Branches of Philosophy - Introduction to Philosophy
- 1. ATTENDANCE!
- 2. INTRODUCTION TO Week 2 - Lesson 2 PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON
- 5. • determine the branches of philosophy; and • reflect on which branch of philosophy they find most practical. Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the students must be able to:
- 6. THE BRANCHES OF PHILOSPHY 1.Metaphysics 2. Epistemology 3. Logic 4. Ethics 5. Aesthetics 6. Theodicy
- 7. METAPHYSICS • It is the study of the physical universe and the ultimate reality. “beyond physics” • it must rise above what is material and sensible.
- 8. METAPHYSICS • It relies on the philosophical logic, rather than scientific experiments, in exploring issues. Issues like the existence of God. “SENSES”
- 9. METAPHYSICS “He stated that our experience with the real world is not real. “ - PLATO
- 11. WHY IS METAPHYSICS IMPORTANT? “nucleus” of philosophy. - existence - purpose
- 12. KEY POINTS • Metaphysics is the study of the physical universe and the ultimate reality. • Metaphysics is the nucleus and the crowning point of philosophy.
- 13. EPISTEMOLOGY • It is the philosophy of science that studies the method of acquiring knowledge. “HOW DO WE KNOW?” - concepts - ideas - all things mental
- 14. EPISTEMOLOGY “how our minds are related to reality” - valid or invalid
- 15. WHY IS EPISTEMOLOGY IMPORTANT? • It is the explanation of how we think. “to determine the true from the false”
- 16. KEY POINTS • Epistemology is the philosophy of science that studies the method of acquiring knowledge. • Epistemology is the explanation of how we think. • Epistemology is concerned with how our minds are related to reality, and weather these relationships are VALID OR INVALID.
- 17. LOGIC • This is the branch of philosophy that has to do with learning the rules, principles, and techniques that should guide your arguments and reasoning. “REASONING” “LOGICAL REASONING” or
- 18. WHY IS LOGIC IMPORTANT? • Knowledge of logic can help facilitate correct thinking or identify wrong conclusions. • The purpose of logic in philosophy is to test the validity of various logical methods in solving real-life problems.
- 19. KEY POINTS • Logic provides the bases for good and valid reasoning. • If we have a good command of logic, it's much easier for us to make good inferences . It amounts to making good arguments.
- 20. AESTHETHICS • This is the branch of philosophy deals with the nature of art. • It explain matters regarding culture and arts and our capacity to distinguish beautiful from what is not.
- 21. WHY IS AESTHETIC IMPORTANT? • Aesthetics vitalize our knowledge making the world more useful and alive. • It helps us live more deeply and richly for appreciation of work of arts arises. • It keeps us in touch with our culture.
- 22. KEY POINTS • Aesthetics deal with the nature of art. • Aesthetics help us experience what is relevant to art which make our knowledge of the beauty of the world relevant.
- 23. THEODICY • This is the branch of philosophy studies God as Subsistent Being and the First Cause of all things. • It is a branch of natural theology that defends God’s goodness and justice in the face of the existence of evil.
- 24. THEODICY “it signifies the justification of God”
- 25. WHY IS THEODICY IMPORTANT? • Theodicy is important because we need to show that the existence of God is compatible with the existence of evil. • The preunderstanding of the idea of salvation.
- 26. KEY POINTS • Theodicy studies God as Subsistent Being and the First Cause of all things. • Theodicy defends God’s goodness and justice in the face of the existence of evil.
- 27. ETHICS • This is the branch of philosophy deals with the evaluation of human actions and the nature of moral virtue. “requirement for human life”
- 28. ETHICS “nature of our moral judgements” “investigate our fundamental ethical ideas”
- 29. ETHICS Where does ethical philosophy usually be used or employed?
- 30. ETHICS Where does ethical philosophy usually be used or employed?
- 31. ETHICS The achievement of common good of the society and the recognition of the fundamental rights of everyone.
- 32. KEY POINTS • Ethics deals with the evaluation of human actions and the nature of moral virtue. • Ethics can correctly organize our goals and actions to accomplish our most important values in life.
- 33. LET’S RECAP!
- 34. 1. Metaphysics 2. Epistemology 3. Logic 4. Ethics 5. Aesthetics 6.Theodicy THE BRANCHES OF PHILOSPHY
- 35. ANNOUNCEMENT!
- 36. Thank you, class! See you next meeting.
Editor's Notes
- #3: What do you recall about the meaning of Philosophy?
- #4: Knowing only the meaning of Philosophy and some of its characteristics are not enough if we are in search for true wisdom.
- #7: "beyond the material things in life" "transcends what is physical" "transcends what is natural" natural --> supernatural "beyond scientific investigation"
- #8: We can say that METAPHYSICS relies on our philosophic logic rather than scientific experiments since it accounts on investigating the unreal entities in terms of the real world that we experience through our SENSES.
- #9: The well-known Philosopher, Plato, enlightened the field of metaphysics by contrasting reality and appearance. -------------- Reality according to him is how we PERCEIVE the world. ____
- #10: Therefore, we can say that what is real is just products of our perception through the mind.
- #11: Moreover, Metaphysics is the heart and the crowning point of philosophy. "Without the explanation of the world around us, we would be helpless in dealing with reality."
- #13: It answers the question "How do we know" since it encompasses the nature of concepts, the development of concepts, logical reasoning, ideas, thoughts, and all things mental.
- #14: It is concerned with how our minds are related to reality, and weather these relationships are VALID OR INVALID. Which part of our body do we use in knowing if something is valid or invalid?
- #15: in order to be able to determine the true from the false. it gives us the understanding of the proper method of evaluation.
- #17: Reasoning is very important in our everyday lives. Decision making can make or unmake us. Thus the quality of our logical capacity affects our well-being. A person equipped with logic can reason far better than those who are not.
- #21: What benefits can us get from aesthetical knowledge?
- #22: What benefits can us get from aesthetical knowledge?
- #24: Theodicy is an attempt to explain the coexistence of God and Evil. Some may say that God creates a world within which suffering is possible because only in such a world could we learn to love and to care. Other won’t agree with it.
- #25: theodicy is important because we need to show that the existence of God is compatible with the existence of evil, of what we can call the "major defects" of the world. theodicy is also important because our grasp of what could (logically) be remedied among these major defects will give us a preunderstanding of the idea of salvation
- #27: Ethics is a requirement for human life. It is our means of deciding a course of action. Without ethics, our actions would be random and aimless. With the help of ethics, we can correctly organize our goals and actins to accomplish our most important values in life.
- #28: From these contentions arise the idea of right versus wrong and evil versus good.
- #29: EXPLANATION IS IN THE NEXT SLIDE!
- #30: Discourses like abortion, divorce, same sex marriage and law-making become areas where ethical philosophy is employed. Because in discussing these issues, the morality of our decisions and actions are being called for and this is one of the main points of ethical philosophy.
- #31: To champion the achievement of common good of the society and the recognition of the fundamental rights of everyone.