Biology revision session core
- 2. Overview of the syllabus B1.1 Keeping healthy B1.2 Nerves and hormones B1.3 The use and abuse of drugs B1.4 Interdependence and adaptation B1.5 Energy and biomass in food chains B1.6 Waste materials from plants and animals B1.7 Genetic variation and its control B1.8 Evolution
- 3. Keeping healthy – diet and exercise balanced diet metabolic rate cholesterol obesity exercise evaluate effect of lifestyle/food on health slimming programmes
- 4. Keeping healthy – infectious disease bacteria/fungi/virus virus infects inside cells antigen/antibody bacteria don’t change antibiotics deliberately to become resistant: mutation and antibiotic resistance natural selection immunisation immunisation – we don’t studying microorganisms – “remember how to fight the aseptic techniques/petri dishes disease in the future” ; we evaluate do “make antibodies Semmelweiss quicker” mutations and read up on epidemics/pandemics mmr/semmelweiss vaccination (pro/con)
- 5. Nerves and hormones receptor sensory n relay nervous system motor n effector reflexes synapse (how do drugs affect these?) hormones homeostasis: controlling internal water/ions/temp/blood environment – water/temp/blood sugar/ ions FSH Oes LH Prog menstrual cycle O/P=contra; FSH = fertility controlling fertility know how IVF works and remember the pill needs to be tropisms taken every day to be effective auxin evaluate hormones to control fertility plant hormones in horticulture
- 6. Google images: Menstrual cycle Be able to interpret these kind of diagrams
- 7. The use and abuse of drugs development of medicines dependency/ (clinical trials) addiction/withdrawal legal/illegal drugs symptoms cannabis thalidomide Evaluate why use illegal drugs progression from recreational drugs to hard drugs effect of drugs on health performance enhancing drugs in sport
- 8. Interdependance and adaptation competition plants – adaptation water/minerals/light/sp extremophiles ace lichens/invertebrate animals – food/mates/territory evaluate desert/arctic data on how environmental changes detering predators affects distribution/ behaviour of organisms.
- 9. Energy and biomass in food chains Everything starts with the sun. Use information in the tables to help you work out the order. Remember: Plant Plant eating animal animal eating animal The arrows represent energy flow. Pyramids: Biomass = pyramid; Number = odd You must draw pyramid of biomass in proportion Don’t forget to label Energy losses – reason why biomass less
- 10. Waste materials from plants and animals Carbon cycle Photosynthesis/ Respiration Feeding Decay Decomposers – bacteria and fungi What are the best conditions for making compost? Evaluate – necessity/effectiveness of recycling organic kitchen or garden waste
- 11. Genetic variation and its control plant cloning: cuttings/tissue culture animal cloning: embryo cell nucleus DNA splitting/ nuclear transfer asexual/sexual reproduction genetic engineering cloning make informed judgements about the economic, social and ethical issues concerning cloning and genetic engineering, including genetically modified (GM) crops
- 12. restriction enzymes – cut DNA
- 13. Evolution evolution natural selection extinction evolution – simplecomplex over millions of years HSW interpret evidence relating to natural selection: evolutionary theory organisms best suited differences in Darwin’s theory survive to reproduce and other theories and reasons pass on genes for for these survival to offspring why it took a long time to accept Darwin’s theory similarities/differences in organisms show ecological/evolutionary relationships
- 14. Common ancestors and family trees can be used to find the most recent common ancestor of two species – the more recent the ancestor the more closely related those species are.