Bodiversity and its values keshav
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India has high biodiversity due to its varied climate and ecosystems. It contains 7-8% of the world's recorded plant and animal species on only 2.4% of the world's land area. Biodiversity provides both direct and indirect values. Direct values include consumptive uses like food, fuel, and medicine as well as productive uses that provide timber, cotton, dyes, and rubber. Indirect values are ecosystem services like carbon fixation, pollination, water regulation, and erosion control. Maintaining biodiversity is important for both environmental and economic reasons.
Bodiversity and its values keshav
- 1. And its Values Keshav Narayan Pai MSc II DOS in Botany Manasagangotri Mysore
- 2. • Introduction • Biodiversity of India • Levels of biodiversity • Distribution of biodiversity • Values of biodiversity • Conclusion • References • Multiple choice questions. CONTENTS
- 3. Introduction • Bios-life, diversitas-variety or difference- variety of life. • Biological diversity refers to the variety and variability among living organisms and the ecological complexes in which they occur. • Biodiversity can be defined as species richness (plants, animals and micro- organisms) occuring as a interacting system in a given habitat.
- 4. Raymond F. Dasmann • The term biological diversity was used first by wildlife scientist and conservationist Raymond F. Dasmann • The term's contracted form biodiversity may have been coined by W.G. Rosen in 1985-Father of biodiversity.
- 5. • We are still profoundly ignorant of the number of species that live on our planet. • Roughly 1.75 million species have been formally described by science. • Estimated range - from 3 million to 100 million. Measuringbiodiversity
- 6. • Number of species on Earth-Still unsure – Some areas remain little explored (hydrothermal vents, rainforest canopies, tropical soils). – Many species are tiny and inconspicuous (microbes, roundworms, protists, fungi…). – Some species are very similar in appearance (many taxa, even trees, birds, whales). Measuring biodiversity
- 7. • India is known for its rich heritage of bio-diversity. • It is one of the 17 mega-diverse countries in the world. • With only 2.4% of the world’s area, India accounts 7- 8%of the Worlds recorded plants and animal species. • India’s ten biogeographic zones posses an exemplary diversity of ecological habitats like alpine forests, grass lands, wetlands, coastal and marine ecosystems and desert ecosystems. • India has 2 out of 34 global biodiversity hotspots, which is an indicator of high degree of endemism(of species) in India. Biodiversity of India
- 8. • About 5,150 plant species and 1,837 animal species are endemic to India. • India’s biodiversity includes wild relatives of agricultural crops and domesticated animals. • India has 16 major types and 251 subtypes of forests. • Indigenous medicine system utilizes nearly 6,500 native plants for both human and animal healthcare.
- 9. • Biodiversity performs a number of ecological services for humankind that have economic, aesthetic or recreational value. • The values of biodiversity can be classified in two broad categories, Direct use values Indirect use valves
- 10. Direct use Values • Direct use values Benefits are derived from nature and involve direct human interaction with natural elements. • Direct use value of biodiversity can be categorized as… Consumptive use value. Productive use value.
- 11. Consumption of Biodiversity products are called Consumptive use Food Fuel Medicines
- 12. FOOD
- 13. Fuel • Fire wood is a fuel • Coal and petroleum are the fossil fuels. • Gobar gas are obtained from cow dung.
- 14. Medicines
- 15. Another important category of medicinal uses is the Folk medicine. Our tribal and rural peoples have immense idea regarding use of large number of plants as source of remedy for large number of diseases. Their knowledge regarding this is called as “Ethnobotany”
- 16. Productive Use Value • Marketable items of biodiversity form the productive use value. • These products have become essential commodity of people.
- 17. Timber Cultivation of trees for the timber - silviculture
- 18. Cotton
- 19. Dyes
- 20. Perfumes
- 21. Rubber
- 22. Benefits to mankind • Industrial materials: – Paper – Fibers – Resins, gums – Perfumes – Adhesives – Dyes – Oils, waxes, rubber – Agricultural chemicals • Recreational harvesting: – Hunting – Fishing – Pets – Ornamental plants
- 23. • Indirectusevalue=services providedby biodiversity thatare notnormally given amarket value(oftenregardedasfree) • These are ennumeratedasfollows: • carbon fixation through photosynthesis. • Pollination,geneflow,etc. • Maintainingwatercycles, recharginggroundwater, protecting watersheds and bufferingfromextreme conditions such as protection from erosion. Indirect value
- 24. Social value • Social value of biodiversity refers to religious and cultural importance. • Trees are worshiped as God Eg: Banyan tree, peepal tree. • Flowers, Tulsi leaves are offered during poojas.
- 25. Aesthetic Valve • The use of plants and animals is beautifying the surrounding is said to be their Aesthetic Value. • Ornamental plants • Zoos and Museum • Parks • Beautiful birds in cabinet.
- 26. Conclusion
- 27. Hornbills
- 28. Reference • S.V.S Rana,Essentials of ecology and environmental science,fourth edition.2010.PHI learning private limited,New Delhi. Pp-202-222. • Kormondy.E.J, Concepts of Ecology, Fourth edition.2009. PHI Learning private limited, New Delhi. Pp-248 - 271. • www.nwf.org/Wildlife/WildlifeConservation/Biodiversity.aspx
- 29. MCQ 1.The term biodiversity was first coined by a. W.G. Rosen in 1985 b. Raymond F. Dasmann in 1988 c. Robert E. Jenkins in 1987 d. Bosselman in 1975 a. W.G. Rosen in 1985
- 30. 2.Number of Mega-diverse countries present in the world are a. 7 b. 17 c. 27 d. 37 Answer – b.17
- 31. • 3. No. of hotspots present in India are a. 6 b. 2 c. 5 d. 8 Ans:b. 2