Biology Unit 1 Exam Review Flashcards
- 1. Biology --Unit 1-- Review Flashcards
- 2. •Store energy by adding a phosphate to ADP (forming ATP). What can ATP be used •Release for energy in cells? by removing a phosphate from ATP.
- 3. •CHONPS List out all of the biological elements: •Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sulfur
- 4. •Able to maintain homeostasis. •Able to grow/develop. •Able to respond/adapt/evolve. •Able to reproduce. •Able to metabolize and excrete. What characteristics are required to be living?
- 5. •Basic Units of Matter = Atoms •WBashica Ut naitrse o ft Lhifee =b Caesllisc units of matter? Of life?
- 6. •Chemical Potential Energy: Energy stored in the bonds of molecules. What is the difference between chemical potential and kinetic •Kinetic Energy: Energy being energy? used right now in a chemical reaction.
- 7. •They cannot do any of the following on their own (or without a host cell): •Maintain homeostasis •Grow / Develop •Metabolize / Excrete •Reproduce Why are viruses NOT considered to be living?
- 8. •Carbohydrate Monomers = Monosaccharides •Lipid Monomers = Fatty Acids + Glycerol •Protein Monomers = Amino Acids •Nucleic Acid Monomers = Nucleotides List out the Monomers for: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins and Nucleic Acids
- 9. •Carbohydrate Polymers = Polysaccharides •Lipid Polymers = Phospholipids, Fats, Oils •Protein Polymers = Polypeptides, Enzymes •Nucleic Acid Polymers = DNA & RNA List out the Polymers for: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids
- 10. •Provide cells with: Immediate energy …and… Intermediate energy What are the functions of carbohydrates?
- 11. •Provide cells with long term energy storage. •Form cell membranes. What are the functions of lipids?
- 12. •Catalyze chemical reactions. •EWxphreasst inasrteru ctthioen sf iunn DcNtAio. ns of proteins?
- 13. •Provide cells with genetic instructions to make protein. What are the functions of nucleic acids?
- 14. •There is an uneven distribution of charge across the surface of a molecule. (What One end does of the polar molecule mean? is more positively charged, and the other end is more negatively charged.)
- 15. •The structure of the active site on the ENZYME changes. •The What enzyme happens can no longer when an function in the reaction. •The enzyme enzyme can is denatured? no longer INCREASE the speed of the reaction.
- 16. 1) Dehydration Synthesis 2) Water is being removed. 3) The monomers are being bonded For this diagram: together to form a polymer. 1) What is the name of the process? 2)What is happening with water? 4) Cells use this to store energy in newly formed bonds. 3) What is happening with the molecules? 4) What is this process used for?
- 17. 1) Hydrolysis 2) Water is being added. 3) The polymer is being broken apart into individual monomers. 4) Cells use this For this to diagram: release energy 1) What is the name of the process? 2)What is happening with water? from the broken bonds. 3) What is happening with the molecules? 4) What is this process used for?
- 18. •Speed up the rate (make it go faster). What do enzymes do to chemical reactions?
- 19. •Carbohydrates What type of biomolecule are starches and sugars?
- 20. •Carbon What is the most common and important biological element?
- 21. •To make/build cell membranes. What is the function of phospholipids?
- 22. •Dehydration Synthesis What reaction bonds together monomers to form larger polymers?
- 23. •Hydrolysis Which reaction breaks apart polymers to form smaller monomers?
- 24. •Hydrolysis Which reaction is used to release energy?
- 25. •Dehydration Synthesis Which reaction is used to store energy?
- 26. •A protein in our blood that allows oxygen to bind to our red blood cells. What is hemoglobin?
- 27. •By removing a phosphate. How is energy released from ATP?
- 28. •A phosphate is added. How is energy stored in ADP?
- 29. •Since Benedict tests for Monosaccharides: •The solution contains monosaccharides. •The solution provides short term energy. A solution reacts with Benedict and Iodine (which test for monosaccharides and •Since Iodine tests for Polysaccharides: •The solution polysaccharides). contains polysaccharides. •The solution provides intermediate energy. List out everything you know about this solution:
- 30. •Since Sudan tests for Lipids: • It contains lipids. • It A is made solution of fatty acids reacts and glycerol. with Sudan • It could form cell membranes or provide long term (which test for lipids). energy storage. List out everything you know about this solution:
- 31. •Since Biuret tests for Proteins: • It contains proteins. •It is made of amino acids. • It could catalyze chemical reactions. A solution reacts with Biuret (which test for proteins). List out everything you know about this solution:
- 32. Draw 2 graphs to compare Monosaccharide monosaccharides and Energy Energy Polysaccharide polysaccharides. Time Time •The monosaccharide line shows a quick spike and drop in energy, because monosaccharides provide a Explain short burst why of energy. you drew them like •The polysaccharide line shows longer lasting energy, because polysaccharides this… provide intermediate energy.
- 33. Draw 2 graphs to compare a reaction “WITH” happening WITH an enzyme, and one WITHOUT an Activ. Activ. “WITHOUT” Energy Energy Time Time enzyme. •The “with” line is shorter, because enzymes allow reactions to happen with less (or decreased) activation energy required. •The Explain “without” why line is you taller, drew because them without like an enzyme, more activation energy is required to get the reaction going. this…
- 34. •Enzymes denature at high temperatures (like what you have when you have a fever). •When an enzyme denatures, the structure of its active site changes… • This prevents the substrate from binding to it… • Which means the enzyme can’t function in that reaction anymore. • Living things rely on chemical reactions and enzymes to stay alive, so without enzymes, the living thing can die. Explain why fevers are dangerous to enzymes and living organisms:
- 35. • A living thing should: • Be made of cells. • Be made of water. • Be made of 6 biological elements (CHONPS). • Be made of 4 biomolecules (Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic Acids). • Be able to do the following on its own: Explain what scientists can use to identify if something is living: • Grow • Reproduce • Adapt/Evolve • Metabolize / Excrete • Maintain Homeostasis