Bringing M2M to the web with Paho: Connecting Java Devices and online dashboards with MQTT - EclipseCon Europe 2013
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This document discusses using MQTT and the Eclipse Paho project to connect IoT devices and web dashboards. It introduces MQTT as a lightweight protocol for machine-to-machine communication and outlines its advantages over HTTP. The presenters demonstrate building a Java device simulator that publishes sensor data to an MQTT broker using Paho, and a web dashboard that subscribes to sensor topics using Paho.js to display readings in real-time. Attendees learn how to implement device connectivity, publish and subscribe functionality, and build interactive dashboards to control and monitor IoT devices through MQTT and Paho.
Bringing M2M to the web with Paho: Connecting Java Devices and online dashboards with MQTT - EclipseCon Europe 2013
- 1. Bringing M2M to the web with Paho Connecting Java Devices and online dashboards with MQTT Connecting Java Devices and online dashboards with MQTT
- 2. Your presenters Dominik Obermaier Christian Götz @dobermai @goetzchr
- 3. Agenda ‣ Introduction & Setup ‣ What is M2M, IoT and MQTT? ‣ Build a device simulator with Eclipse Paho in Java ‣ MQTT in the web browser ‣ Build a web dashboard with Paho JS ‣ Summary and outlook
- 4. What you will learn today ‣ M2M & MQTT ‣ Using MQTT in Java applications with Eclipse Paho ‣ Using MQTT in the browser with websockets ‣ Building Web Dashboards with real-time push capabilities with MQTT
- 5. Use case ‣ Device with sensors in your garden or balcony ‣ Frequent live updates on web dashboard ‣ The device should be controlled from a web dashboard ‣ Unreliable (cellular) network
- 6. Big Picture
- 7. Required Software ‣ HiveMQ MQTT Broker ‣ Modern web browser ‣ Eclipse Kepler Java EE - Edition * * Or any other Java Eclipse with WTP installed
- 9. Installation Eclipse ‣ Download Kepler for your OS http://www.eclipse.org/downloads/packages/eclipse-ide-java-ee-developers/keplersr1 ‣ Import the source code for the simulator & web dashboard ‣ File | Import | Existing Projects into workspace
- 10. Installation HiveMQ ‣ Download our prepared archive (includes websockets configuration and MQTT Message Log plugin) ‣ ‣ Windows: ‣ ‣ http://www.dc-square.de/hivemq-eclipsecon.zip Double click on bin/run.bat in the extracted folder Linux/BSD/MacOSX: ‣ ‣ ‣ Open Terminal and change to the extracted folder chmod 755 bin/run.sh ./bin/run.sh
- 11. Verify HiveMQ Installation 2013-10-26 22:12:54,311 INFO - Activating $SYS topics with an interval of 60 seconds 2013-10-26 22:12:54,469 INFO - Starting on all interfaces and port 1883 2013-10-26 22:12:54,482 INFO - Starting with Websockets support on all interfaces and port 8000 2013-10-26 22:12:54,484 INFO - Loaded Plugin HiveMQ MQTT Message Log Plugin - v1.0.0 2013-10-26 22:12:54,488 INFO - Started HiveMQ 1.4.1 in 3075ms
- 12. MQTT in M2M & IoT
- 13. M2M Technology that supports wired or wireless communication of devices
- 14. M2M & IoT Bluetooth Barcode Internet of Things M2M RFID Non-IP
- 15. Why care about M2M/IoT? World Population Connected Devices 50 billion 37.5 billion 25 billion 12.5 billion 0 billion 2003 Devices per person: 0,08 2010 2015 2020 1,8 3,4 6,5 Source: http://www.cisco.com/web/about/ac79/docs/innov/IoT_IBSG_0411FINAL.pdf
- 16. Disadvantages of HTTP ‣ Not optimized for mobile ‣ Only point-to-point communication ‣ (partly) too complex for simple data ‣ Too verbose ‣ No reliable exchange (without retry logic) ‣ No Push Capabilities
- 17. MQTT
- 18. History Arlen Nipper & Andy Stanford-Clark invent MQTT 1999 royalty free OASIS TC formed 2010 2013 MQTT becomes Standard 2014
- 19. Goals ‣ Simple ‣ Quality of Service ‣ Lightweight & bandwidth efficient ‣ Data-agnostic ‣ Continuous session aware
- 20. Features ‣ Last Will and Testament ‣ Retained Messages ‣ Persistent Sessions ‣ Quality of Service ‣ ‣ ‣ 0: At most once 1: At least once 2: Exactly once
- 21. MQTT Broker ‣ Different implementations are available http://mqtt.org/wiki/doku.php/brokers ‣H ‣ High performance MQTT broker ‣ Open Source Plugin System ‣ Native Websockets Support ‣ Cluster functionality ‣ Embeddable
- 26. Paho Project ‣ Protocol implementations for M2M & IoT ‣ Focus on MQTT ‣ C, C++, Java, JavaScript, Lua, Python ‣ Eclipse Incubator Project
- 27. History - Paho Java contribution of IBM is announced at EclipseCon Europe 11/2011 first version in GIT 03/2012 Release v0.1 11/2012 Release v0.2 04/2013 Release v0.4.0 08/2013
- 29. Focus
- 30. Features ‣ Report Status of Device ‣ Send Data to MQTT Broker periodically ‣ Temperature ‣ Weather ‣ Glaze Warning ‣ Change interval if requested by MQTT message
- 31. Under the Hood
- 32. Exercise I
- 33. Paho API MqttClient client = new MqttClient(BROKER_URL, CLIENT_ID); client.connect(); client.publish(TOPIC, MESSAGE, QoS, true); client.setCallback(new SubscribeCallback(this, TOPIC)); client.subscribe(TOPIC, QoS);
- 34. Connect client = new MqttClient(BROKER_URL, CLIENT_ID, new MemoryPersistence()); client.connect(); ‣ Broker URL e.g. tcp://localhost ‣ Unique ClientID ‣ Persistence Provider
- 35. Extended Connect client = new MqttClient(...); final MqttConnectOptions mqttConnectOptions = new MqttConnectOptions(); mqttConnectOptions.setWill(TOPIC, "message".getBytes(), 2, true); client.connect(mqttConnectOptions); ‣ ConnectionOptions ‣ setWill ‣ ‣ ‣ Topic Message Quality of Service Retained Flag
- 36. Publish client.publish(TOPIC, "message".getBytes(), 2, true); ‣ Topic ‣ Message ‣ QoS ‣ Retained Flag
- 37. Subscribe client.setCallback(new SubscribeCallback()); client.subscribe(TOPIC, 2); class SubscribeCallback implements MqttCallback { @Override public void connectionLost(Throwable cause) { } @Override public void messageArrived(String topic, MqttMessage message) throws Exception { System.out.println(topic); System.out.println(new String(message.getPayload(), "UTF-8")); } @Override public void deliveryComplete(IMqttDeliveryToken token) { } }
- 38. Do it Yourself ! ‣ Connect to your local HiveMQ broker ‣ Choose unique client id ‣ Broker URL tcp://localhost ‣ Use simple connect (without LWT) ‣ Connect Start at “S1_Start”
- 39. Add Status of Device ‣ Set Last Will and Testament ‣ ‣ Topic: eclipsecon/status Message: offline ‣ Publish message on eclipsecon/status after connect ‣ Use retained message Start at “S2_Publish_Status_Messages”
- 40. Publish Temperature ‣ Use Random Temperature Generator ‣ Query for new value every 5 sec ‣ Publish to eclipsecon/temperature Start at “S3_Publish_Temperatur_Periodically”
- 41. Adjust Interval ‣ Subscribe to eclipsecon/interval ‣ Implement callback to change the interval on new message arrival ‣ Use interval in temperature publish routine Start at “S4_Subscribe_to_Interval_Update”
- 42. Weather Status ‣ Use RandomGenerator ‣ Publish to eclipsecon/weather Start at “S5_Add_Publish_Weather”
- 43. Glaze Warning ‣ Use RandomGenerator ‣ Publish to eclipsecon/glaze Start at “S6_Add_Publish_Glazed_Warning”
- 44. Simulator completed! complete simulator located in S7_Complete_Solution
- 45. Part II: Web Dashboard
- 46. Focus
- 47. Websockets ‣ Full duplex communication over a single TCP connection ‣ Implemented in most modern web browsers ‣ Websockets over TLS (secure websockets) possible ‣ Allows sub protocols
- 48. Advantages Websockets ‣ Real Push to the browser ‣ No Request / Response (like classic HTTP) ‣ Server can actively work with the connection ‣ Minimum overhead
- 49. MQTT over Websockets ‣ Every browser can be a MQTT “device” ‣ Queuing of messages with QoS > 0 ‣ Retained messages ‣ LWT ‣ Persistent Sessions
- 50. How does it work?
- 51. Javascript Basics I ‣ Dynamically typed ‣ Runs in the browser * ‣ Interpreted language ‣ Multi-paradigmal ‣ Powerful function concept * Nowadays Javascript can also run on the server with node.js.
- 52. Javascript Basics II var myObject = { sayHi : function() { console.log('hi'); }, myName : 'EclipseCon' }; myObject.sayHi();
- 53. Javascript Basics III var greet = function(person, greeting) { var text = greeting + ', ' + person; return text; }; console.log(greet('EclipseCon','Hi'));
- 54. Paho.JS ‣ MQTT Javascript implementation ‣ Designed for usage in browsers ‣ Contributed by IBM in 2013 ‣ Very well structured and documented source
- 55. The Dashboard
- 57. Technologies & Libraries ‣ HTML ‣ Javascript ‣ CSS ‣ JQuery ‣ Eclipse Paho.js ‣ Twitter Bootstrap ‣ JustGage ‣ WeatherIcons
- 59. Part 1 - Do it yourself! ‣ Add a Gauge for the temperature ‣ Add a placeholder weather icon ‣ Add a control panel section ‣ Client online/offline status display ‣ Simulator interval reconfiguration form Start at Eclipse Project “W1_Start”
- 60. Part I - Gauge
- 61. Part I - Gauge <div id="gauge" class="gauge"></div>
- 62. Part I - Weather Icon
- 63. Part I - Weather Icon <i id="weathericon" class="wi-cloud-refresh weather-icon"></i>
- 64. Part I - Control Center
- 65. Part I - Control Center <div id="client_connected" class="alert alert-success hide"> </div> <div id="client_disconnected" class="alert alert-danger hide"> </div>
- 66. Part I - Control Center II <form class="form-inline" role="form"> <div class="form-group"> <div class="input-group" style="width: 150px"> <span class="input-group-addon"> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-time"></span> </span> <input id="intervalinput" type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="seconds"> </div> </div> <div class="form-group"> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" onclick= s "publishInterval($('#intervalinput').val())"> Update Interval </button> </div> </form>
- 67. Part II - Do it yourself! ‣ Add the Paho.js library ‣ Implement a basic subscriber ‣ Connect to local broker ‣ Subscribe to eclipsecon/status ‣ Alert on message arrival topic + payload ‣ Alert on connection failure Start at Eclipse Project “W2_Widgets”
- 68. Part II - Paho.js API I Create a MQTT Client Object var client = new Messaging.Client( "hostname", 8000, “clientId"); Connect to the MQTT broker client.connect(options);
- 69. Part II - Paho.js API II Subscribe to a topic client.subscribe("#",options); Get message contents client.onMessageArrived = function (message) { var topic = message.destinationName; var message = message.payloadString; };
- 70. Part III - Do it yourself! ‣ Subscribe to eclipsecon/temperature ‣ Write a function to refresh the gauge ‣ Refresh the gauge when a temperature message arrives Start at Eclipse Project “W3_Using Paho”
- 71. Part III - Gauge Refresh Refresh the Gauge gauge.refresh(20.3); Convert String to Float parseFloat("20.3");
- 72. Part IV - Do it yourself! ‣ Subscribe to eclipsecon/weather ‣ Write a function to set the weather icon ‣ Possible Payloads: STORM, SNOW, RAIN, CLOUD, SUN Start at Eclipse Project “W4_Temperature_Widget”
- 73. Part V - Do it yourself! ‣ Subscribe to eclipsecon/status ‣ Write a function to set connected / disconnected state in the UI ‣ Write a function to publish to eclipsecon/interval ‣ Call this publish function when clicking the “Update Interval” button. Start at Eclipse Project “W5_Weather_Widget”
- 74. Part V - Paho.js API Publish to a topic var message = new Messaging.Message(interval); message.destinationName = "topic"; message.qos = 2; client.send(message);
- 75. Part V - Show and Hide Elements Show Element $("#element_id").html('My text!'). removeClass("hide").hide().fadeIn("slow"); Hide Element $("#element_id").addClass("hide").hide();
- 76. Part VI - Do it yourself! ‣ Subscribe to eclipsecon/glaze ‣ Add glaze alert to UI if there is a glaze warning ‣ Remove glaze alert from UI if there is no glaze alert Start at Eclipse Project “W6_Control_Center_Widget”
- 77. Dashboard completed! complete dashboard located in W7_Glaze_Warning
- 79. Limitations of the current implementation ‣ At this point there is no real data backend ‣ Only live data ‣ No historical data can be shown easily (e.g. charts) ‣ No authentication & authorization ‣ Secure Transport (TLS)
- 80. Potential Improvements ‣ Data persistence HiveMQ plugins ‣ SQL ‣ NoSQL ‣ ESB ‣ Authentication and Authorization HiveMQ plugins ‣ Integrate into existing applications & infrastructure
- 81. Q &A
- 82. Thanks!