Biology unit 2 cells types of cells notes
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This document discusses different types of cells and organisms. It covers prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, unicellular and multicellular organisms, and the organization of cells into tissues, organs, organ systems and organisms. Specific unicellular eukaryotes are also described, including amoebas, paramecium and euglena. Amoebas move using pseudopods and regulate water levels using a contractile vacuole. Paramecium uses cilia to move and has a mouth and anal pore. Euglena uses a flagellum to move and contains chloroplasts to photosynthesize.
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Biology unit 2 cells types of cells notes
- 1. BIOLOGY Unit 2 Notes: Types of Cells
- 2. (1) Types of Cells • Prokaryotic Cells: Cells without a nucleus. –Pro = before ; -Karyo = nucleus –Cells that evolved before a nucleus • Eukaryotic Cells: Cells with a nucleus and multiple organelles. –Eu = true ; -Karyo = nucleus –Cells with a true nucleus –*Humans are made with eukaryotic cells.
- 3. (2) Uni versus Multi • Unicellular Organisms: Organisms made of only a single cell. *Many of the pond water organisms. • Multicellular Organisms: Organisms made of trillions of specialized cells. *Humans .
- 4. (3) Organization in Multicellular Organisms • Most Basic Level = Atoms & Molecules –Cells –Tissues (made of cells) –Organs (made of tissues) –Organ Systems (made of organs) –Organism (made of organ systems)
- 6. (5) Amoeba • Eukaryotic, Unicellular Organism. • Their Unique Structures: – Pseudopods Cytoplasm “feet” that allow it to move around. – Contractile Vacuole Regulates water levels. (4) Amoeba
- 7. • How Do Amoeba Eat? – Phagocytosis: Amoeba hunt for prey (other cells) by surrounding them and engulfing them. – Endocytosis: A process where cells fuse other cells/vacuoles with their membrane, in order to bring nutrients inside. – Exocytosis: A process where cells wrap waste/nutrients in vacuoles and push them out of their outer-membranes
- 10. (5) Paramecium • Eukaryotic, Unicellular Organism • Unique Structures: – Cilia Tiny hair-like structures that beat to move organism around. – Mouth Pore Used to bring food into cell. – Anal Pore Used to release waste. – Contractile Vacuole
- 13. (6) Euglena • Eukaryotic, Unicellular Organism. • Unique Structures: – Flagellum Whip-like structure that propels organism around. – Chloroplast Organelle that uses sunlight to produce sugars and oxygen. – Stigma Light detecting structure. – Contractile Vacuole