ú≥,s iemhqu ,nd ≥ka úg th fkdkj;ajdu ls%hd;aul fjhs' tfy;a we;eï wjia:dj, iqΩ p,khla tkï jg ld,la fyda nd.hla tfia;a ke;akï l=vd wxYl .Kklska hq;a fldaKhlska hq;=j hï p,khla we;s l hq;= kï tys° fuu fudagr fhdod .ekSu wmyiq fjhs' tjka wjia:d i|yd iafgmr® fudagr fhdod .kakd tu.ska jg ld,l nd.hl jeks iqΩ p,k mjd ,nd.; yels fjhs' bf,lafg%dksla md,k jdhqiólrK moaO;s j, jdhqiólrK *a,ema ls%hdld˙;ajh i|yd fïjd nyq,j fhdod .kakd neúka wms ta mssn|jo hï muKlg oekqj;a úh hq;= fjhs' ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk C 10V M A AC = 5V B 10V ➝ ➃ 1' bkaldr® fgïmfr®pr® fikair® 2' bjmfr®gr® fgïmfr®pr® fikair® 3' ika f,daâ fikair® 4' weïìhkaÜ fgïmfr®pr® fikair® (b) ➝ M NTC B (a) ➝ fuu .=Kh ye¢kafjhs' th flá lr NTC hkqfjka ye¢kafjk w;r fuu igyfka olajd we;af;a tu NTC fldgila fhdod ksr®udKh lrk ,o tka‚ka l+,kaÜ fikairhls' jdhqiólrK moaO;sj, fuu NTC fikair WIaK;ajh uekSu i|yd nyq,j fhdod .efkhs' bjmfr®gr WIaK;ajh uekSu r:h ;=, WIaK;ajh uksk bkaldr® fikairh r:fha msg; WIAK;ajh uksk weïìhkaÜ fgïmfr®pr® fikairh iy ysre rYañh uksk ikaf,daâ fikairh fï i|yd ksoiqkah'
- 6. ➝
- 7. fudagr® r: jdhqiólrK A AC = 2.5V fmdfgkafIdaógr ls%hdld˙;ajh fmdfgkafIdaógrhlg fyd|u W∞yrKh f,i fr®äfhda leiÜ hka;% j, we;s fjd,shqï fldkafg%da,h oelaúh yelsh' th úp,H m%;sfrdaOlhls' fuys olajd we;s igyka foflka fmdfgkafIda ógrhla tkï úp,H m%;sfrdaOlhla u.ska fudagrhl msysàu fidhd .kakd wdldrh meye†s lr ;sfnhs' fuys fudagrh lerlfjk úg fmdfgkafIdaógrho lshdlrhs' fuys° fmdfgkafIdaógr m%;frdaOlh % s fofljrg iEu úgu hï ksh; fjda,aàh;djhla fhdod ;nk w;r by; igyfka ta i|yd imhd we;af;a fjda,aÜ 10V ls' ta wkqj (a) wjia:dfõ° AC w;r fjda,aàh;djh fjda,aÜ 5V ls' thg fya;=j m%;sfrdaOlh y˙ ueo C lkagElaÜ w.%h msysgd we;s neúks' ta wkqj fudagrh lerlS we;af;a jg nd.hls' (b) igyfka th W;al%uKhj we;af;a tys ls%hdld¯ ≥frka ld,la neúka tys† AC fjda,aàh;djh fjda,aá 2.5V ls' fï wkqj wmg fmkS hk lreKla kï fuys° fudagrfha msysàu fjda,aàh;djhlska ±laúh yelsjdla fukau tu fjda,aàh;d w.h wkqj fudagrfha msysàuo mejish yels njhs' flfia kuq;a by; wdldrhg iDcqju fudagrfha p,kh ñkSu wmyiq w;r thg fya;=j fudagrh fõ.fhka lerlSuhs' fï ksid fujeks iafgmr® fudagr ksr®udKh lr we;af;a fudagrh iuÛ ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk
- 9. ˙vlaIka .shr lÜg,hla iúlr tu .shr u.ska fiñka lrljkq ,nk welai,hg fmdfgkafIdaógrh iú ls¯fuks' fuu A igyfkka olajd we;af;a jdhqiólrK *a,ema ls%hdld˙;ajh i|yd iafgmr® fudagr fhdojd we;s whqrehs' tajd fmr i|yka jQ wdldrfha fudagrhla iy m%;sfrdaOlhla iúlr ksr®udKh lrk ,o iafgmr® fudagr fõ' fï w;r th ;=, ˙vlaIka .shr frdao (A) lsysmhlao fõ' B igyfkka tys we;= , ; ks r ® u dKh m˙m:hla weiq˙ka olajd we;' tys 1 iy 2 fudagr M ➜ R w.% fol jk w;r thg (B) imhk Odrdfõ w.% udre ls¯fuka fudagrh lerflk ① ➁ ➂ ➃ ➄ †idj fjkial, yels fõ' 4 iafgmr® fudagr iy tajdfha iy 5 w.% fol m%;frdaOlhg s ksrudKh ® ksh; fjda,àh;djhla imhd a ;sîu i|yd fõ' túg wxl 3 w.%fhka fudagrfha msysàu olajk fjda,aàh;d ix«j ksl=;a fõ' by; úia;r lrk ,o iafgmr® fudagr® jr®.h fhdod .ekqfï° we;s tla jdishla kï we;eï moaO;s j, hul msysàu ) f,i ;nd .ekqug myiq ùuhs' md,k tallfha u;l (M fï ksid kùk r:j, fhfok iSÜ fuu˙ ñrr® fuu˙ jeks moaO;sj, iSreudre ls¯ï u;l.; lr .ekqug fuh nyq,j fhdod .efkhs' tjf.au tla Wmdx.hla p,kh lrk m%udKhgu ;j;a hula p,kh ls¯ugo fuh fnfyúka Wmld¯ fjhs' bf,lafg%dksla .Eia mev,a l%uh fuhg tla ksoiqkls' jdhqiólrK j,o whsä,wma ls%hdld˙;ajfha° fuu bf,lafg%dksla .Eia mev,a l%uh wjfndaO lr.; hq;= fyhska fuu fmdfgkafIdaógr ls%hdld˙;ajh;a tu fmdfgkafIdaógr ls%hdld˙;ajh fhdod .;a iafgmr® fudagr ls%hdld˙;ajh;a hk lreKq ish,a,u tljr wjfndaO lr .ekqug fuu bf,lafg%dksla .Eia mev,a moaO;shl ksr®udKh jgyd .ksuq' iafgmr® fudagr iafgmr® fudagr ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk
- 10. fudagr® r: jdhqiólrK ■ bf,lafg%dksla .Eia mev,a l%uh fmg%,a bkafclaIka fyda ldìhqfr®gr tka‚ul fõ.h md,kh lrkq ,nkafka f;%dg,a jE,ajh we¯fuka fyda jeiSfuks' fï i|yd welai,fr®gr mev,hg f;%dg,a fodr iïnkaO lrkq ,enqfõ flan,hla u.sks' ASR , ESP jeks ixlSr®K moaO;s ls%hdlrùu i|yd kùk;u fmg%,a fukau ãi,a r: j,o fuu l%uh bj;a lr ta fjkqjg bf,lafg%dksla .Eia mev,a l%uh fhdod ;sfnhs' + mev,a fmdfgkafId ógrh 1 2 welai,fr®gr mev,h 3 bf,lafg%dksla md,lh 4 f;%dg,a fmdfgkafIda ógrh 6 5 + - 7 8 f;%dg,a jE,aõ M bf,lafg%dksla .Eia mev,hl ls%hdld˙;ajh bf,lafg%dksla .Eia mev,a l%ufha° welai,fr®gr mev,hg iújkafka fmdfgkafIdaógrhls' fuu igyfka olajd we;s wdldrhg .Eia mev,h md.k úg thg iïnkaO mev,a fikairh tkï fmdfgkafIdaógrho ls%hdlr mev,h md.d we;s m%udKh fjda,aàh;d w.hlska bf,lafg%dksla md,k tallhg ,ndfohs' f;%dg,a jE,ajfha tla mfilska th lerlùug fudagrhlaa we;s w;r wfkla miska th lerflk m%udKh fldïmshqgrhg ±kqï °ug fmdfgkafIdaógrhla fjhs' md,k tallfha ls%hdld˙;ajh jkqfha mev,a fikairh u.ska ,ndfok fjda,aàh;d w.h f;%dg,a fmdfgkafIdaógr fjda,aàh;djhg iu jkf;la f;%dg,a jE,ajh iïnkaO fudagrh lerlùuhs' tkï tys m%;sM,h jkafka .Eia mev,h md.d we;s m%udKhg f;%dg,a jE,ajh;a újD; ùuhs' by; igyk ;=,skau fuu ls%hdld˙;ajh jgyd .ksuq' ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk
- 12. fuys md,k tallh u.ska fmdfgkafIdaógr foflau fofljrg fjda,aÜ 12 la imhd we;ehs is;uq' ta wkqj mev,a fikairfha uOH w.%hg fjda,aÜ 6 la ,eî ;sfnhs' ukao th y˙ wvla .uka lr we;s fyhsks' md,k tallfha ls%hdld˙;ajh jkafka tys wxl 3 w.%hg ,efnk fjda,aàh;djh wxl 6 w.%fha fjda,aàh;djhg iu jkf;la fudagrh ls%hd lrùuhs' tkï f;%dg,a fodr újD; ls¯uhs' fï wkqj .Eia mev,h wvla md.d we;s ksid f;%dg,a jE,ajho wvla we¯ we;' ■ ä‚g,a iafgmr® fudagr iafgmr® fudagr jr®. folla Ndú;d jk w;r thska fmdfgkafIdaógr iys; jr®.h by;ska úia;r jqks' fuys fojk jr®.h i|yd fmdfgkafIdaógr fukau ˙vlaIka .shrhlao wjYH fkdfjhs' ;jo fuu fmdfgkafIdaógr iys; iafgmr® fudagrhla ls%hdlrúh yelafla hï fldaKhla fyda iSudiys; p,k iSudjla i|yd muKla jqj;a fuu fojk jr®.fha iafgmr® fudagr wjYH ksh; fõ.hlska tl†.gu ls%hdlrúh yelsh' tjf.au fmdfgkafIdaógr fyda ˙vlaIka .shr lsisjla fkdue;sj wxYlhlg jvd wvq l=vd fldaKhlg jqjo fuh lerlùu l yelsh' fuys olajd we;af;a ä‚g,a iafgmr® fudagrhl ksr®udKhls' ´,agfkagrhl fuka fuys we;af;a iafÜgrhla C iy frdagrhla mu◊' tfy;a N S D fuu frdagrh úoHq;a pq ï nlhla fkdj ia : S r pqïnlhls' fuh lshd lrkafka % mshjfrka mshjrh' fuys olajd we;s ia f gmr® fuda g rfha B frdagrh iy iafÜgrh fldgia y;rlg fnod we;s neúka ä‚g,a iafgmr® fudagr ksrudKh ® frdagrh tl mshjrla ;=,° 900 la tkï jg ld,la .uka .kshs' ta i|yd l, hq;af;a fuys we;s oÛr folg fjk fjku läka lv Odrdj iemhSu mu◊' tu Odrdj iemhSu lrkq ,nkafka bf,lafg%dksla md,lhla u.sks' tu md,lh u.ska imhk Odrdj fjkia ls¯fï iS%;djh u; fudagrfha fõ.h;a le/flk m%udKh;a ;SrKh fõ' my; ±lafjkafka fuh wxYl 900 ka 900 g lerflk wdldrhhs'
- 13. fudagr® r: jdhqiólrK N N (A) S S N S N (B) S A ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk S S N N (C) N N S S (D) fmr igyfkka olajk ,o iafgmr® fudagrh wxYl 900 ka 900 g lerlfjk wdldrh fuu igyka fmfaa wjia:d 4 lska olajd ;sfnhs' jgyd .ekSfï myiqj ;ld fuys iafÜgr oÛrh olajd fkdue;s w;r thg imhk Odrdj wkqj O%ej msysgk wdldrh muKla olajd ;sfnhs' ta wkqj A igyfka isriaj msysá O%ej fol i|yd muKla Odrdj imhd we;s w;r tu Odrdfõ †idj wkqj byska we;s O%ejh W;=re O%ejhla f,igo (N) myska we;s O%ejh ol=Kq O%ejhla f,igo(S) msysghs' fï wkqj A igyfka olajd we;s whqre frdagrfha W;=re O%ejh(N) weoS hkafka my;ska we;s pqïnl ol=Kq O%ejh(S) fj;h' tfiau frdagr pqïnlfha ol=Kq O%ejh (S) by;ska we;s W;=re O%ejhg(N) we° hhs' fï wkqj frdagrh wxYl wkQjlska N%uKh ù B igyk whqre frdagrh msysghs' óÛg B igyk m˙† ;ssria oÛrhg Odrdj iemfhk w;r tys° tys°o øej msysgk wdldrh wkqj ;j ≥rg;a ta w;gu wxYl 900 la frdagrh lerlfjhs' fï wdldrhgu isria O%ej i|ydo ;j;a jrla w.% udre lr Odrdj iemhSfuka ;j;a wxYl 900 la frdagrh lerlù hhs' fï wkqj jg ldf,ka ld,g mshjfrka mshjr ´kEu fõ.hlska tl†.gu fyda fuu fudagrh md,k tallhla u.ska ls%hdlrúh yelsfjhs' ä‚g,a iafgmr fudagr ls%hdld˙;ajh ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk
- 15. by; wdldrhg fuu fudagrh wmg wjYH jg fyda wxYl .Kkla lerlùu oÛr folg imhk Odrdj fjkia ls¯fuka l yels fjhs' wjYH;djh wkqj tf,i Odrdj iemhSu bf,lafg%dksla md,lhla u.ska m,aia wdldrhg is≥úh hq;= nj fmr i|yka úh' fuys° wm ksoiqkg .;a iafgmr® fudagrhg we;af;a O%ej 4la ksid th N%uKh jkafka jg ldf,ka ld,gh' fuh Bg jvd wvq wxYl .Kklska hq;=j is≥úh hq;= kï fuu O%ej .Kk jeäl hq;=h' my; ±lafjkafka tjka ksr®udKhls'
- 16. fudagr® r: jdhqiólrK th bgqlr.; yelsfõ' my;ska olajd we;s igyfkka fuf,i ud, follska hq;a iafgmr® fudagrhl ksr®udKhla olajd we;' (A) frdagrh 1' frdagrh 3' iafÜgr®-2 2' iafÜgr®-1 4 'iafÜgr® jhskaäu-1 5' iafÜgr® jhskaäu-2 iafÜgrh (B) iafgmr® fudagrhl øej .Kk jeälr lerflk fldaKh wvq lr .ekqu fuu iafgmr® fudagr frdagrh iy iafÜgrh O%ej 12 ne.ska isák f,i ksr®udKh l tlls' B igyk whqre th jhskaäka 3 la iys;j ksr®udKh lr we;s fyhska tla jhskaäulg O%ej 4 la we;=,;a fjhs' fuf,i jhskaäka .Kk jeäùu;a iu. tys W;al%uKh jk fldaKfha w.h wvqfjhs' túg fuh fhdod .kakd hka;%fha b;d iqΩ p,khka mjd ,nd.; yelsfjhs' frdagrfha ) jeäfjhs' W;al%uK ≥r wvq kï tys jHdr®:ho (T iEu ä‚g,a iafgmr® fudagrhlau iDcqju ú≥,s Odrdjlska ls%hdlrùu l, fkdyels w;r ta i|yd bf,lafg%dksla md,k tallhla yryd mssfj,ska oÛrj,g Odrdj iemhSu l, hq;=fõ' Odrdj imhk ixLHd;h wkqj fudagr fõ.h md,kh fõ' tfukau th mshjfrka mshjro ls%hdlrúh yelsfõ' jeä jHdr®:hla iy wvq fldaKj,ska hq;a p,khka i|yd iafgmr® fudagrhla ksmoùfï° jeä O%ej .Kkla fh°ug is≥jk w;r tys° fudagrfha m%udKh úYd, fjhs' túg th l=vdjg;a jeä O%ej .Kkla hq;=j;a ksmojd .ekSu wmyiq fjhs' tjka wjia:dj, frdagrh iy iafÜgrh fmas folla f,i ksr®udKh lr .ekqfuka ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk ud, folla fh¥ iafgmr® fudagrhlska l=vd fldaK iys; p,k ,nd.; yels jk whqre by; A igyfka olajd we;af;a b;d l=vd fldaK j,ska fukau jeä jHdr®:hlska hq;=j ls%hdlrúh yels ud, follska hq;a iafgmr® fudagrhls' by; B igyfkka fuu fudagrh b;d l=vd w.hkaf.ka hq;=j N%uKh ls¯ug we;s yelshdj olajd ;sfnhs' tys° iafÜgrfha O%ej msysgd we;af;a tl t,af,a fkdjk nj fmkS hkq we;' fï ksid fuu iafÜgr folg udrefjka udrejg Odrdj iemhSfuka b;d iqΩ p,khka ,nd.; yelsfjhs' ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk
- 18. kùk r:j, tka‚ka whsâ, fõ. md,kh i|ydo fmr fhdod .;a whsâ,ska iageì,hsiska jE,aõ fjkqjg iafgmr® fudagr fhdod .ekqu is≥fjhs' fuu moaO;sh r:fha jdhqiólrK moaO;sh yd iïnkaO lr ;sfnhs' ta jdhqiólrKh iuÛ whsâ, fõ.h jeä w.hlska fukau iageì,hsia lr ;nd .ekqugh' fï i|yd fuu iafgmr® fudagrh ksr®udKh lr we;s wdldrho fuys° jgyd .ksuq' fudagr® r: jdhqiólrK is≥r l=vd ls¯u is≥r úYd, ls¯u frdagrh fÜmr® jE,aõ mqIa frdâ (A) (B) whsâ,ska iageì,hsir® jE,aõ i|yd iafgmr® fudagr fhdod .ekqu fuys A igyfkka olajd we;af;a whsâ, fõ.h ksh;j ;nd .ekSug tkï whsâ, fõ.h iageì,hsia ls¯ug fhdod .kakd iafgmr® fudagrhla iys; jE,ajhls' idudkHfhka fuu ldhH_h i|yd fhdod .kq ,nkafka fuys ol=Kq miska olajd we;s wdldrfha iageì,hsir® jE,ajhls' tka‚fï f;%dg,a jE,ajhg iudka;rj msysá k, udr®.hla fuu B igykg my;ska olajd we;s whqre whsâ, fõ.h md,kh lrhs' fuu jE,ajh u.ska md,kh jk l=vd fodrgqj whsâ,ska fõ.h wvqjk úg úYd, ls¯fukao fõ.h jeäjk úg l=vd ls¯fukao whsâ, fõ.h ksh;j ;nd .ekSu is≥fõ' tfy;a kùk;u r:j, fï i|yd by; A igyfka ±lafjk wdldrfha iafgmr® fudagrh iys; jE,ajhla fhdod .efkhs' fuys b†˙hg fkrd we;s ;=v u.ska f;%dg,a jE,ajhg iudka;rj jQ jd; udr®.hla md,kh ls¯fuka fuu fõ. iageì,hsia ùu is≥fjhs' ta i|yd fuu ;=v b†˙hg;a miqmig;a .uka l, hq;= w;r th md,kh jkafka iafgmr® fudagrfhks' iafgmr® fudagrh tka‚ka md,k tallfhka md,kh flfr®' iafgmr® fudagrh u.ska fuh is≥jk whqre óÛg wjfndaO lr .ksuq' ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk (A) (B) mqIa frdâ whsâ,ska iageì,hsir i|yd fhdod.;a iafgmr® fudagrhla u.ska jd;h md,kh lrk whqre fuys olajd we;af;a iafgmr® fudagr iys; iageì,hsir® jE,ajhl ls%hdld˙;ajhhs' fuys° fÜmr® jE,ajh b†˙hg iy miqmig f.khk mqIa frdâ tl úo tys fmdg lmd th ;=,g frdagrfha fmdg iys; welai,h .s,ajd ;sfí' fï wkqj whsâ, fõ.h by kekaùug by; A igyk whqre frdagrh jdudjD;j lerlS mqIa frdâ tl miqmig weo .kS' túg jd; is≥r úYd, ù tka‚ka fõ.h jeäfjhs' fõ.h wvq ls¯ug frdagrh oCIsKdjD;j lerlS fÜmr® jE,ajh b†˙hg f.k is≥r l=vd lrhs' B igyfkka th olajd ;sfnhs' tka‚ka md,k tallh u.ska whsâ, wjia:dfõ° fõ.h uek th ksh;j isák f,i fuu fudagrh b†˙hg fyda miqmig ls%hdlrùfuka fuu md,kh is≥fjhs' by; wdldrhg whsâ, fõ.h iageì,hsia lr ksh;j ;nd .ekSu hgf;a jdhqiólrKh ls%hdlrùu ;=,ska tka‚ka fõ.h fjkiaùula is≥ fkdfjhs' ta wkqj jdhqiólrKh iuÛo tka‚ka fõ.h fjkia fkdfõ' tfy;a jdhqiólrKh iuÛ fuu whsâ, fõ. w.h 50 lska muK jeä lr bkamiq th ksh;j ;nd .ekqu idudkHfhka iEu r:hlu is≥fjhs' thg m%Odk lreKq 3 la muK fya;= ù we;' whsâ, fõ.fha° jdhqiólrK isis,i wvqùu jeelaùu i|yd fldïm%irh ls%hdlrk fõ.h jeä ls¯u neg˙h neihdu jeelaùug ´,agfkagr fõ.h jeä ls¯u iy tka‚ka whsâ, fõ.h rΩùu jeelaùug fõ.h uola jeä ls¯u tu lreKq ;=k f,i ±laúh yelsh' fuu m˙Éf√oh ;=,ska úia;r lrk ,o ú≥,s Wmdx. ls%hdld˙;ajh weiq˙ka jdhqiólrK ú≥,s m˙m: ie,iqï lrk wdldrh b†˙ m˙Éf√oh ;=,ska úia;r flfrkq we;' ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk