Biotechnology2
- 2. Then and Now
- 3. Biotechnology then . . . Selective breeding http://www.google.ca/imgres?q=selective+breeding&hl=en&safe=active&sa=X&rls=com.mic rosoft:en-us:IE-SearchBox&biw=792&bih=450&tbm=isch&prmd=imvns&tbnid=c97Kc5- W3LX7jM:&imgrefurl=http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Artificial_selection&doci d=Xzfycdzc7oueEM&imgurl=http://image.absoluteastronomy.com/images/encyclopediaima ges/i/im/img013biglittledogfx_wb.jpg&w=180&h=151&ei=MNCpTqbAA4j9iQLBsqGcCw&zoo m=1&iact=rc&dur=62&sig=118170620476762395285&page=2&tbnh=108&tbnw=122&start= 9&ndsp=9&ved=1t:429,r:8,s:9&tx=61&ty=50 http://www.google.ca/imgres?q=selective+breeding&hl=en&safe=active&sa=X&rls=com.microsoft:en-us:IE- SearchBox&biw=792&bih=450&tbm=isch&prmd=imvns&tbnid=DM_XfKkc_NqPdM:&imgrefurl=http://labho.com/selective-breeding-in-plants-and-it%25E2%2580%2598s-importance/&docid=- jCt5g0j7Ta2wM&imgurl=http://labho.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/Salective- Breeding.jpg&w=430&h=276&ei=MNCpTqbAA4j9iQLBsqGcCw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=173&vpy=133&dur=1843&hovh=180&hovw=280&tx=140&ty=112&sig=118170620476762395285&page=1&tbnh =92&tbnw=144&start=0&ndsp=9&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0
- 4. Food Preserving and Wine and Cheese Making http://www.google.ca/imgres?q=foo d+preserving&hl=en&safe=active&sa =X&rls=com.microsoft:en-us:IE- SearchBox&biw=792&bih=450&tbm=i sch&prmd=imvns&tbnid=OxF- v0n0HfwQpM:&imgrefurl=http://en. wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_preservatio n&docid=tTW4Gmt2cNAXiM&imgurl= http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedi a/commons/thumb/7/7e/PreservedF ood1.jpg/225px- PreservedFood1.jpg&w=225&h=301& ei=WNGpTpTBBIqWiQKpiZ2BCw&zoo m=1&iact=hc&vpx=95&vpy=72&dur= http://www.google.ca/imgres?q=wine+making&hl=en&safe=active&sa=X&rls=com. 875&hovh=240&hovw=180&tx=100& http://www.google.ca/imgres?q=traditional+cheesemaking&hl=en&rls=com.mi microsoft:en-us:IE- ty=179&sig=11817062047676239528 crosoft:en-ca:IE- SearchBox&biw=792&bih=450&tbm=isch&prmd=imvnsbl&tbnid=xMOC2XHgvB- 5&page=1&tbnh=125&tbnw=94&star SearchBox&rlz=1I7TSCA&biw=1280&bih=555&tbm=isch&tbnid=tSz9Xx_YkDDG K5M:&imgrefurl=http://www.theworldwidewine.com/Wine_articles/Making_Wine/ t=0&ndsp=8&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0 mM:&imgrefurl=http://fixiefoo.typepad.com/fixies_shelf/2009/06/making- wmfg.php&docid=5Btgkv-8BEF- cheese-the-traditional- dM&imgurl=http://www.theworldwidewine.com/Wine_articles/Making_Wine/tradit way.html&docid=aIGg_LeCSfI3DM&imgurl=http://fixiefoo.typepad.com/.a/6a0 ional_wine_making.gif&w=500&h=500&ei=i9GpToqmMKqWiQLDk8ntCg&zoom=1&ia 0d8345eaeee69e2011571397d71970b- ct=rc&dur=62&sig=118170620476762395285&page=2&tbnh=101&tbnw=101&start= 800wi&w=800&h=599&ei=O5qsTrfdJMGoiQKu1eG_Cw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx= 8&ndsp=10&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:8&tx=69&ty=61 418&vpy=160&dur=873&hovh=194&hovw=260&tx=142&ty=158&sig=11396811 5803711870592&page=3&tbnh=155&tbnw=212&start=22&ndsp=10&ved=1t:42 9,r:1,s:22
- 5. Antibiotics http://www.google.ca/imgres?q=history+of+penicillin&hl=en&sa=X&rls=com.microsoft:en-ca:IE- SearchBox&rlz=1I7TSCA&biw=1280&bih=555&tbm=isch&prmd=imvns&tbnid=u8_fft59NluNlM:&imgr efurl=http://www.jsur.org/history/Fleming&docid=E2Rg35Zj2- Y_PM&imgurl=http://www.jsur.org/images/flemingA.jpg&w=416&h=300&ei=gZysTr- AEKqhiALjhtn1Cg&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=405&sig=113968115803711870592&page=1&tbnh=114&tbn w=152&start=0&ndsp=24&ved=1t:429,r:5,s:0&tx=71&ty=80 http://www.google.ca/imgres?q=antibiotics&hl=en&sa=X&rls=com.microsoft:en-ca:IE- SearchBox&rlz=1I7TSCA&biw=1280&bih=555&tbm=isch&prmd=imvns&tbnid=LJlIJJGEkXFlSM:&imgrefurl= http://www.heart-watch-blog.com/blogs/permalinks/4-2007/fewer-heart-patients-need- antibiotics.html&docid=5vmF5u4X1VVZXM&imgurl=http://www.heart-watch-blog.com/images/blogs/4- 2007/antibiotic-resistance- 12130.jpg&w=400&h=300&ei=iZusTtmOKeTniALpq4mQCw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=564&vpy=241&dur=2 964&hovh=194&hovw=259&tx=125&ty=138&sig=113968115803711870592&page=6&tbnh=154&tbnw=2 21&start=50&ndsp=10&ved=1t:429,r:2,s:50 http://www.google.ca/imgres?q=antibiotics&hl=en&sa=X&rls=com.microsoft:en-ca:IE- SearchBox&rlz=1I7TSCA&biw=1280&bih=555&tbm=isch&prmd=imvns&tbnid=KfvmX2F6HY6yUM:&imgrefurl=http://antibiotics- infections.braveblog.com/&docid=ExwY3EClTywFSM&imgurl=http://myimages.bravenet.com/322/591/570/8/penicillin.png&w=380&h=262&ei=iZusTtmOKeTniALpq4mQCw&zoom=1&iact=rc&du r=78&sig=113968115803711870592&page=7&tbnh=140&tbnw=203&start=60&ndsp=10&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:60&tx=96&ty=73
- 6. Biotechnology Now . . . Bioinformatics Goal: to increase the understanding of biological processes. Used to create a database for the Human Genome Project. http://www.sri.com/news/releases/01262011.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotechnology http://en.wikipedia.org/wki/Coning#Species_cloned
- 7. RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY Green biotechnology Biotechnology applied to agricultural processes. Examples: designing transgenic plants such as Bt corn, which is engineered to make its own pesticides, using a gene from Bacillus thuringiensis. http://www.mindfully.org/Farm/Green-Revolution-Bt-Roots.htm
- 8. White biotechnology Biotechnology applied to industrial processes. An example is the designing of an organism to produce a useful chemical. http://www.scq.ubc.ca/the-little-workers-of-the-mining-industry/
- 9. Red biotechnology Biotechnology applied to medical processes. Examples: organisms are designed to produce antibiotics or drugs. http://www.google.ca/imgres?q=INSULIN+PRODUCING+BACTERIA&hl=en&sa=X&rls=com.microsoft:en-ca:IE- SearchBox&rlz=1I7TSCA&biw=1280&bih=555&tbm=isch&prmd=imvns&tbnid=zw373OCeOd_skM:&imgrefurl=http://www.ied.edu.hk/biotech/eng/cla ssrm/class_health5.html&docid=BfkQCKUyKXeYtM&imgurl=http://www.ied.edu.hk/biotech/eng/classrm/explain/health3.jpg&w=696&h=507&ei=V6- sToCwEuaUiAKp5LWvCw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=974&vpy=136&dur=2901&hovh=192&hovw=263&tx=118&ty=95&sig=112479492059546291295&pa ge=1&tbnh=108&tbnw=148&start=0&ndsp=25&ved=1t:429,r:7,s:0
- 12. Viral Transduction Bacterial DNA is transferred from one bacterium to another by a virus. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transduction_(ge netics)
- 13. Bacterial Conjugation One bacteria transfers beneficial DNA to another. Example: gene that codes for antibiotic resistance. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_conjugation
- 15. History of Recombinant DNA 1972 - The idea for recombinant DNA was first proposed by Peter Lobban, a graduate student at Stanford University Medical School. 1972 -73 - The first publications describing the successful production and intracellular replication of recombinant DNA appeared. 1974 – Patent on recombinant DNA was awarded in 1980. 1982 - The first licensed drug generated using recombinant DNA technology was human insulin, developed by Genentech and Licensed by Eli Lilly and Company. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recombinant_DN A#History_of_recombinant_DNA
- 16. APPROVED COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS PRODUCTS STILL IN DEVELOPMENT Herbicide tolerance Soybean Glyphosate herbicide (Roundup) tolerance Vitamin enrichment Rice Three genes for the conferred by expression of a manufacture of beta- glyphosate-tolerant form of carotene, a precursor to the plant enzyme 5- vitamin A, in the enolpyruvylshikimate-3- endosperm of the rice phosphate synthase (EPSPS) prevent its removal (from isolated from the soil husks) during milling bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens, strain CP4 Vaccines Tobacco Hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) produced in transgenic Insect resistance Corn Resistance to insect pests, tobacco induces immune specifically the European response when injected corn borer, through into mice expression of the insecticidal protein Cry1Ab from Bacillus Oral vaccines Maize Fusion protein (F) from thuringiensis Newcastle disease virus (NDV) expressed in corn Altered fatty acid Canola High laurate levels achieved seeds induces an immune composition by inserting the gene for ACP response when fed to thioesterase from the chickens California bay tree Umbellularia californica Faster maturation Coho A type 1 growth hormone salmon gene injected into fertilized fish eggs results Virus resistance Plum Resistance to plum pox virus in 6.2% retention of the conferred by insertion of a vector at one year of age, coat protein (CP) gene from as well as significantly the virus increased growth rates http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/genetically-modified-organisms-gmos-transgenic-crops-and-732
- 17. Applications: The GloFish is a patented and trademarked brand of genetically modified (GM) fluorescent zebrafish with bright red, green, orange- yellow, blue, and purple fluorescent colors. One of the first genetically modified animals to become publicly available as a pet. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GloFish
- 18. Cow Growth Hormone is inserted into fish DNA to make the fish grow larger. (Not yet on the market.) http://www.google.ca/imgres?q=trout&hl=en&rls=com.microsoft:en-ca:IE- http://www.google.ca/imgres?q=cow&hl=en&sa=X&rls=com.microsoft:en-ca:IE- SearchBox&rlz=1I7TSCA&biw=1280&bih=555&tbm=isch&tbnid=E8Hnrt3CCDQgmM:&imgrefurl=http://de SearchBox&rlz=1I7TSCA&biw=1280&bih=555&tbm=isch&prmd=imvns&tbnid=_SDNrUep3A- tlaphiltdic.blogspot.com/2011/01/experts-predict-climb-in-grizzly.html&docid=O5GuIQMv- qKM:&imgrefurl=http://www.mad-cow.net/&docid=L1o1IRfveKp0PM&imgurl=http://www.mad- I9vEM&imgurl=http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_xs9T-jlzwhA/TTgA6L8mrfI/AAAAAAAApaI/qQ_8Uz- _lKU/s1600/Cutthroat%25252BTrout.jpg&w=739&h=359&ei=T8qtTv-TAbDZiAK02uHsCg&zoom=1 cow.net/images/cow.jpg&w=2304&h=1728&ei=NcmtTs67CMeJiAKo7_nnCg&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=428& vpy=195&dur=78&hovh=194&hovw=259&tx=155&ty=149&sig=112479492059546291295&page=1&tbnh= 158&tbnw=218&start=0&ndsp=10&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0
- 22. Cow DNA containing gene for bovine growth hormone (bGH): DESIRED GENE (bGH gene) Cow DNA Recognition sites
- 23. Eco R1 (Restriction enzyme) bGH gene BGH gene is removed by restriction enzymes. Sticky ends result.
- 24. bGH gene from cow Fish DNA cut with same restriction enzyme to create the same sticky ends. Fish DNA Sticky ends of bGH gene complement sticky ends on fish DNA.
- 25. Ligase joins the sticky ends. Chimeric DNA results: fish DNA with a cow gene for growth incorporated.
- 27. Human Insulin Synthesis by Bacteria
- 30. 1. Plasmid DNA and human DNA are 2. Sticky ends on treated with the same the human DNA restriction enzyme. containing the insulin gene are complementary to sticky ends on the plasmid. 3. Ligase is used to join sticky ends. 4. Bacteria containing plasmid with human insulin gene makes insulin.
- 31. Similar technique, different applications . . . http://www.google.ca/imgres?q=plasmid+dna+insulin& hl=en&sa=X&rls=com.microsoft:en-ca:IE- SearchBox&rlz=1I7TSCA&biw=1280&bih=555&tbm=isch &prmd=imvns&tbnid=CkigMut9xJeEkM:&imgrefurl=htt p://intranet.canacad.ac.jp:3445/BiologyIBHL1/1298&do cid=X1Lopw- UqnETEM&imgurl=http://intranet.canacad.ac.jp:3445/B iologyIBHL1/admin/image.html%253Fimageid%253D49 3674&w=600&h=660&ei=IN2tTpTsPKGviQLk6fTzCg&zoo m=1&iact=hc&vpx=951&vpy=88&dur=702&hovh=235& hovw=214&tx=96&ty=111&sig=11247949205954629129 5&page=1&tbnh=118&tbnw=107&start=0&ndsp=24&v ed=1t:429,r:6,s:0
- 32. Cloning Genes Cloning Organisms http://www.google.ca/imgres?q=cloning+genes&hl=en&rls=com.microsoft:en-ca:IE- SearchBox&rlz=1I7TSCA&biw=1280&bih=555&tbm=isch&tbnid=W5YUEaRCE8j5DM:&imgrefurl=http: //www.wonderquest.com/cloning.htm&docid=08bDXpFd2KJYZM&imgurl=http://www.wonderquest. com/fig5-cloning-gene.jpg&w=180&h=435&ei=2J-sTo2AEOiWiQLaq- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloning#Species_cloned WUCw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=897&vpy=61&dur=4774&hovh=348&hovw=144&tx=104&ty=203&sig =113968115803711870592&page=1&tbnh=116&tbnw=48&start=0&ndsp=25&ved=1t:429,r:6,s:0
- 33. How to Clone a Human
- 36. RFLP’s RFLP’s are the result of a variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR’s).
- 37. RFLP’s are the result of a variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR’s). http://www.google.ca/imgres?q=vntrs&hl=en&sa=X&rls=com.microsoft:en-ca:IE- SearchBox&rlz=1I7TSCA&biw=1280&bih=555&tbm=isch&prmd=imvns&tbnid=xiVGDX4BuL9HlM:&imgrefurl=http://www.ucm.es/info/genetica/grupod/Cromoeuc/cromoeuc.htm& docid=AU1zekKi7wfekM&imgurl=http://www.ucm.es/info/genetica/grupod/Cromoeuc/vntr1.jpg&w=513&h=345&ei=EBi3TuDHIIiZiAKMo6jFDQ&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=78&sig=11 2479492059546291295&page=1&tbnh=102&tbnw=152&start=0&ndsp=22&ved=1t:429,r:11,s:0&tx=97&ty=-14
- 45. Some sections of DNA are more unique than others. As a result, the probability that the DNA could belong to someone else must be included.
- 46. The US Department of National Defense uses mitochondrial DNA to determine the identity of unknown soldiers.
- 47. http://www.google.ca/imgres?q=pri nce+philip+queen+elizabeth&hl=e n&rls=com.microsoft:en-ca:IE- SearchBox&rlz=1I7TSCA&biw=12 80&bih=555&tbm=isch&tbnid=c4T _0hKVMDyv_M:&imgrefurl=http://li sawallerrogers.wordpress.com/20 10/07/01/prince-philips-mum-had- a-habit/&docid=F2lOA35W- enf1M&imgurl=http://lisawallerroge rs.files.wordpress.com/2010/07/qu een-elizabeth-and-prince-philip- engagement-july- 9_1947.jpg&w=468&h=608&ei=6i G3TsPGLunhiALkqNh5&zoom=1 &iact=hc&vpx=368&vpy=107&dur =14414&hovh=256&hovw=197&tx http://www.google.ca/im =135&ty=111&sig=112479492059 gres?imgurl=http://uploa 546291295&page=1&tbnh=116&t d.wikimedia.org/wikipedi bnw=89&start=0&ndsp=25&ved=1 a/commons/thumb/3/35/ t:429,r:2,s:0 838519023_tonnel-1- .jpg/220px- 838519023_tonnel-1- .jpg&imgrefurl=http://sim ple.wikipedia.org/wiki/An na_Anderson&h=293&w =220&sz=23&tbnid=s7X i- vu72mJxlM:&tbnh=99&t bnw=74&prev=/search% 3Fq%3Danna%2Bander son%26tbm%3Disch%2 6tbo%3Du&zoom=1&q= anna+anderson&docid= vYGqLxG6LMIr1M&sa= X&ei=HiK3TrXFCKjmiA KpzLhd&ved=0CDsQ9Q EwBA&dur=2434 http://www.google.ca/imgres?q=romanovs&hl=en&rls=com.microsoft:en-ca:IE- SearchBox&rlz=1I7TSCA&biw=1280&bih=555&tbm=isch&tbnid=z3m- i0Mc5aLWTM:&imgrefurl=http://prettycleverfilms.com/2011/05/19/for-the-good-of-russia-rasputin- and-the-empress- 1932/&docid=5_1y6inY_OxBIM&imgurl=http://prettycleverfilms.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/the- historical- romanovs.jpg&w=400&h=330&ei=KiC3Tpu6KcXJiQKG6YA7&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=312&sig=11 2479492059546291295&page=1&tbnh=154&tbnw=183&start=0&ndsp=24&ved=1t:429,r:5,s:0&t x=123&ty=116