BIOETHICS IN RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY.
- 1. Submitted to: Ms.P.Mala Assistant Professor Department of Biotechnology Periyar Maniammai University of Science & Technology Recombinant DNA Technology Topic: Bioethics in rDNA technology Present by: K.Praveena 123011356016 Ms.c.Biotechnology I-Year YBT-201
- 2. INTRODUCTION • Bioethics is the study of ethical issues arising from advances in biology and medicine. • It involves analyzing the moral implications of topics like genetic engineering , euthanasia , organ donation, and reproductive technologies. • Bioethicists seek to balance scientific progress with ethical principles, considering factors like autonomy, beneficence, justice, and non- maleficence. It's a field that intersects with philosophy, medicine, law, and other disciplines to guide ethical decision-making in healthcare and research.
- 3. PRINCIPLE OF BIOETHICS • The four main principles of bioethics are: • Autonomy: Respecting the decision-making capacity of individuals and allowing them to make choices about their own healthcare and lives. • Beneficence: Acting in ways that benefit others and promote their well-being. • Nonmaleficence: Avoiding harm to others and minimizing risks of harm. • Justice: Ensuring fairness and equality in the distribution of resources and access to healthcare services.
- 4. BIOETHICS IN RDNA TECHNOLOGY The gene of interest is cut from the genome using restriction enzymes. It is then joined with a similarly cut DNA molecule,a plasmid . The plasmid is known as the cloning vectors . Plasmids are circular molecules found in bacteria that are separate from the bacterium normal genome . Plasmids are self-replicating,allowing the new recombinant DNA molecule to produce its gene product in its news environment.
- 5. Plasmids are not only cloning vectors that can be used ,but they are very common. Each vector has limitation to the size (in base pairs) of the DNA fragment that can be cloned . This technology has been used since the 1970s;it is fairly common practice in molecular biology labs today.
- 6. BIOETHICS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY • Bioethics in biotechnology involves addressing ethical considerations and dilemmas arising from advancements in biotechnological research and applications. Some key areas of focus within bioethics in biotechnology include: • Genetic Engineering: Ethical concerns surround genetic manipulation techniques like CRISPR-Cas9, gene editing, and genetic modification of organisms. • Biobanks and Big Data: The collection, storage, and use of biological samples and health data in biobanks raise ethical concerns related to privacy, consent, data ownership, and the potential for discrimination or exploitation.
- 7. • Cloning: The cloning of animals and the potential for human cloning raise ethical questions related to individual identity, human dignity, and the instrumentalization of life. Issues of consent, autonomy, and the welfare of cloned individuals are also central to ethical discussions in this area. • Stem Cell Research: Ethical debates in stem cell research involve the use of embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). • Synthetic Biology: The engineering of biological systems at the molecular level raises ethical questions about the creation of synthetic organisms, biosecurity risks, environmental impact, and the implications for biodiversity and ecosystems.
- 8. APPLICATIONS • Clinical Decision Making • Research Ethics • Reproductive Rights • Genetic Testing and Counseling • End-of-Life Care • Public Health • Environmental Ethics • Biomedical Research and Innovation
- 9. ADVANTAGES OF BIOETHICS • Guidance in Decision Making • Protection of Rights and Dignity • Promotion of Beneficence and Nonmaleficence • Ethical Research Practices • Addressing Emerging Ethical Challenge • Ethical Innovation and Progress • Interdisciplinary Collaboration • Promotion of Public Discourse and Education • Promotion of Justice and Equity
- 10. DISADVANTAGE OF BIOETHICS • Subjectivity and Interpretation • Cultural and Moral Diversity • Complexity and Uncertainty • Potential for Stifling Innovation • Conflict with Religious Beliefs • Resource Allocation Challenges • Inconsistencies in Application • Regulatory Challenges
- 11. CONCLUSION • In conclusion, while bioethics plays a crucial role in guiding ethical decision-making in healthcare and biotechnology, it is not without its challenges and limitations. • Despite efforts to establish universal ethical standards, cultural biases, complex debates, conflicts with practical considerations, moral distress, regulatory challenges, and limited accessibility remain significant disadvantages of bioethics. • Nevertheless, recognizing these limitations allows for ongoing dialogue and refinement of ethical frameworks to address emerging ethical dilemmas in an ever-evolving technological and societal landscape.
- 12. MCQ 1.What is bioethics? A) Study of biology B) Study of ethical issues in medicine and biology C) Study of environmental conservation D) Study of genetics 2.What can be a potential disadvantage of bioethics in multicultural societies? A) Universal acceptance of ethical principles B) Conflicts between ethical principles and cultural norms C) Limited accessibility of ethical guidelines D) Lack of relevance in diverse cultures
- 13. 3.What term describes the distress experienced by healthcare professionals when ethical principles clash with real-world constraints? A) Ethical conflict B) Cultural bias C) Moral distress D) Professional dilemma 4.Which practical consideration may sometimes conflict with ethical ideals in healthcare decision-making? A) Resource allocation B) Universality of ethical principles C) Moral absolutism D) Ethical relativism
- 14. 5.What is the role of bioethics in healthcare and biotechnology? A) Setting rigid ethical rules B) Providing a framework for analyzing ethical dilemmas C) Ignoring cultural differences D) Dictating medical practices ANSWER: 1.B 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.B
- 15. REFRENCE • Definition of ETHOS”. Merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 25 December 2022. • Bracanovic, T (June 2012). “From integrative bioethics to pseudoscience”. Developing World Bioethics. 12 (3): 148–156. doi:10.1111/j.1471-8847.2012.00330.x. PMID 22708689. • Kaçar B (20 November 2020). “If we’re alone in the Universe, should we do anything about it?”. Aeon. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
- 16. THANK YOU