2. 1. Glass pipette
• to transport a measured volume
of liquid
• 2ml, 5ml, 10ml
• presume tip as 1ml
3. 2. Funnel
• plastic
• used to transfer liquids into
containers that have narrow
mouth
• can also be used a filter, when
filter paper is used with it
9. 8. Glass measuring cylinder
• 25ml,50ml, 100ml, 1000ml
• A graduated cylinder / cylinder
measuring / mixing cylinder is
used to measure the volume of a
liquids, chemicals or solutions
10. 9. Paper chromatography
• substances are distributed
between a stationary phase and
a mobile phase.When a coloured
sample is placed on a filter
paper, the colours separate from
the sample by placing one end of
the paper in a solvent
11. 10. Litmus paper
• test both for neutral
• red to blue (basic)
• blue to red (acidic)
13. 12. Urinometer
• works on principle of
buoyancy/ upward thrust
• used to measure specific
gravity of urine
• add 0.001 to 16° (move every
3°)
• if temp. < (every 3°) = -0.001
• if temp. > (every 3°) = +0.001
14. 13. Glass cuvette
• take the absorbance/ optical
density (OD) in colorimeter
• fix it on the mark
15. 14. Plastic dropper
• to measure and transport small
amount of reagent or sample
• eg- benedict's test
17. 16. Albuminometer
• use overnight and see
sedimentation in morning
• borosilicated
• test tube with cork (red)
18. 17. pH meter
• principle - measures pH onthe
basis of concentration of H+ ions
• measure pH of fluids
• make solution of particular pH
• has AgCl in
electrode
19. 18. Colorimeter
• principle- based on Beer-
Lambert's Law ; when a
monochromatic light passes
through an absorbing medium
the absorbance is directly
proportional to the
concentration of the medium
and the path length
20. 19. Vortex shaker
• to mix small amount of liquids
quickly in circular motion
21. 20. Semi auto analyser
• samples and reagents are mixed
and read manually
• based on colorimetry principle
22. 21. Water bath
• the temp. of water is maintained
at a constant level.
• boiling point of water - 100°C
• it is used to incubate samples
over a period of time at a
constant temp.
