Boundaries & contents of Axilla
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The axilla is the pyramid-shaped space between the upper arm and chest wall. It has an apex, base, and four walls. The contents of the axilla include the axillary artery and vein, brachial plexus nerves, lymph nodes, fat and connective tissue. The brachial plexus is a network of nerves that provides motor and sensory innervation to the upper limb. Injuries to specific nerves in the brachial plexus can result in characteristic paralysis patterns, such as Erb's palsy which affects movement of the shoulder and arm.
Boundaries & contents of Axilla
- 1. Boundaries & Contents of Axilla Dr. Prabhakar Yadav Associate Professor Department of Human Anatomy B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences
- 2. Axilla: Pyramid space between upper part of arm & chest wall Apex, Base; Anterior, Posterior,Medial & Lateral walls Apex (cervico-axillary canal): Boundary:
- 5. Base: Skin, superficial & axillary fasciae
- 7. Anterior wall: Pectoralis Major, clavipectoral fascia enclosing subclavius & pectoralis Minor
- 9. Medial Wall:
- 10. Lateral wall:
- 11. Contents: • Axillary artery & its Branches • Axillary vein & its tributires • Infra clavicular part of of Brachial plexus • Axillary lymph nodes & associated lymphatics • Long thoracic & intercostobrachial nerves • Axillary tail of breast • Axillary fat & areolar tissue ( fibrofatty tissue)
- 18. prefixed brachial plexus: contribution from C4 is large and that from T2 is absent. postfixed brachial plexus: contribution from T2 is large and that from C4 is absent.
- 20. Relation of brachial plexus with axillary artery
- 21. Relation of branches of brachial plexus with axillary vien
- 22. Branches of axillary artery: SALSA P
- 41. Erb’s Paralysis
- 42. Muscle paralysed : Deltoid, supraspinatus,infraspinatus, teres minor , biceps brachii,brachalis,brachioradialis & supinator
- 43. Adduction of arm due to paralysis deltoid muscle. – Medial rotation of arm due to paralysis supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor muscles. – Extension of elbow, due to paralysis of biceps brachii. – Pronation of forearm due to paralysis of bicepsbrachii. – Loss of sensation over small area over lower part of deltoid
- 45. Claw hand: due to paralysis of the flexors of the wrist & fingers (C6, C7, and C8), and all intrinsic muscles of hand (C8 & T1). Cutaneous anaesthesia & anaglagesi alog ulnar border of forearm & hand.
- 46. Horner’s syndrome : partial ptosis,miosis, anhydrosis, enophthalmos & loss of ciliospinal reflex due to involvement of sympathetic fibres supplying head and neck, which leave the spinal cord through T1. Vasomotor changes: Tropic changes:
- 47. Injury to nerve to serratus anaterior
- 48. Disability: Loss of pushing & puncing action Arm cann’t be raised beyod 90 degree
- 51. Thank You