Biological classification of organisms by Ratnodip Saha
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The document provides an overview of biological classification, detailing its purpose as a method for categorizing organisms based on shared characteristics. It outlines the evolution of classification systems starting from Aristotle's initial classifications to Linnaeus's binomial system, culminating in Whittaker's five kingdom model: Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. Each kingdom is briefly described by its cell structure, organization, and nutritional modes.
Biological classification of organisms by Ratnodip Saha
- 1. BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION (an overview) by Ratnodip Saha Contact: ratnodeep2016@gmail.com
- 2. Topics: What is biological classification Evolution of biological classification Five kingdom classification Monera Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia
- 3. What is Biological classification? It is a scientific procedure, by which we classify organisms to different groups on the basis of similarities of various characters among them.
- 4. Organisms plants herbs Shrubs trees animals Anaima (RBC absent) Enaima (RBC present) Aristotle Using simple morphological characters, Aristotle classified organisms among animals & plants. Plants were classified into herbs, shrubs & trees. Animals were classified into anaima & eneima, on the basis of absence & presence of RBC.
- 5. Organisms Animalia Plantae Linnaeus Linnaeus classified organisms into animalia & plantae. Classification criteria- cell wall locomotion mode of nutrition response to external stimuli contractile system
- 6. Organisms Monera Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia R. H. Whittaker At 1996, R. H. Whittaker proposed the five kingdom classification of organisms- monera, Protista, fungi, plantae & animalia. Classification criteria- cell structure thallus organization mode of nutrition reproduction phylogenetic relation
- 7. Monera: a) Unicellular organisms with a prokaryotic cell organization. b) Nuclear membrane absent. c) Autotrophic or heterotrophic. bacteria
- 8. Protista: a) Unicellular organisms with a eukaryotic cell organization. b) Nucleus & other membrane bound organelles present. c) Autotrophic or heterotrophic amoeba
- 9. Fungi: a) Multicellular organisms with eukaryotic cell organisations. b) Mainly heterotrophic. fungi
- 10. Plantae: a) Multicellular organism with eukaryotic cell organization. b) Chlorophyll containing. c) Mainly autotrophic. d) Few members of plantae are partially insectivorous & parasite.
- 11. Animalia: a) Multicellular organisms with eukaryotic cell organization. b) Lack cell wall. c) Directly or indirectly dependent on plants for food. That’s why heterotrophic. d) Digest their food, the mode of nutrition is holozoic.