Brackets in ortho final

• A bracket is a device that projects horizontally to provide
support.
• Orthodontic brackets bonded/banded to enamel acts like an
handle which provides the means to transfer the force
applied by the activated arch-wire to the tooth.
• The term is used only when referring to those devices that
are open in one side -vertical or horizontal
• The term bracket came to be in use in orthodontics when
Dr. Angle introduced the ribbon arch appliance
www.indiandentalacademy.co
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Dr NIPUN T JOHN
2nd
MDS
Meenakshi Ammal Dental College
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EVOLUTION OF BRACKETSEVOLUTION OF BRACKETS
Bandelette plates-by Pierre Fauchard..
They are crude metal plates that were
ligated to the teeth with brass or silver
ligature wire.
• In the late 1900’s, found out if a rigid
framework is tied to teeth, the arch
could be expanded as dictated by the
appliance
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THE E-ARCH APPLIANCETHE E-ARCH APPLIANCE (1900)(1900)
The first fixed appliance designed byThe first fixed appliance designed by
AngleAngle
Used for tipping teeth into new alignedUsed for tipping teeth into new aligned
positionposition
Used stationary anchorageUsed stationary anchorage
Expanded the arch-traction screwExpanded the arch-traction screw
No individual tooth controlNo individual tooth control
possiblepossible
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PIN AND TUBE APPLIANCEPIN AND TUBE APPLIANCE (1910)(1910)
E.H.ANGLEE.H.ANGLE
• Most of the teeth were
banded .
• Vertical tubes were
soldered to the bands
with their long axis
parallel to the long axis
of the crown.
• Rotational movements
were difficult to obtain .
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RIBBON ARCH APPLIANCERIBBON ARCH APPLIANCE (1915)(1915)
• The first bracket devised
in 1915 by angle
• Big step in evolution of brackets
• Rotational movements
• Bucco-lingual and inciso-gingival movements
 Distal Tipping Of Buccal Segment not possible
 Mesiodistal axial movement not possible
 Arch wire did’nt provide stabilization
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• Final bracket design by angle Based on his “Line
of occlusion” concept
• Bracket with rectangular slot
• 0.022”x0.028”
• Orientation of wire at 90
◦
along the edge of the
rectangular wire, horizontally. Hence the name.
• Movement in all 3 planes of space
• Twist and torque has to be shaped in the
archform
• Disadvantages- time consuming
» Artificial smile
EDGEWISE APPLIANCE(1925)
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Tweed-Merrifield edgewise applianceTweed-Merrifield edgewise appliance
• Neutral 0.022” edgewise slot.
• Double width brackets on anteriors
• Intermediate single/double width brackets
on premolars
• Heavy edgewise 0.022” tubes on molars
• To correct rotations
– Lingual hooks on molars
– Lingual cleats on premolars
• Brackets & tubes are placed 90o
to long
axis of teeth.
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Straight-wire applianceStraight-wire appliance (ormco)(ormco)
Lawrence F Andrews- mid 1970’sLawrence F Andrews- mid 1970’s
• No sophisticated wire bending
• Less chair-side time.
• But results were disappointing-
• Due to heavy forces.
• Canines tip into extraction spaces.
• In late 1970’s –
– Extraction or translation series.
– Increased torque to the incisor brackets.
– Anti-tip and antirotation other brackets.
• Disadvantages
Undesirable force vectors
Inbuilt Overcorrection is not required when using
light forces
Increased need for band & bracket inventory
r
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• Roth -1975 Roth ovation series.
• Wick Alexander- 1978, “Vari-
Simplex” prescription
• Mc Laughlin, Bennett and Trevisi -3rd
generation PEA brackets-MBT series.
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BRACKETBRACKET
Wings-tie wings and wings for rotational
control.
Base-which is attached to
the tooth surface.
Stem-base and lingual half of the slot.
Slot-space for archwire and
for auxillaries
horizontal and vertical
Hook ,power arm for engagement of elastics.
Identification system –distogingival raised dot
or numerical system.
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What is in-out?What is in-out?
• A horizontal change relative to the line of
occlusion( first order movements)
• Facio-lingual relationship of the crown to
line of occlusion
• ie, the labial surface of the crown can be
placed labially or lingually.
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What is tip?What is tip?
+ve tip-mesial crown movement
Distal root movement
The mesiodistal or facio-lingual angle of
the long axis of a tooth when measured to a
line perpendicular to the occlusal plane.
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What is torque?What is torque?
Torque is defined as relation of crown and
root inclination perpendicular to the line of
occlusion. G&V
Torsional or inclination changes or third
order movements- angle
+ve torque-labial crown movement
palatal root movement
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Torque in base v/s. Torque in faceTorque in base v/s. Torque in face
JCO 1991 ALBERT H. OWENJCO 1991 ALBERT H. OWEN
Straight-Wire Appliance bracket slots
are at same height from anterior to
posterior (dashed line = center of
clinical crown).
Edgewise bracket slots are not
coordinated with bases, and therefore
must be placed at different heights to
line up slots.
TORQUE IN FACE
TORQUE IN BASE
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Bracket baseBracket base
Ovation seriesVictory series
micro etched
to increase
retention
Powdered coated
Laser structured
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Sintered base
etched base
Single mould bracket
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Allure
Ceramaflex
Intrigue
Transcend
Dyna-Bond
Ceramic bracket bases
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BRACKET TYPESBRACKET TYPES
WIDTH AND SIZE
TYPE OF ROTATION CONTROL WINGS
MODE OF LIGATION
BRACKET MATERIALS
BRACKETS FOR SPECIAL TECHNIQUES.
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Width of the bracketWidth of the bracket
• Single brackets-narrow width/single
brackets and wide width posterior
brackets.
• Twin brackets [dual, double or siamese brackets]-
mini twin, intermediate twin, standard
twin, extra wide twin.
• Triple brackets.
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Single width bracketsSingle width brackets
• These were angle’s original edgewise bracket
design
• Bracket width was 0.050”
• Rotational movements were difficult
• To overcome this limitation angle soldered
eyelets onto bands
• These eyelets were tied with ligatures to allow
rotation
– Repeated adjustment of ligatures
– Relapse if ties not continued
• Increases interbracket span.
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TWIN BRACKETSTWIN BRACKETS
Siamese twin brackets”- swainSiamese twin brackets”- swain
2 brackets on a common base2 brackets on a common base
distance between the 2 bracketsdistance between the 2 brackets
-0.050”-0.050”
Excellent rotational control.Excellent rotational control.
Positive control on the tooth with mesio distalPositive control on the tooth with mesio distal
inclination.inclination.
Prevents rotation of unrotated tooth during retraction.Prevents rotation of unrotated tooth during retraction.
Decreased interbracket span-thus decrease resiliency ofDecreased interbracket span-thus decrease resiliency of
the wire.the wire.
Difficulty in closing loops and 2nd order bends,Difficulty in closing loops and 2nd order bends,
Difficulty in obtaining final 10% of desired rotationDifficulty in obtaining final 10% of desired rotation
correction.correction. www.indiandentalacademy.co
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Rotational control wingsRotational control wings
• They are added to the edgewise brackets to
maintain the single width ,they offer a lever arm
to deflect the arch wire and rotate the teeth.
• desired tooth rotation is obtained .
• its also possible to overcorrect the tooth position
by bending the rigid wings.
• slight errors made in placement of bracket on
teeth can be corrected by selective bending of
wings
• Rotational control wings
• Flat wings
• Upset wings
• Curved wings
• Rigid or flexible wings
• Long or short wings.
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• Lewis rotation bracket is a overpiece
bracket with integral rotation wings,it is
rigid and have flat upset wings and or
curved wings.
• Lang brackets have flat rotational
control wings.
• Steiner brackets have flexible rotational
arms so it does not entirely rely on the
resiliency of archwire for rotation
correction. www.indiandentalacademy.co
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LigationLigation
Stainless steel Elastomeric
Conventional ligating brackets
Active passive
Self ligating brackets
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BASED ON MATERIALSBASED ON MATERIALS
• A) METAL BRACKETS
• 1) Stainless steel brackets
• 2) Gold-coated brackets
• 3) Platinum-coated brackets
• 4) Titanium brackets
• B) PLASTIC BRACKETS
• 1) Polycarbonate brackets
• 2) Polyurethane-composite brackets
• 3) Thermoplastic-polyurethane brackets
• C) CERAMIC BRACKETS
• 1) Monocrystalline alumina
• 2) Polycrystalline alumina
• 3) Polycrystalline Zirconia
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TITANIUM BRACKETSTITANIUM BRACKETSGOLD-COATED BRACKETSGOLD-COATED BRACKETS
STAINLESS STEEL BRACKETSSTAINLESS STEEL BRACKETS PLATINUM COATED BRACKETS
Austenitic
AISI 303, 304, 316, and 317
•24 karat gold plating
• plated with 300 micro
inches of gold
•esthetic
3M UNITEK)
(AMERICAN ORTHODONTICS
ORMCO
Five times the abrasion
resistance of gold.
A smoother, harder surface
than stainless steel
For reduced friction and
improved sliding mechanics
is achieved.
Corrosion resistant
Low thermal conductivity
Increased retention –rough
surface
Single piece- no soldering joints-
nickel free
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NICKEL-FREE BRACKETSNICKEL-FREE BRACKETS
• Made of Cobalt chromium
(CoCr) dental alloy
• One-piece construction
(without solder) by metal
injection molding
technique
• Used in nickel sensitive
patients
• Laser structured bracket
base for retention
Nu Edge nickel free
TP ortho
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PLASTIC BRACKETSPLASTIC BRACKETS
Cohen and Silverman (IPB brackets)
manufactured by GAC in 1963.
The first plastic brackets
were manufactured from
unfilled polycarbonate and
esthetics was its main
advantage.
Pure plastic brackets lack
strength to resist distortion
and breakage, wire slot
wear, uptake of water,
discoloration and the need
for compatible resins.www.indiandentalacademy.co
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DISADVANTAGES OF POLYCARBONATE BRACKETS
 Polycarbonate brackets undergo creep deformation when
transferring torque loads generated by arch wires to teeth.
 Discoloration of first generation unfilled polycarbonate
brackets during clinical aging.
 They absorb water to a slight extent and tend to weaken in
the course of about one year.
Various reinforced polycarbonate brackets were,
•Polymer fiber reinforced
•Fiberglass reinforced
•Ceramic reinforced
•Metal slot reinforced
•Metal slot and ceramic reinforced
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some commercially available plastic
brackets….
Polycarbonate-Composite
•DB fibre
•Elan
Polyurethane-Composite
- Envision
Thermoplastic-polyurethane
Value Line
POLYCARBONATE BRACKETS
ElationTM
(GAC)
Polycarbonate-glass fibers
•Aesthetic Line
•Image
FIBER-REINFORCED POLYCARBONATE
BRACKETS
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CERAMIC BRACKETSCERAMIC BRACKETS
TYPES OF CERAMIC BRACKETS
• Monocrystalline (Sapphire)
• Polycrystalline Alumina
• Polycrystalline Zirconia-Yttrium oxide
• Partially Stabilised Zirconia
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MONOCRYSTALLINE CERAMIC BRACKETMONOCRYSTALLINE CERAMIC BRACKET
Inspire Starfire
POLYCRYSTALLINE ALUMINA CERAMIC BRACKETS
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Metal-Reinforced Ceramic BracketsMetal-Reinforced Ceramic Brackets
Clarity™
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Brackets for special purposesBrackets for special purposes
Lewis and Lang brackets for
Vari-simplex discipline
Bracket for
bio-progressive therapy
Broussard brackets by Garford Broussard used in
the Broussard technique is also a combination bracket .
its a modification of edgewise with a 0.0185”x0.046”
vertical slot to accept a double 0.018” auxiliary wire.
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• PRE-ADJUSTED EDGEWISE BRACKETS
• TIPEDGE
• CERAMIC BRACKETS
• LINGUAL BRACKETS
• SELF LIGATING BRACKETS
So where are we now?????
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ROTHROTH
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• Roth started Rx with andrew’s bracket and
altering the values and bracket positions.
• Bracket identification marks.
– Dot - disto-gingival wing of upper.
– Dash- disto-gingival wing of lower.
– Groove - second bicuspid.
• Auxiliary attachments were added to the
brackets, such as….
– double and triple tubes for headgears, lip bumpers and
rectangular auxiliary tubes for Burstone or
Bioprogressive mechanics.
– Additional hooks on each bracket evolved for the use of
short Class II or Class III elastics.
ROTH (ovation brackets) (1975)ROTH (ovation brackets) (1975)
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Overcorrection in rothOvercorrection in roth
TORQUE
central lateral canine 1st
PM 2nd
PM 1st
M 2nd
M
SW Upper
7 3 -7 -7 -7 -9 -9
ROTH Upper
12 8 -2 -7 -7 -14 -14
ROTH Lower
-1 -1 -11 -17 -22 -30 -30
SW lower
-1 -1 -11 -17 -22 -30 -35
There is a "Super Torque" set of maxillary anteriors
For cases like Class II, division 2, where an extreme
amount of torque may be needed.
SUPER
TORQUE
PM 2nd
PM 1st
M 2nd
M
tip
5 9 9 2 0 0 0
torque
17 10 3 -7 -7 -14 -14
rotation
0 0 4M 2D 2D 0 0
NOT MUCH OVER CORRECTION IN LOWER
TO AVOID CUSPAL INTERFERENCE
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TIP
PM 2nd
PM 1st
M 2nd
M
SW Upper
5 9 11 0/2 0/2 5 5
ROTH Upper
5 9 13 0 0 0 0
ROTH Lower
2/0 2/0 7 -1 -1 -1 -1
SW lower
2 2 5 2 2 2 2
ROTATION
PM 2nd
PM 1st
M 2nd
M
ROTH Upper
0 0 4 2 2 14 14
ROTH Lower
0 0 2 4 4 4 4
The upper buccal segments are distally uprighted to 0The upper buccal segments are distally uprighted to 0
lower segments has given an 3*additional distal tiplower segments has given an 3*additional distal tip
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This system evolved around five factors
related to brackets
bracket selection
bracket height
bracket angulation
bracket torque
bracket in-out
The Vari-Simplex Discipline
JCO 1983 JUN R.G. ALEXANDER
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bracket selection
LANG BRACKETS
LEWIS BRACKETS
CONVERATBLE SHEATH
OCCLUSALLY PLACED HEADGEAR TUBE
bracket height
BRACKET HEIGHT
Maxillary Arch
Centrals X
Laterals X – 0.5mm
Cuspids X + 0.5mm
Bicuspids X
1st Molars X – 0.5mm
2nd Molars X – 1.0mm
Mandibular Arch
Centrals X – 0.5mm
Laterals X – 0.5mm
Cuspids X + 0.5mm
Bicuspids X
1st Molars X – 0.5mm
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BRACKET ANGULATIONS
Maxillary Arch
Centrals 5°
Laterals 8°
Cuspids 10°
Bicuspids and
Molars 0°
Mandibular Arch
Centrals 2°
Laterals 2°
Cuspids 6°
Bicuspids 0°
1st Molars – 6°
2nd Molars 0°
BRACKET TORQUES
Maxillary Arch
Centrals 14°
Laterals 7°
Cuspids –3°
Bicuspids – 7°
Molars – 10°
Mandibular Arch
Incisors – 5°
Cuspids – 7°
1st Bicuspids – 11°
2nd Bicuspids – 17°
1st Molars – 22°
2nd Molars 0° or – 27°
bracket angulation bracket torque
BRACKET IN-OUT
Maxillary Arch
IST MOLAR +15
SECOND MOLAR +12
Mandibular Arch
IST MOLAR +5
SECOND MOLAR +6
bracket in-out
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• Mc LAUGHLIN & BENNET 1975-1993
– Used SWA brackets with sliding mechanics and brackets
positioned at centre of the crown.
– Only one arch form- ovoid
• 1993-97 with TREVESI
– redesigned the bracket to MBT
TM
– Dots and dashes changed into laser numbering
– Rectangular shape replaced by rhomboidal shape.
– Revised bracket positioning to improve vertical accuracy.
– Brackets available in
– standard metal –when control is required
– midsized –small sized teeth, poor oral hygiene
– Clear (ClarityTM
)- older patients
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• 1997-2001- new range of MBT
TM
Versatile+
brackets
• Brackets positioned with gauges
• 3 arch-forms
• Updated Light force and sliding mechanics.
• MBT bracket is recommended as a modern version
of PEA bracket for use with continuous forces,
lace backs and bend backs.
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MBT-Bracket designMBT-Bracket design
• Laser numbering
• Rhomboidal shape-reduces bulk
– Allows reference lines in both horizontal and vertical
planes-accurate bracket positioning.
• Milled in CAD-CAM-Torque in base.
– In mid sized brackets-combi-torque in base and face
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In outIn out
• In –out of MBT is expressed well –
arch-wire fits snugly in the slot.
• 2nd
PM bracket-0.5mm thicker for
small teeth
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TipTip
TIP
PM 2nd
PM 1st
M 2nd
M
SW Upper
5 9 11 2 2 5 5
MBT Upper
4 8 8 0 0 0 0
MBT Lower
0 0 3 2 2 0 0
SW lower
2 2 5 2 2 2 2
MOLARS
When a 0o
tube is place
parallel to upper 1st
molar
buccal cusp will create an
5
o
tip on the teeth.
0.019X0.025” wire –tip is almost fully expressed.
Canine bracket-70
out of 80
is expressed in a 0.019X0.025” wire
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TorqueTorque
• Torque is not effectively expressed
– Small area of torque expression.
– 19x25 wire on 0.022 slot- 10o
play
– Radiusing of the wire
• So extra torque is build up on the bracket
-reduces the amount of wire bending at later
stages
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TORQUE
PM 2nd
PM 1st
M 2nd
M
SW Upper
7 3 -7 -7 -7 -9 -9
MBT Upper
17 10 -7
0
+7
-7 -7 -14 -14
MBT Lower
-6 -6 -6
0
+6
-12 -17 -20 -10
SW lower
-1 -1 -11 -17 -22 -30 -35
INCISOR TORQUE
Upper-Palatal root torque
Lower-labial root torque
Indicated in
Class II cases with class II elastics
Class I cases where torque helps correct anterior tooth fit
Calss III-where correct torque compensted for class III bases
CANINE
-7 is satisfactory to keep the canine roots in a prominent position
canine roots by remodelling in cancellous bone offers less resistance during retraction.
+7 and o –prominent canine roots or narrow maxillary bone
UPPER POSTERIORS
Premolars- continued with same
Molars- increased lingual crown torque-
reduces palatal cusp interferences
10* offset in -1st
and 2nd
molar tube
LOWER POSTERIORS
Reduced torque in posteriors to avoid lingual rolling
In premolars by 5 degree
In 1st
molar by 10 degree
In 2nd
molar by 25 degree
No offset
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Versatility of MBTVersatility of MBTTMTM
Versatile+Versatile+
1. Palataly placed upper lateral incisor torque
option -10o
.
2. 3 torque option for upper canine.
3. 3 torque option for lower canine.
4. Inter-changable lower incisor brackets.
5. Inter-changable upper PM brackets.
6. Use of upper 2M tubes on 1M non HG cases.
7. Use of lower 2M bracket on opposite side 1M
when finishing on class II.
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Additional benefitsAdditional benefits
• Thicker brackets for small premolars
• Self ligating second molar tubes
• Lower 1st
molar non convertible tubes
• Lower 1st
molar double tube and
upper 1st
molar triple tube.
• Bondable 2nd
molar mini tubes
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Uni-Twin™ BracketsUni-Twin™ Brackets
• Interbracket span of a single bracket with the rotation control
of a twin bracket.
• The Uni-Twin system is a twin bracket frame with a centered,
single bracket archwire slot. Together, these features of the
Uni-Twin brackets provide approximately 50% more
interbracket distance than ordinary twin brackets. This enables
to start patients in larger archwires and then progress to full-
sized archwire faster, increasing patient comfort.
• The innovative mesh bonding base is designed to match precisely
to the curvature of the tooth for maximum contact and strong,
consistent bonding.
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Low profile
Uni twin design
Smooth and contured
labial surface
Tooth shaped design
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TRIANGULAR BIOEFFICIENTTRIANGULAR BIOEFFICIENT
BRACKETSBRACKETS
• The large inter-bracket distance between the
slots of the triangular brackets allows
engagement of super-elastic square wire from
the onset of treatment. The arch-wire slot is
elevated so that the wire, once inserted, will
come in contact with the side elbow extension in
misaligned teeth and start uprighting the root
from the beginning of treatment.
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• The single slot (X-1) bracket allows for a
large inter-slot distance for the maximum
arch wire flexibility during it's insertion.
The arch-wire slot is elevated so that the
wire may come in contact with the side
elbow extension only during movement,
thus allowing the bracket slot to become a
wide twin slot (X-2), to upright the root
from the beginning of treatment. Hence,
the bracket is a single and twin bracket
that allows the clinician to move teeth in
one stage (crown and root) with only one
wire, in about a year.
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The Crown SystemThe Crown System
 low profile - maximum
patient comfort.
 all four sides of the Crown
Bracket’s base can be
used to position the
bracket.
 increases accuracy in
aligning and positioning
brackets
 reduces chair-side time
 one-piece construction.
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BUTTERFLY SYSTEMBUTTERFLY SYSTEM
HYBRID 3RD
GENERATION BRACKETBOWMAN AND CARANO JCO MAY 2004
Reduced profile
Miniature twin wing design
Rounded tie wings
No standard hooks
Versatile vertical slot
Progressive posterior torque
Reversible 2ND
premolar brackets
Progressive mandibular anterior
tip
Angulated first molar attachment
Conservative anterior torque
Improvement in overjet
Bonding pad enhancement
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VERSATILE VERTICAL SLOT
• ELIMINATES BALL HOOKS
• SIMPLE HOOK PIN OR A ‘T’ PIN
• VERTICAL SLING TIES
• U TURN ROTATION SPRING
• COMPLIANCE SPRING
• BEGG UPRIGHTING SPRING
• POWER ARM
PROGRESSIVE POSTERIOR
TORQUE
• OVERCOMES THE LINGUAL ROLLING EFFECT OF LOWER
MOLARS AND BUCCAL CROWN TORQUE OF UPPER
MOLARS RESULTS IN BAD INTERCUSPATION
• BUTTERFLY- UPPER-INCREASED TORQUE -14*
• LOWER- DECREASED TORQUE -10*
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• REVEREBILE SECOND PREMOLAR BRACKET
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• PROGRESSIVE MANDIBULAR ANTERIOR
TIP
• ANGULATED FIRST MOLAR ATTACHMENTS
• -6o
TIP IS PLACED IN MOLAR TUBE ATTACHMENTS
• When the bands are fitted evenly in mesial and distal
marginal ridges, the bracket slots will be level.
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• PREVENTIVE MANDIBULAR ANTERIOR TORQUE
– LINGUAL CROWN TORQUE -5 / -10*
– PREVENTS ANTEIOR FLARING WITH USE OF CLASS II
ELASTICS OR HERBST APPLIANCE.
• BONDING PAD ENHANCEMENT - PHOTOETCHED
POCKETS
– OPTIONAL OFFSET BASES IN THE PREMOLAR BRACKET
BASES
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TORQUE TIP ROTATION
MAXILLARY
CI +14 +5
LI +8 +9
C 0 +9
1 PM -7 0
2PM -8 +3
MANDIBULAR
CI -5 / -10 +2
LI -5 /-10 +5
C -3 +6 3 DO
1 PM -7 0
2PM -9 +3www.indiandentalacademy.co
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Bracket with variable ligationBracket with variable ligation
JCO 1995JCO 1995
rounded slot wall- low arch wire binding
variable ligation
reduced friction-when module placed in
center wing
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Friction free bracketsFriction free brackets
Development of Friction-Free Edgewise bracket,Development of Friction-Free Edgewise bracket,
Jap. Orthod. Soc. 51:298, 1992Jap. Orthod. Soc. 51:298, 1992..
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Boyd bracket 1933
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• minimizes the normal forces caused by ligation
decreases the resistance to sliding
• Minimizes chair side time.
• Precise control of tooth translation.
• Greater interbracket span of archwire available
without binding of ligature wires and elastics.
• Hygienic, wingless, easy to clean.
• Esthetic and comfortable to patient.
• Ligation stability retains original form throughout
treatment.
• Some self ligating bracket designs permit significant
miniaturization of bracket size.
Advantages……
.
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Active vs. Passive BracketsActive vs. Passive Brackets
- action of the locking slide or clip on the wire
• Active-SPEED, Sigma, and Time brackets
• Passive-Damon SL, EdgeLok, and Wildman TwinLock
• The aim of active ligation is to seat the arch wire
against the back of the bracket slot for rotation and
torque control.
• When the slide is closed, the lumen of the slot is full-
size
• Rotations are expressed by using high-tech flexible
wires to nearly fill the slot in a labiolingual direction
• In active self-ligation, the energy to control
rotations is primarily derived from the clip; in
passive self-ligation, the energy is stored and
expressed in the high-tech wires.
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SPEED SYSTEMSPEED SYSTEM
HanSon 1975HanSon 1975
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SPEED SYSTEMSPEED SYSTEM Hanson1975Hanson1975
This system is designed to facilitate arch
wire changes and to permit the application
of corrective forces with greater precision
relative to clinical effort.
Spring-loaded
P Precision
Edgewise
Energy
Delivery
Jeffrey L. Berger, 1994 march Am J Owww.indiandentalacademy.co
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componentscomponents
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Bracket bodyBracket body
• Narrow, single bracket body
• Mushroom-shaped hook that projects from the distogingival of
each bracket body.
• Multislotted in design (3 slots)
• A pretorqued arch wire slot, 0.018 x 0.025 inch or 0.022 x
0.028 inch
• An auxiliary slot, 0.016” square for preformed hooks for use
with elastics Alternatively, a ligature tie or elastomeric thread
may be fed through the auxiliary slot and then tied to the arch
wire. For lingually displaced teeth, this approach tends to
minimize overstressing of the arch wire or periodontium.
• A spring retainer slot. to house the recurved tip of the spring
clip.
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• Roll-shaped, flexible, highly resilient spring clip.
• opens and closes in a vertical manner to permit arch wire
removal and insertion
• Its shape eliminates any possibility of accidental arch wire
release through the incorporation of a recurved tip.
• This escape-proof spring design also readily permits the
engagement and retention of elastic thread or steel ligature
ties. This feature is particularly useful in situations where a
tooth is greatly displaced from the arch and arch wire
engagement would result in the permanent deformation of
the arch wire or exceed the bond strength of the
attachment .
The spring clipThe spring clip
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This highly resilient spring clip is primarily
responsible for controlling tooth movement in all
three planes of space through rotation, tip, and
torque. Its unique method of delivery ensures a
more continuous delivery of force, as well as a
reduced level of frictional drag.
• If the spring is damaged it can be replaced with a
micro utility plier.www.indiandentalacademy.co
m

• THE IN-OUT ADAPTOR
SPEED adaptor features both an angular and a
translational dimension. This unique characteristic
ensures the creation of an exceptionally smooth arch
form that is achieved through a progressive “ ramp-
like” effect of the in-out adaptors
• THE MESH PAD
• a foil mesh with complex asymmetric curvatures.
• the recent change in size of the brazed foil mesh from
a fine 100 gauge to a more coarse 60 gauge has
further enhanced the bond strength of the SPEED
attachment.
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Opening and closingOpening and closing
• Opening with a sickle scaler or SPEED opening instrument.
• The instrument tip is centrally positioned on the gingival
aspect of the bracket against the indent in the spring clip. A
light force of approximately 300 gm applied in an occlusal
direction will displace the spring clip into its "slot open"
resting position.
• Closure of the SPEED appliance is achieved simply by
applying a gingivally directed force to the spring clip with a
gloved finger or thumb. A fine ligature directory should be
used to simultaneously seat the arch wire while the closure
force is applied.
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1998 NOV JCO1998 NOV JCO
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Passive Low friction self-ligating twin
bracket
• The Damon bracket was designed to
satisfy the following major criteria:
• Andrews Straight-Wire Appliance concept
• Twin configuration
• Slide forming a complete tube
• Passive slide on outside face of bracket
• Brackets opening inferiorly in both arches
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Damon 2
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 greater control.
 Improves patient comfort
 Shortens treatment time for most cases.
 Aligns teeth faster.
 Saves time with sliding mechanics.
 Requires less time for finishing.
 Shortens chair side time for each visit.
 Expands treatment planning options.
 Simplifies treatment mechanics.
 Makes it easier to keep appliances clean.
 Improves practice efficiency and profitability.
advantages
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• Stainless steel 17-4 metal-injection molded (MIM)
construction for exceptional strength and durability
• Four solid walls for fast, low-friction tooth movement
and superior control
• Remarkably easy-to-use slide mechanism with deep
funnel and backstop for quick wire changes
• Smooth slot corners for reduced binding
• Vertical slot for removable drop-in hooks and other
auxiliaries
• Contoured base design and Optimesh® pads for optimal bond
retention
• Ultra-smooth contours and rounded edges for maximum
patient comfort
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Frictional Resistance of the Damon SLFrictional Resistance of the Damon SL
BracketBracket JCO august 1998JCO august 1998
Results- self-ligating brackets not only make arch-wire placement more
convenient and secure, but also have lower kinetic frictional forces
than conventional brackets. These features can be substantial
advantages for orthodontists who use sliding mechanics.
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THE EDGELOK BRACKET
Dr. Alexander J. Wildman
JCO 1998
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 Edgelok is a slot surrounded on four sides by
contoured metal surfaces.
 Smooth, round, button shaped surface- patient
comfort
 The absence of ties is an obvious additional
benefit.
 Low profile. Edgelok's button shape allows it to
be large where needed for strength, but small in
the critical areas. The occlusal boss can be
reduced as much as necessary to accommodate
the occlusion.
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Auxillary slot-0.014”-used to
thread elastic thread instead
of “figure eighting”
Complete control in all planes of space.
Ligature ties can be tied into saddle horn
-severely malpostioned teeth
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BRACKET OPENING AND CLOSING TOOLSBRACKET OPENING AND CLOSING TOOLS
• There is a special tool for
opening the Edgelok bracket
and another for holding the
wire in the slot and closing the
lock.
• A scaler or ligature cutter can
be used to open the bracket
and a utility plier can close it.
m


The wire is retained by a resilient clip that
rotates into a retaining groove gingival to
the arch wire, positioning two straps labial
to the wire and creating a bracket that is
very similar mechanically to a molar tube
with twin channel caps.
 Vertical slots behind the arch wire channel.
 Brackets for the anterior teeth have gingival
and occlusal tabs to assist orientation
relative to the facial axis of the clinical
crown.
 The brackets are also available pre-welded
to bands.
ACTIVA BRACKETS
Irwin Pletcher 1986
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advantages
• 1. Low friction between bracket and arch wire.
• 2. More certain full arch wire engagement.
• 3. Less chair-side assistance.
• 4. A vertical slot for hooks and auxiliaries.
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TIME BRACKETSTIME BRACKETS
1998 JCO1998 JCO
The first one-piece self-ligating
system, was developed using
CAD/CAM technology.
Microetched undercuts on the bases
Reduced profile
Reduction in in out thickness of 0.14 in
bicuspid and 0.5 in incisors
The outline of the bracket pad
follows the mesial and distal
margins and the contour lines of
the bracket pad are parallel to the
gingival line and the incisal edges.
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System R( In-Ovation series)System R( In-Ovation series)
20012001
• Only self-ligating twin bracket with an active clip.
• Two sizes-
– Standard (1999)
– Reduced width (2001)
• Failure of clip is seldom-if failed modules can be
used.
• Standard bracket has additional slot for aligning
displaced or ectopic teeth.
• Don’t use this in patients with calculus forming
tendency.
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1. Rhomboid-Shaped Base
2. Metal Injection Molding
3. Torque-In-Base
4. CNC milled for precision
and smoothness
5. A Compound Contoured
Base for a more anatomical
fit
6. Center of Slot ID Marker
for better placement and
orientation
1. True Twin "Four Tie
Wing" design offers
rotational control and
versatile use of ligatures
2. Co-Cr "Active" Clip
provides full slot
coverage to gently seat
the arch wire
3. A Horizontal Auxiliary
Slot for sectionals,
uprighting springs, and
rotation springs
4. Smooth Rounded 'Mini'
Posts
5. A Slot Blocker for
preventing the arch wire
from escaping the
bracket slotwww.indiandentalacademy.co
m

• The SmartClip Self-Ligating Appliance System design
shares the MBT philosophy:
– maximum versatility,
– mid-sized twin brackets,
– bracket prescription
– the use of light force.
• The SmartClip consists of two Nitinol clips that open and
close through elastic deformation of the material when the
arch wire exerts a force on the clip. The bracket contains
no moving door or latch.
• eliminates problems such as sticking, spontaneous
opening, plaque build-up, etc., that are associated with
other types of self-ligating brackets.
m

• These are true self-ligating brackets, because the clip
automatically closes and secures the arch wire in the wire slot.
• simplifies the process of arch wire engagement and
disengagement.
Because of the true twin design, the clinician
has the option of selectively engaging the arch wire in only one
clip when teeth are severely malalignied
• additional tie wing design allows ligature ties also.
Nitinol Clip Design
• Designed with finite element analysis.
 Ensures proper arch wire engagement and disengagement
 Forces
 Stress-strain distributions for fatigue resistance.
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• In early 1970s Dr Craven Cruz devolped
true lingual appliance.
– Plastic lee Fischer brackets on the anteriors
and metal brackets on the posterior
• In mid 1970s he smoothened the surfaces.
• 1976 Ormco together with miller craig
kruz devolped lingual appliances with
inclined planes- intrusive force & reduced
bond failure
• 1979- brackets came into market
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Generation of lingual bracketsGeneration of lingual brackets
GENERATION I-1976
ORMCO-FIRST KRUZ LINGUAL APPLIANCE
FLAT OCCLUSAL PLANES IN ANTERIORS
LOW PROFILE & ROUND BRACKETS
ON LOWER INCISOR AND PREMOLAR
NO HOOKS
m

GENERATION II-1980 Canine hooks
Hooks on premolars and anterior
First molar- internal hook
Second molar- terminal recess
GENERATION III-1981
m

GENERATION IV-1982-84
Low profile
Anterior inclined plane
Hooks-optional
GENERATION V-1985-86
Max anteriors- pronounced inclined plane
Increased labial torque
Canine- Bibevelled and inclined plane
TPA attachment
Torque: +68
Angulation:+5
Slot size:0.018 Pad:
special design
Torque +55
angulation +120
in-out .
010 .018
slot
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GENERATION VI-1987-90
Inclined – more square
Elongated hooks on anteriors
and premolars
Optional TPA attachments
Hinge cap
GENERATION VII-1990…
Heart shaped inclined plane
Premolar brackets widened and hooks shortened
Molar bands – terminal sheath or hinge capwww.indiandentalacademy.co
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• Modular construction- each components are
fabricated and positioned independently.
• Low profile ,exact fit
• Made of gold alloy with CAD-CAM software.
• Individualized bracket design.
• Bracket production and positioning are carried out at
single step.
• Improved patient comfort.
• Optimal finishing.
• Ease of direct rebonding.
• More torque is expressed, due to the reduced
thickness of the bracket.
Lingual care - 2001
Wiechmann
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manufacturingmanufacturing
• Impression in polyvinyl siloxane.
• 3D scanning
• Digital bracket base is created on digital model.
• The bracket body is created with pro lingual
software.
• Digital library will help technician to select the
size of bracket.
• Placed on the base.
• The virtual model is crested into a wax pattern.
• Casted and fabricated
• Checked with a 0.018 fine precision gauge
• Polished with Al2O3 and coated with Rocatec plus
m

• Flower, Heart, Star, Soccer-ball and Football
brackets
• Wild Smiles brackets are patented designs
• They are crafted in the US to Roth prescription.
• Torque in base
• 80 grade mesh bonding base
• Axial Placement Technology (vertical stripe line
along the tip angle through the center of each
bracket)
• metal injection molding
• Compound contoured surfaces
• No sharp corners provide easy bonding clean-up
• Cuspids and premolars have hooks
• Tooth number is on mesial gingival tie wing
• Maxillary distal gingival tie wing has a "dash"
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The recent advancement in the bracket design with
various prescriptions has made it possible to chose the
right pre programmed bracket for a particular patient
and various forms of base has led to good bonding
features.
The choice of right bracket design therefore helps in
achieving the best results for an orthodontic patient
m

1986
m

 Kesling, modified the basic edgewise bracket by
removing the diagonally opposed corners from the
conventional edgewise slot to permit free mesial or
distal tipping
 The tip-edge bracket takes advantage of the slot and
permits differential tooth movement with straight arch-
wires, And therefore, called as “Differential Straight ArchDifferential Straight Arch
TechniqueTechnique”
APPLIANCE DESIGN
 Available in single, twin, ceramic versions.
 Molar tubes-2 slots
 Gingival round slot-longer-for initial alignment
 Rectangular-occlusal-shorter-same level of premolar
slot-final stages.
Add g v 15-7
m

Tipping surfaces.
Up righting surfaces.
Central Ridges.
Rotation control.
m

A. Slot dimension is 0.022
inch when uprighting
surfaces are parallel with
the arch wire.
B, Slot can increase to
0.027 inch when distal
tipping of canine occurs.
This permits changing from
0.016 to 0.022-inch arch
wires with no deflection.
m

• Differential tooth movement plus predetermined degrees of
final crown tip and torque.
• Chamfered edges minimizes the anchorage strain and
permits the desired distal crown tipping required for
differential tooth movement.
• Pre adjusted in three dimensions
• The slot is designed so that initial second order changes,
mesio-distal crown tipping, can be accomplished in the
presence of a straight, round arch wire and powered by a
light intra oral forces, elastic or coil springs. Forces for
subsequent root up righting, tip and/or torque are
generated by auxiliaries, not by flexing the arch wires
advantages
m

• Not only do the arch wire slots permits initial crown tipping
but also they are pre-adjusted to provide the desired final
degrees crown tip and torque.
• Anchorage problems associated with previous straight wire
brackets should be completely eliminated as spaces can be
closed with relatively light forces and minimal arch wire
deflection.This results in diminished anchorage demands
and increased vertical control. With differential tooth
movement anchor molars are not subjected to forces great
enough to initiate their movement until spaces are closed
m

• In final stages of treatment, only single point contacts/ no
contact between bracket and wire. Hence effective IBW is
from molar to molar.
• The in/out compensation built in to Tip-edge brackets
eliminates the need for molar offsets normally required
when using ribbon arch type bracket
• Horizontally facing arch wire slots facilitate initial arch wire
engagement especially on rotated teeth. Elastomeric ties
provide a degree of flexibility or “cushion” that doesn't
exist when using ribbon arch type brackets and lock pins.
This enhances patient comfort and reduces the chances for
bond failures.
m

a) Standard Tip-Edge bracket.
b) "Deep Groove" version for maxillary incisors,
featuring conventional edgewise slot that is filled with
special cap to keep arch wire in outer slot during Stages
I and II.
c) Cap is removed for Stage III and deep groove used to
engage nickel titanium torquing auxiliary under main
arch wire.
m

Single width
brackets with wings.
Double width bracket.
Ceramic bracket.www.indiandentalacademy.co
m

Brackets in ortho final

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Brackets in ortho final