Bit Selection.ppt
- 2. CONFIDENTIAL: For Internal Use Only. May not be disclosed, used or reproduced without written permission from Smith International, Inc. Procedure Define Objective Offset Analysis Geological Analysis Dull Bit Analysis Selection Process
- 3. CONFIDENTIAL: For Internal Use Only. May not be disclosed, used or reproduced without written permission from Smith International, Inc. Define Objective Usually trying to achieve lowest cost per foot But some cases - try to maximize ROP Meters Drilled Good dull Footage Trip Drill t Rig Bit ft Cost ) ( cos /
- 4. CONFIDENTIAL: For Internal Use Only. May not be disclosed, used or reproduced without written permission from Smith International, Inc. Define Objective Factors to consider Interval length and diameter Well paths Directional considerations, Hit the Target BHA Stabilization Drive Types: Rotary Steerable System, PDM, Turbine Mud systems Water Based, Gel Chem, Silicate, Oil Based Rig Capabilities Single, Double, Triple, Pumps, Motors
- 5. CONFIDENTIAL: For Internal Use Only. May not be disclosed, used or reproduced without written permission from Smith International, Inc. Objective Example - Motors Roller cone Premium bearing package for high speed application Premium gage package for side loading PDC Features to limit torque and maintain toolface control Features to aid in steerability Gage protection
- 6. CONFIDENTIAL: For Internal Use Only. May not be disclosed, used or reproduced without written permission from Smith International, Inc. Procedure Define Objective Offset Analysis Geological Analysis Dull Bit Analysis Selection Process
- 7. CONFIDENTIAL: For Internal Use Only. May not be disclosed, used or reproduced without written permission from Smith International, Inc. Offset Analysis Historical search on bits ran in the area Radial search or select similar formation (fields) Don’t go back more than 2 years Define intervals and similar drilling conditions Select a short list of 5 – 8 top bits For detailed study 12 – 20 bits for graphing purpose For field study
- 8. CONFIDENTIAL: For Internal Use Only. May not be disclosed, used or reproduced without written permission from Smith International, Inc. Offset Analysis – Considerations Are offsets relevant Similar drilling conditions Similar mud system Similar well profile Similar rigs Sometimes there are no adequate offset Need to go by formation data
- 9. CONFIDENTIAL: For Internal Use Only. May not be disclosed, used or reproduced without written permission from Smith International, Inc. Offset Analysis – Benchmarking Definition The study of a competitor's product or business practices in order to improve the performance of one's own company Measuring performance Comparative analysis
- 10. CONFIDENTIAL: For Internal Use Only. May not be disclosed, used or reproduced without written permission from Smith International, Inc. Offset Analysis – Benchmarking Review the past performance Determine “yardsticks” Benchmark bit – best bit in the application It must be consistently better to be considered
- 11. CONFIDENTIAL: For Internal Use Only. May not be disclosed, used or reproduced without written permission from Smith International, Inc. Offset Analysis – Benchmarking From benchmarking Questions – why is there difference in performance Have a standard to compare subsequent runs to
- 12. CONFIDENTIAL: For Internal Use Only. May not be disclosed, used or reproduced without written permission from Smith International, Inc. Sample Benchmarking Northern Canada Gunnell Field Drillout at 250m Must drill to at least to 800m Trip for BHA change Trace progression of bit usage
- 13. CONFIDENTIAL: For Internal Use Only. May not be disclosed, used or reproduced without written permission from Smith International, Inc. 2004 – Drilled vs ROP Meters Drilled vs. ROP 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 10 15 20 25 30 ROP (m/hr) Meters Drilled (m) D51 EBXS20S EP5524 EP5621 FGI08BV FI16VPS
- 14. CONFIDENTIAL: For Internal Use Only. May not be disclosed, used or reproduced without written permission from Smith International, Inc. 2004 – Depth vs ROP Drilled Interval vs ROP D51 EBXS20S EBXS20S EBXS20S EP5524 EP5621 EP5621 FGI08BV FI16VPS FI16VPS FI16VPS 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 10 15 20 25 30 ROP (m/hr) Depth (m)
- 15. CONFIDENTIAL: For Internal Use Only. May not be disclosed, used or reproduced without written permission from Smith International, Inc. Late 2005 – Drilled vs ROP Meters Drilled vs. ROP 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 10 15 20 25 30 ROP (m/hr) Meters Drilled (m) CH24MS D44 DSX210 EBXS22S EP5621 ER7214VPS GX20 HP44 MER20272BVPX MGR70PX
- 16. CONFIDENTIAL: For Internal Use Only. May not be disclosed, used or reproduced without written permission from Smith International, Inc. Late 2005 – Depth vs ROP Drilled Interval vs ROP CH24MS D44 DSX210 EBXS22S ER7214VPS ER7214VPS GX20 GX20 GX20 HP44 MER20272BVPX MGR70PX 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 10 15 20 25 30 ROP (m/hr) Depth (m)
- 17. CONFIDENTIAL: For Internal Use Only. May not be disclosed, used or reproduced without written permission from Smith International, Inc. Early 2006 – Drilled vs ROP Meters Drilled vs. ROP 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 ROP (m/hr) Meters Drilled (m) DSX210 DSX305 HC506ZX M516VHBPX M92BHVPX UD513
- 18. CONFIDENTIAL: For Internal Use Only. May not be disclosed, used or reproduced without written permission from Smith International, Inc. Early 2006 – Depth vs ROP Drilled Interval vs ROP DSX210 DSX210 DSX210 DSX305 DSX305 DSX305 HC506ZX HC506ZX HC506ZX M516VHBPX M516VHBPX M92BHVPX UD513 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 ROP (m/hr) Depth (m)
- 19. CONFIDENTIAL: For Internal Use Only. May not be disclosed, used or reproduced without written permission from Smith International, Inc. Procedure Define Objective Offset Analysis Geological Analysis Dull Bit Analysis Selection Process
- 20. CONFIDENTIAL: For Internal Use Only. May not be disclosed, used or reproduced without written permission from Smith International, Inc. Geological Analysis Logs DBOS Understand its limitation Identify Homogeneous vs. Interbedded zones Stringers Abrasiveness Compressive strength Impact damage Bit balling
- 21. CONFIDENTIAL: For Internal Use Only. May not be disclosed, used or reproduced without written permission from Smith International, Inc. Selection Process How a bit will drill determined primarily by Rock-bit interaction Different type of formation require different modes of interaction
- 22. CONFIDENTIAL: For Internal Use Only. May not be disclosed, used or reproduced without written permission from Smith International, Inc. Cutting Action – Roller Cone Bits Most aggressive cutting action Soft formation High ROP applications Greater cone offset more twisting and turning of tooth or insert as it moves into and away from the formation Like a garden shovel Gouging - Scraping
- 23. CONFIDENTIAL: For Internal Use Only. May not be disclosed, used or reproduced without written permission from Smith International, Inc. Cutting Action – Roller Cone Bits Gouging - Scraping
- 24. CONFIDENTIAL: For Internal Use Only. May not be disclosed, used or reproduced without written permission from Smith International, Inc. Cutting Action – Roller Cone Bits Most durable cutting action Hard formation Low ROP applications Usually little or no cone offset Straight indentation of the formation Like a hammer and chisel Chipping - Crushing
- 25. CONFIDENTIAL: For Internal Use Only. May not be disclosed, used or reproduced without written permission from Smith International, Inc. Cutting Action – Roller Cone Bits Chipping - Crushing
- 26. CONFIDENTIAL: For Internal Use Only. May not be disclosed, used or reproduced without written permission from Smith International, Inc. Cutting Action – Roller Cone Bits These two action are the extreme ends of cutting structure spectrum Most design use a combination of these actions High ROP Low ROP Gouging Scraping Chipping Crushing
- 27. CONFIDENTIAL: For Internal Use Only. May not be disclosed, used or reproduced without written permission from Smith International, Inc. Cutting Action – Fixed Cutter Bits Shearing action Most efficient cutting action Rocks typically fracture more easily with shear loading Require less energy and WOB PDC
- 28. CONFIDENTIAL: For Internal Use Only. May not be disclosed, used or reproduced without written permission from Smith International, Inc. Cutting Action – Fixed Cutter Bits Ploughing and grinding action Point contact in cutting structure Require higher RPM for better performance Impreg
- 29. CONFIDENTIAL: For Internal Use Only. May not be disclosed, used or reproduced without written permission from Smith International, Inc. Cutting Action – Shearing Not a direct vertical penetration of the formation, energy directed into a lateral cutting action Require sufficient energy to shear formation WOB – to penetrate formation (Fv) Torque – to supply lateral (Fcut) force WOB Torque
- 30. CONFIDENTIAL: For Internal Use Only. May not be disclosed, used or reproduced without written permission from Smith International, Inc. Geological Analysis Understanding the geology is the key to bit selection
- 31. CONFIDENTIAL: For Internal Use Only. May not be disclosed, used or reproduced without written permission from Smith International, Inc. Procedure Define Objective Offset Analysis Geological Analysis Dull Bit Analysis Selection Process
- 32. CONFIDENTIAL: For Internal Use Only. May not be disclosed, used or reproduced without written permission from Smith International, Inc. Dull Bit Analysis Best if have actual dull Next best – Dull photos Last case – dull grades from bit records
- 33. CONFIDENTIAL: For Internal Use Only. May not be disclosed, used or reproduced without written permission from Smith International, Inc. Dull Bit Analysis Compare the dull conditions of bits from offset Is the dull consistent with geology? Does something stand out? Look for things out of the ordinary and ask why Reevaluate bit selections based on dull conditions and objectives
- 34. CONFIDENTIAL: For Internal Use Only. May not be disclosed, used or reproduced without written permission from Smith International, Inc. Dull Bit Analysis Tooth Wear Off-Center – cutting structure too hard Tracking Cutting structure design Operating parameters Flat Crested Operating parameters High wear – carbide, bit type Broken compacts – carbide type, shape
- 35. CONFIDENTIAL: For Internal Use Only. May not be disclosed, used or reproduced without written permission from Smith International, Inc. Dull Bit Analysis Gauge wear Undergauge High RPM application High abrasion application Directional drilling (sliding) Solutions Diamond gauge or heel protection Bit with greater carbide volume on gauge Low offset bit
- 36. CONFIDENTIAL: For Internal Use Only. May not be disclosed, used or reproduced without written permission from Smith International, Inc. Dull Grade Bearing Failure High RPM application Mud type Other Dull Characteristics Balled Operating parameters Hydraulics features – Mini, X-flow, V-flow
- 37. CONFIDENTIAL: For Internal Use Only. May not be disclosed, used or reproduced without written permission from Smith International, Inc. Procedure Define Objective Offset Analysis Geological Analysis Dull Bit Analysis Selection Process
- 38. CONFIDENTIAL: For Internal Use Only. May not be disclosed, used or reproduced without written permission from Smith International, Inc. Selection Process How a bit will drill determined primarily by Rock-bit interaction Other considerations
- 39. CONFIDENTIAL: For Internal Use Only. May not be disclosed, used or reproduced without written permission from Smith International, Inc. Selection Process – FAROPS Design Factors Cutting Structure Inserts/Cutters Bearing Structure Formation Properties Bit Weight Bit RPM Hydraulics Drilling Fluids
- 40. CONFIDENTIAL: For Internal Use Only. May not be disclosed, used or reproduced without written permission from Smith International, Inc. Selection Process Decisions Choices 1 Type of Bit Milltooth, TCI, PDC 2 CS1 – Drillability Aggressive vs. durability 3 CS2 – Cutting Element Type of inserts, cutters 4 CS3 – Specifics Gage durability, etc 5 Features Additional features 6 Hydraulics Nozzle size and configuration
- 41. CONFIDENTIAL: For Internal Use Only. May not be disclosed, used or reproduced without written permission from Smith International, Inc. Selection Process – 1 Formation Soft formation Balling issue Hard formation Interbedded formation Homogeneous formation Mill tooth TCI PDC
- 42. CONFIDENTIAL: For Internal Use Only. May not be disclosed, used or reproduced without written permission from Smith International, Inc. Selection Process 2. CS1 Drillability 3. CS2 Cutting element 4. CS3 5. Features 6. Hydraulics 00-90 Chisel vs conical Insert extension Gage carbide Bit offset Leg protection Diamond protection TFA Nozzle configuration Blade number Cutter size Cutter type Cutter layout Bit Profile Impact, Gage TFA TCI PDC
- 43. CONFIDENTIAL: For Internal Use Only. May not be disclosed, used or reproduced without written permission from Smith International, Inc. Matching Technology to Application Formation Type Operating Environment Operating Parameter Operating Constraints Interbedded Stringers Cmp Strength Abrasiveness Impact Balling Shearing Fracture Hole size Directional BHA Mud type WOB RPM Flow rate Rig constraints Torque limit RPM limit Reaming Junk in Hole
- 44. CONFIDENTIAL: For Internal Use Only. May not be disclosed, used or reproduced without written permission from Smith International, Inc. Summary Understanding the formation is the key Use offset to benchmark application Verify bit performance with dulls
- 45. CONFIDENTIAL: For Internal Use Only. May not be disclosed, used or reproduced without written permission from Smith International, Inc. Example of Offset Study for Bit Selection
- 46. CONFIDENTIAL: For Internal Use Only. May not be disclosed, used or reproduced without written permission from Smith International, Inc. Case Study Northern BC, Canada Field: Cutbank Drill out bit Casing point: 350-400m Vertical application Through Paddy To Falher
- 47. CONFIDENTIAL: For Internal Use Only. May not be disclosed, used or reproduced without written permission from Smith International, Inc. Case Study Geology – DBOS Dulls Offset Application Matrix