Things (sensors, actuators) that connect to the
Internet either directly or via gateways. They use IoT networking
protocols like Bluetooth Low Energy, ZigBee, LoRaWAN, etc.
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Gateway: A device that connects multiple things to the Internet
using IoT networking protocols and acts as a bridge to the
Internet.
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IoT platform: A cloud-based service that manages connectivity,
data storage, and processing for IoT applications. It exposes
APIs for applications to access data and control things.
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Application: Software that interacts with the IoT platform to
access data, control things, and provide value to end users.