bone tissue engineering
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Bones have important mechanical, synthetic, and metabolic functions in the body. Tissue engineering aims to induce new functional bone tissue through the use of scaffolds, growth factors, and cells. Strategies for bone tissue engineering generally involve a carrier scaffold and biologically active factors like cells and proteins. Materials used can include metals, ceramics, and natural or synthetic polymers. The goal is for the scaffold to deliver osteoinductive molecules and cells to fill bone defects and facilitate healing through new bone formation.
bone tissue engineering
- 1. TISSUE ENGINEERING FOR BONES REPLACMENT SUBMITTED TO:- SUBMITTED BY:- DR. GEETA SINGH SOMDUTT ASST. PROF. 14001007912 BIOMEDICAL DEPARTMENT BIOMEDICAL DEPARTMENT DCRUST MURTHAL DCRUST MURTHAL
- 2. INTRODUCTION A bone is a rigid organ that constitutes part of the vertebrate skeleton. Bones support and protect the various organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells, store minerals, provide structure and support for the body, and enable mobility. Bones come in a variety of shapes and sizes and have a complex internal and external structure. They are lightweight yet strong and hard, and serve multiple functions.
- 3. FUNCTIONS OF BONE MECHANICAL:- Bones serve a variety of mechanical functions. They provide a frame to keep the body supported, and an attachment point for skeletal muscles, tendons, ligaments and joints. SYNTHETIC:- The cancellous part of bones contain bone marrow. Bone marrow produces blood cells in a process called hematopoiesis.
- 4. METABOLIC:- -mineral storage -Growth factor -Fat storage -Acid base balance -Calcium balance Remodeling:- Bone is constantly being created and replaced in a process known as remodeling. This ongoing turnover of bone is a process of resumption followed by replacement of bone with little change in shape.
- 5. PARTS OF BONE EPIPHYSIS:- It is a part of bone where the new bone growth takes place DIAPHYSIS:- It is a primary center of bone. -Strongest part of bone. METAPHYSIS:- It is the wide portion of a long bone between the epiphysis and the diaphysis
- 6. BONE TISSUE ENGINEERING Bone tissue engineering (BTE) is based on the understanding of bone structure, bone mechanics, and tissue formation as it aims to induce new functional bone tissues. In other words, to successfully regenerate or repair bone, knowledge of the bone biology and its development is quite essential.
- 7. MATERIALS USED FOR BONE TISSUE ENGINEERING METALS- Example: stainless steel. Uses-total joint replacement, plates. CERAMICS-Example: synthetic( polylactide-co-galactide ) Natural(chitosan, gelatin) Uses-bone extender, scaffold, drug delivery.
- 8. STRATEGIES FOR BONE TISSUE ENGINEERING In general tissue engineering implants are constructed of a carrier(scaffold) and biologically active factors. These biological factors can be (a combination of ) cell and proteins that stimulates host cell. Therefore, the ingredient for bone tissue engineering can basically be divided into scaffold, growth factor and cells. SCAFFOLD-Delivery vehicle for osteoinductive molecules and osteogenic cells. Fill the gap in bone defects and facilitate healing. GROWTH FACTOR-Signaling molecules that can influences certain cellular function through their binding to specific cell membrane receptors. Stimulation of bone formation and fracture healing.
- 9. BONE GRAFT GRAFTING-Grafting is a procedure used to replace/restore missing or gum tissue. BONE GRAFT-Bone grafts are the material used for replacement or augmentation of the bone. BIOLOGICAL CONCEPTS OF USING BONE GRAFT- Contain bone forming cell. Serve as scaffold for bone formation. Matrix of bone grafting material contain bone inductive substance (osteoinduction).
- 10. OSTIOINDUCTION Formation of bone by osteoblasts from the margins of defects at the bone graft material. Cell mediators at the defect Stimulation of osteoprogenit or cells Osteoblast New Bone formation
- 11. PROPERTIES
- 12. BONE REGENRATION Two types of cells are active in the work of bone generation: -Osteoblasts -Osteoclasts These cells keep busy by creating new bone material little by little, day after day. WHY DO BONE REGENRATE ? -Bones continue to regenerate long after we reach our full height. Even when we become adults, bones continue to regenerate every three years. There are two reasons for this phenomenon. --First, bones supply tissues throughout our bodies with calcium, serving a vital role in keeping us alive and healthy.
- 13. -Bones function as storehouse for calcium, providing our bodies with calcium whenever there is a shortage and storing calcium when there is a surplus. In short, bones are constantly regenerated through the constant release and storage of calcium. --Second, bones regenerate to replace old bones. Even strong bones lose their resilience and become fragile as they grow old. Regeneration ensures that bones remain strong and flexible. OSTEOBLAST-osteoblast are the cell that build bones. OSTEOCLAST-osteoclast are cell that dissolve bone.
- 14. FORMING NEW BONE
- 15. THANK YOU