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Blogs or Flogs? Genre Conventions and Linguistic Practices in Corporate Web Logs Cornelius Puschmann University of Düsseldorf [email_address] Telematica Instituut 31 August 2007
Contents of this presentation Research context What's a corporate blog anyway? Why do companies blog? Three strategic approaches:  conforming  with,  flouting  or  subverting  conventions Observations
Research context
The project Doctoral thesis project: The corporate blog as an emerging genre of computer-mediated communication Focus survey of a new form of domain-specific publishing linguistic and extra-linguistic aspects Questions What functions do corporate blogs realize? How do corporate blogs play with existing genre conventions?
Data web feeds (RSS/Atom) are used to retrieve, store and analyze language data automated part-of-speech annotation 161 English-language sources (133 corporate blogs, 18 personal, 1 political, 1 technical) 3 press editorial sections (New York Times, Washington Post, LA Times) 5 press release sections (Microsoft, GM, Sun, Oracle, McDonald's) 29,528 blog posts 7,821,317 words
What's a corporate blog anyway?
An example: GM FastLane
A lot of different terms on the market “enterprise blogging” “corporate blogging” “business blogging” “employee blogging” “paid blogging” ...
My pragmatic definition A blog written and maintained by the employees of a company that is used to further organizational goals. Blogs can fulfill intra- or extra-organizational functions marketing public relations customer relations management recruiting knowledge management communication
Organizational and functional types of corporate blogs Five different types grouped according to authorship and function:
Organizational and functional types of corporate blogs Five different types grouped according to authorship and function: product blog
Organizational and functional types of corporate blogs Five different types grouped according to authorship and function: product blog,  image blog
Organizational and functional types of corporate blogs Five different types grouped according to authorship and function: product blog,  image blog ,  knowledge blog
Organizational and functional types of corporate blogs Five different types grouped according to authorship and function: product blog,  image blog ,  knowledge blog ,  strategy blog
Organizational and functional types of corporate blogs Five different types grouped according to authorship and function: product blog,  image blog ,  knowledge blog ,  strategy blog ,  multi-purpose blog
Corporate blogging ethics? Robert Scoble's  Corporate Weblog Manifesto  (2003) http://scoble.weblogs.com/2003/02/26.html   #1  Tell the truth #2  Post fast on good news or bad #3  Use a human voice #5  Have a thick skin #7  Talk to the grassroots first #8  If you screw up, acknowledge it #14  If you don't have the answers, say so code of conduct, “behavior beats bottom line”
Companies that blog
Why do companies blog?
A communicative crisis? The Cluetrain Manifesto  (1999) http://www.cluetrain.com/   #1  Markets are conversations. #2  Markets consist of human beings, not demographic sectors. #3  Conversations among human beings sound human. They are conducted in a human voice. #4  Whether delivering information, opinions, perspectives, dissenting arguments or humorous asides, the human voice is typically open, natural, uncontrived. #5  People recognize each other as such from the sound of this voice.
A communicative crisis? The Cluetrain Manifesto  (1999) http://www.cluetrain.com/   #1  Markets are conversations. #2  Markets consist of human beings, not demographic sectors. #3  Conversations among human beings sound human. They are conducted in a human voice. #4  Whether delivering information, opinions, perspectives, dissenting arguments or humorous asides, the human voice is typically open, natural, uncontrived. #5  People recognize each other as such from the sound of this voice.
A communicative crisis? The Cluetrain Manifesto  (1999) http://www.cluetrain.com/   #1  Markets are conversations. #2  Markets consist of human beings, not demographic sectors. #3  Conversations among human beings sound human. They are conducted in a human voice. #4  Whether delivering information, opinions, perspectives, dissenting arguments or humorous asides, the human voice is typically open, natural, uncontrived. #5  People recognize each other as such from the sound of this voice.
A communicative crisis? The Cluetrain Manifesto  (1999) http://www.cluetrain.com/   #1  Markets are conversations. #2  Markets consist of human beings, not demographic sectors. #3  Conversations among human beings sound human. They are conducted in a human voice. #4  Whether delivering information, opinions, perspectives, dissenting arguments or humorous asides, the human voice is typically open, natural, uncontrived. #5  People recognize each other as such from the sound of this voice.
Communicating vs. Publishing spontaneous planned discursive monologic qualified constative publishing (written) interpersonal communication (spoken) transient persistent contextual non-contextual
What's so special about blogs? blogs are the first truly  personal  publishing platform blogs combine the qualities of  publishing  (one-to-many, asynchronous, no feedback) and  interpersonal communication  (one-one, synchronous, feedback) they have “hard” technically conditioned conventions... segmentation of texts into posts title, date and author with each post reverse chronological order of items permalinks ... ... and “soft” communicative conventions first-person voice (“I think it is a good thing that X” vs. “It is a good thing that X”) meta-language (“I just wanted to blog about this”) interactional queues are usually literal (“What do you think?” means “Leave a comment!”) author and publisher are usually identical (“I” means “I, writer”, “I, publisher” and “I, blog owner”) ...
Implications for corporate blogging people can communicate, companies can't the “corporate voice” is an invention press releases, advertisements etc either have no discernible referents or “simulate” conversations (“here at Company X, we are trying to make your life better”) this worked fine in mass media (no feedback), but fails in feedback media such as blogs Since companies can't communicate, how can they blog?
Three strategic approaches:  conforming ,  flouting  or  subverting  conventions
Strategy #1: Conforming author is discernible
The trouble with conforming “Spokesperson syndrome”: any time an employee expresses a (personal) opinion it can be interpreted as the official standpoint of the company no more clear, carefully targeted messages individuals take the spotlight, companies get the limelight personal communicative goals can take priority over those of the company Useful if... a neutral, third-party view is needed to ease an image problem (Scoble) behavior beats bottom line
Strategy #2: Flouting instead, use of the “ corporate we”
The trouble with flouting risk of being accused of “not getting it” risk of being ignored what function does this realize?
Strategy #3: Subverting there's an author... but he's fictional
The trouble with subverting if you get caught you're in deep trouble (Wal-Mart flog incident) subverting is the strategy for pursuing covert goals problem A: you are cheating, problem B: that you are cheating suggests that you have a hidden agenda can you build real trust with fictional characters?
E) Observations
Observations blogs are profoundly  personal  platforms of communication this means that organizations must individualize corporate relations if they want to utilize blogs this is associated with a number of risks traditional, control-based approaches to marketing and PR are least effective in the context of blogs, unless one resorts to  flouting  or  subverting new approaches are  hard to predict in their precise effect hard to replicate highly dependent on the individual bloggers expertise, sensitivity etc only effective in the long term
Thanks for listening!
Blogs or Flogs? Exploring and Exploiting Genre Conventions and Linguistic Practices in Corporate Web Logs Cornelius Puschmann University of Düsseldorf [email_address] Telematica Instituut 31 August 2007

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Blogs or Flogs? Genre Conventions and Linguistic Practices in Corporate Web Logs

  • 1. Blogs or Flogs? Genre Conventions and Linguistic Practices in Corporate Web Logs Cornelius Puschmann University of Düsseldorf [email_address] Telematica Instituut 31 August 2007
  • 2. Contents of this presentation Research context What's a corporate blog anyway? Why do companies blog? Three strategic approaches: conforming with, flouting or subverting conventions Observations
  • 4. The project Doctoral thesis project: The corporate blog as an emerging genre of computer-mediated communication Focus survey of a new form of domain-specific publishing linguistic and extra-linguistic aspects Questions What functions do corporate blogs realize? How do corporate blogs play with existing genre conventions?
  • 5. Data web feeds (RSS/Atom) are used to retrieve, store and analyze language data automated part-of-speech annotation 161 English-language sources (133 corporate blogs, 18 personal, 1 political, 1 technical) 3 press editorial sections (New York Times, Washington Post, LA Times) 5 press release sections (Microsoft, GM, Sun, Oracle, McDonald's) 29,528 blog posts 7,821,317 words
  • 6. What's a corporate blog anyway?
  • 7. An example: GM FastLane
  • 8. A lot of different terms on the market “enterprise blogging” “corporate blogging” “business blogging” “employee blogging” “paid blogging” ...
  • 9. My pragmatic definition A blog written and maintained by the employees of a company that is used to further organizational goals. Blogs can fulfill intra- or extra-organizational functions marketing public relations customer relations management recruiting knowledge management communication
  • 10. Organizational and functional types of corporate blogs Five different types grouped according to authorship and function:
  • 11. Organizational and functional types of corporate blogs Five different types grouped according to authorship and function: product blog
  • 12. Organizational and functional types of corporate blogs Five different types grouped according to authorship and function: product blog, image blog
  • 13. Organizational and functional types of corporate blogs Five different types grouped according to authorship and function: product blog, image blog , knowledge blog
  • 14. Organizational and functional types of corporate blogs Five different types grouped according to authorship and function: product blog, image blog , knowledge blog , strategy blog
  • 15. Organizational and functional types of corporate blogs Five different types grouped according to authorship and function: product blog, image blog , knowledge blog , strategy blog , multi-purpose blog
  • 16. Corporate blogging ethics? Robert Scoble's Corporate Weblog Manifesto (2003) http://scoble.weblogs.com/2003/02/26.html #1 Tell the truth #2 Post fast on good news or bad #3 Use a human voice #5 Have a thick skin #7 Talk to the grassroots first #8 If you screw up, acknowledge it #14 If you don't have the answers, say so code of conduct, “behavior beats bottom line”
  • 19. A communicative crisis? The Cluetrain Manifesto (1999) http://www.cluetrain.com/ #1 Markets are conversations. #2 Markets consist of human beings, not demographic sectors. #3 Conversations among human beings sound human. They are conducted in a human voice. #4 Whether delivering information, opinions, perspectives, dissenting arguments or humorous asides, the human voice is typically open, natural, uncontrived. #5 People recognize each other as such from the sound of this voice.
  • 20. A communicative crisis? The Cluetrain Manifesto (1999) http://www.cluetrain.com/ #1 Markets are conversations. #2 Markets consist of human beings, not demographic sectors. #3 Conversations among human beings sound human. They are conducted in a human voice. #4 Whether delivering information, opinions, perspectives, dissenting arguments or humorous asides, the human voice is typically open, natural, uncontrived. #5 People recognize each other as such from the sound of this voice.
  • 21. A communicative crisis? The Cluetrain Manifesto (1999) http://www.cluetrain.com/ #1 Markets are conversations. #2 Markets consist of human beings, not demographic sectors. #3 Conversations among human beings sound human. They are conducted in a human voice. #4 Whether delivering information, opinions, perspectives, dissenting arguments or humorous asides, the human voice is typically open, natural, uncontrived. #5 People recognize each other as such from the sound of this voice.
  • 22. A communicative crisis? The Cluetrain Manifesto (1999) http://www.cluetrain.com/ #1 Markets are conversations. #2 Markets consist of human beings, not demographic sectors. #3 Conversations among human beings sound human. They are conducted in a human voice. #4 Whether delivering information, opinions, perspectives, dissenting arguments or humorous asides, the human voice is typically open, natural, uncontrived. #5 People recognize each other as such from the sound of this voice.
  • 23. Communicating vs. Publishing spontaneous planned discursive monologic qualified constative publishing (written) interpersonal communication (spoken) transient persistent contextual non-contextual
  • 24. What's so special about blogs? blogs are the first truly personal publishing platform blogs combine the qualities of publishing (one-to-many, asynchronous, no feedback) and interpersonal communication (one-one, synchronous, feedback) they have “hard” technically conditioned conventions... segmentation of texts into posts title, date and author with each post reverse chronological order of items permalinks ... ... and “soft” communicative conventions first-person voice (“I think it is a good thing that X” vs. “It is a good thing that X”) meta-language (“I just wanted to blog about this”) interactional queues are usually literal (“What do you think?” means “Leave a comment!”) author and publisher are usually identical (“I” means “I, writer”, “I, publisher” and “I, blog owner”) ...
  • 25. Implications for corporate blogging people can communicate, companies can't the “corporate voice” is an invention press releases, advertisements etc either have no discernible referents or “simulate” conversations (“here at Company X, we are trying to make your life better”) this worked fine in mass media (no feedback), but fails in feedback media such as blogs Since companies can't communicate, how can they blog?
  • 26. Three strategic approaches: conforming , flouting or subverting conventions
  • 27. Strategy #1: Conforming author is discernible
  • 28. The trouble with conforming “Spokesperson syndrome”: any time an employee expresses a (personal) opinion it can be interpreted as the official standpoint of the company no more clear, carefully targeted messages individuals take the spotlight, companies get the limelight personal communicative goals can take priority over those of the company Useful if... a neutral, third-party view is needed to ease an image problem (Scoble) behavior beats bottom line
  • 29. Strategy #2: Flouting instead, use of the “ corporate we”
  • 30. The trouble with flouting risk of being accused of “not getting it” risk of being ignored what function does this realize?
  • 31. Strategy #3: Subverting there's an author... but he's fictional
  • 32. The trouble with subverting if you get caught you're in deep trouble (Wal-Mart flog incident) subverting is the strategy for pursuing covert goals problem A: you are cheating, problem B: that you are cheating suggests that you have a hidden agenda can you build real trust with fictional characters?
  • 34. Observations blogs are profoundly personal platforms of communication this means that organizations must individualize corporate relations if they want to utilize blogs this is associated with a number of risks traditional, control-based approaches to marketing and PR are least effective in the context of blogs, unless one resorts to flouting or subverting new approaches are hard to predict in their precise effect hard to replicate highly dependent on the individual bloggers expertise, sensitivity etc only effective in the long term
  • 36. Blogs or Flogs? Exploring and Exploiting Genre Conventions and Linguistic Practices in Corporate Web Logs Cornelius Puschmann University of Düsseldorf [email_address] Telematica Instituut 31 August 2007