Blaise Pascal was a French mathematician born in 1623 who made several important contributions to mathematics. He began studying mathematics on his own at a young age and discovered properties of triangles. His father then supported his mathematical studies and introduced him to other mathematicians. Pascal published his first book on geometry at age 16 and invented a mechanical calculator called the Pascaline at age 18. He went on to publish important works on probability theory and binomial coefficients that established him as one of the most influential mathematicians of all time.