Common types of cells
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This document describes different types of cells found in the human body. It discusses epithelial tissue, which covers surfaces and lines body cavities. The main types of epithelial tissue are squamous, columnar, cuboidal, pseudostratified columnar, and transitional epithelium. It also describes connective tissue such as fibroblasts, adipose tissue, and muscle fibers. Finally, it lists different immune/inflammatory cells like polymorphonuclear cells, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and macrophages.
Common types of cells
- 2. Students should be able to describe microscopic features & their sites of various cells and tissues present in our body. To identify the cells present in blood and their functions.
- 3. 1. EPITHELIUM 2. CONNECTIVE TISSUE and MUSCLES 3. INFLAMMATORY CELLS
- 4. TYPE OF EPITHELIUM A. SQUAMOUS SIMPLE SQUAMOUS 1. Simple Squamous 2. Simple Columnar 3. Simple Cuboidal STRATFIED SQUAMOUS 1. Pseudostratified columnar (Ciliated) 2. Stratified Squamous
- 5. 1. EXOCRINE GLANDS 2. ENDOCRINE GLANDS C. TRANSITIONAL
- 6. Epithelial tissue Covers surfaces Lines tubes and body cavities
- 7. Classification Depending on Number of layers •One- simple •Two or more- stratified Depending on Shape of cell •Irregular, flat- squamous •Square-like- cuboidal •Column-shaped- columnar
- 9. Functions • protection • absorption • filtration • excretion • secretion • sensory reception
- 10. Found where filtration or exchange is occuring like in circulatory system. Lines blood and Lymph vessels) The serous linings of pericardium, pleura and peritonium.
- 12. Places that involve ABSORPTION and SECRETION… Stomach Large intestine Small intestine Gall bladder Respiratory tract
- 13. TYPES 1. Simple 2. Ciliated 3. With microvilli striated border Brush border
- 14. Simple Columnar Epithelium
- 15. Collect tubules of KIDNEYs Thyroid Gland ASSOCIATED w/ secretion.
- 16. Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
- 17. This epitheium gives errorenous impression that there is one more layer of cells. The nuclei of these cells are disposed at different level. Cilia are never present on true stratified epithelium.
- 19. cells are flat or shield like PROTECTS from Exposure to friction This epithelium found at surface of skin, pharynx,linining of the mouth, oesophagus,anal canal and vagina.
- 21. KERATINISATION Stratified Squamous Epithelium EPIDERMIS SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
- 22. Is a Stratified epithelium which contains cells that, due to stretching, change their shape, hence the name “TRANSITIONAL”. Also known as urothelium . Found in urinary tract.
- 23. This properties allows for liquid to be store i.e. urine in the bladder ( an organ where this tissue is found) The apical cells are rounded and give an umbrella shaped or dome cells. The basal cells are roughly cuboidal. Intermediate cells are polygonal.
- 26. GLANDULAR EPITHELIA A gland is one or more cells which produce and secrete a product called secretion.
- 27. Characteristic of the lining of the gastrointestinal tract. Glands that have this epithelium are 1.Exocrine gland: these glands secrete their products into a system of channels or that convey the product to its final destination. E.g salivary gland. 2.Endocrine gland:secrete their products or hormones into the underlying connective tissue and release their secretion directly into the blood. E.g thyroid gland.
- 29. 1.STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS - skin,oral cavity,oesophagus,vagina etc. 2.GLANDULAR - GIT,pancreas,salivary gland,endocervix,endometrium,thyroid etc. 3.TRANSITIONAL - urinary bladder,ureter,pelvis of kidney etc.
- 30. 1.Fibroblasts 2.Adipose tissue 3.Smooth muscle fibre and skeletal muscle.
- 31. These maintain the integrity of supporting tissues by continuous slow turnover of the extracellular matrix constituents. Fibroblasts synthesize and secrete collagen molecules then assembles into fibrils that are cross linked into fibres in the extracellular matrix.
- 32. Most numerous cells of connective tissue. Concerned with the production of collagen fibres. Collagen fibres provides strength. Also produce reticular and elastic fibres. In tissue sections appear to be spindle shaped and nucleus is flattened. Show branching processes when seen from surface.
- 33. FLAT NUCLEUS
- 34. Cells which are adapted for storage of fat called as adipocytes. Adipose tissue has important role general metabolic process. Two main types: 1.White adipose tissue : found in deep layers of skin. E.g adults 2.Brown adipose tissue: small amount found in humans. E.g children
- 35. Nutrition Mechanical function , keeps them in position. Cushioning effect. Insulation Heat generator.
- 39. It is composed of elongated,multinucleate contractile cells k/s muscle fibres bound together by collagenous supporting tissue. Muscle is made up of numerous small fasciculi. Each muscle fibre has multiple nuclei arranged at the cell periphery.
- 41. Cells are elongated,spindle shaped cells with tapered ends. Nucleus is centrally located in the cytoplasm at the widest part of the cell. Smf are bound together in irrerular,branching fasciculi, and these fasciculi are functional contractile unit.
- 42. 1. Polymorphonuclear cells 2. Lymphocytes 3. Eosinophills 4. Plasma cells 5. Macrophages 6. Giant cells
- 44. 14-15 µm in size Nucleus deep purple Cytoplasm pink Small n specific granules Life span is 1-2 days
- 46. Two types 1. Small – 7-10µm 2. Large - 10- 15µm Nucleus is round to oval Cytoplasm basophillic
- 48. Size more then polymorphonuclear cell Nucleus bilobed mostly Cytoplasm large bright orange red granules,
- 50. Usually not present in peripheral blood Occur in the marrow Have deeply basophillic cytoplasm with a perinuclear hallow. Eccentric nucleus
- 51. Derived from B lymphocyte and clearly designed for synthesis of Igs. Cartwheel nucleus. They are found in – Chronic infections neoplasm allergic states , etc
- 53. 20 -70µm in size Irregular shape Cytoplasm may have vacuoles,cell debris or hemosiderin Abundant cytoplasm and small nuclei
- 55. Langhan’s Foreign body Tuton’s Tumor
- 58. Thank you