The document provides instructions for constructing a box and whisker plot by labeling the fingers on a drawn hand with the key elements: lower extreme, first quartile, median, third quartile, and upper extreme. It then defines and provides examples for calculating each of these elements from a data set: the lower extreme is the minimum value, the first quartile is the median of values below the overall median, the median is the middle value, the third quartile is the median of values above the overall median, and the upper extreme is the maximum value.