Building better collections: Demand-Driven Acquisition as a Strategy for Monographic Collection Building
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Michael Levine-Clark presented on demand-driven acquisition (DDA) as a strategy for building monographic collections. He discussed how DDA allows libraries to provide access to a much larger collection by only paying for content that is used, matching acquisitions to immediate demand. The University of Denver implemented a DDA program through EBL in 2010 that has expanded access while spending less than traditional purchasing models. DDA provides both challenges and opportunities for managing the consideration pool and defining the long-term collection.
Building better collections: Demand-Driven Acquisition as a Strategy for Monographic Collection Building
- 1. Building Better Collections: Demand-Driven Acquisition as a Strategy for Monographic Collection Building Michael Levine-Clark Associate Dean for Scholarly Communication & Collections Services University of Denver Library Science Talks Swiss National Library Bern September 11, 2012
- 2. Definitions Patron-Driven Acquisition (PDA) Faculty Requests/Input Use Data Demand-Driven Acquisition (DDA) Meets immediate need
- 3. Why DDA?
- 4. Annual Book Production 1200000 1000000 800000 600000 400000 200000 0 DU North United United World Purchases American States States (Self (UNESCO) Scholarly (Publishers) Published) (YBP)
- 5. DDA Opportunity for Publishers & Libraries YBP JULY 2010 - JUNE 2011 DDA Opportunity Slip New Print Notifications Publisher Titles Notifications % Ordered Sent Springer 3,261 1,177,454 4% Wiley 2,881 1,219,333 7% Oxford 2,146 921,359 11% Routledge 2,200 1,099,110 8% Cambridge 1,551 736,043 11% Palgrave Macmillan 1,310 1,006,981 8% McGraw-Hill 637 218,244 6% HarperCollins 410 144,881 11% ABC-CLIO 409 214,167 8% Continuum 518 243,636 8% Brill (& Nijhoff) 573 197,895 8% Penguin Putnam 447 169,820 13% Data from Michael Zeoli, YBP Library Services
- 6. Books Cataloged 2000-2004 (126,953 Titles)* 4+ uses, 18.8% 0 uses, 39.6% 3 uses, 8.2% 2 uses, 12.8% 1 use, 20.6% *University of Denver. Data from June 30, 2010
- 7. Books Cataloged 2000-2004 (126,953 Titles)* 4+ uses, $1,084, 576 0 3 uses, $2,284, uses, $473,06 532 0 2 1 uses, $738,43 use, $1,188,4 5 18 *University of Denver. Data from June 30, 2010.
- 8. Demand-Driven Acquisition Goals Broaden the collection More titles More publishers More subjects Match acquisitions to immediate demand Pay at point of need Pay for amount of need Short-term loans Purchase-on-demand
- 9. Redefining the Collection Everything we can provide in a timely manner Ultimately, bounded only by budget
- 10. What We’ve Done at the University of Denver (DU)
- 11. netLibrary Colorado Alliance of Research Libraries 1999-2005 First use free Purchase on second use Shared access
- 12. NetLibrary Model Weaknesses 2 clicks of any length = a purchase We bought books we didn’t need Bananas! Careless initial profiling We bought single volumes of multi- volume series We bought stuff we didn’t want
- 13. Purchase ILL Requests Price Publisher Publication Date Limited utility
- 14. eBook Library (EBL) Began May 2010 Loaded 42,000 records into catalog (now 90,000 – Aug 31, 2012) No budget for FY 2010 Budgeted $150,000 for FY 2011, 2012 2011: spent $72,924 (14 months) 2012: spent $61,418 (12 months)
- 15. EBL – Initial Criteria Books published after January 1, 2007 Subject limits only in Medicine and Law Some publishers excluded Books under $250.00
- 16. The EBL Model First five minutes free STL for three uses (customizable) One day or one week 10-20% list price Purchase on fourth use (we have just changed to the fifth use) List price
- 17. A Recent Chronology of DDA at DU May 2010 – 42,000 titles from EBL February 2012 – EBL integrated into approval plan (YBP) May-August 2012 – Consortial DDA Pilot with small list of publishers EBL (May) Ebrary (August)
- 18. A Recent Chronology of DDA at DU August 2012 – ebrary added into YBP approval plan September 2012 Added 12,000 older titles via EBL Increased STLs to 4 September 2012 Pilot with large humanities/social sciences publisher Committed same $ as spent on print last year All titles available Ultimate purchase based on use
- 19. DU EBL Data (5/1/2010- 6/30/2012) Actual List 619 titles purchased $49,003 $49,003 5,031 titles with at least $85,338 $398,278 one STL 4,154 titles with at least $0 $328,872 one browse Total (9,804 titles) $134,341 $776,153 Savings $641,812
- 20. Cost Per Transaction Purchase Type Total Cost Cost per Transaction STL $85,338 $9.55 Autopurchase $49,003 $79.17
- 21. EBL Use - Relation to Print Holdings (FY 2011) Same Edition 13.7% Same Edition Checked Out 8.0% Earlier Edition(s) 6.0% Earler Edition(s) 0.8% Checked Out 0.5% Library Use Only 70.3% 0.7% Other No Print
- 22. Cost Projections - GVSU # of Ebooks Total $ of Additional Total Savings Purchased Ebooks not STL Costs over Existing Purchased Plan Purchase on 89 $17,382.31 $3,327.20 $14,055.11 4th Loan Purchase on 58 $24,512.55 $4,621.09 $19,891.46 5th Loan Purchase on 34 $25,722.11 $5,041.64 $20,680.47 6th Loan Purchase on 22 $26,899.83 $5,324.84 $21,579.99 7th Loan Doug Way and Julie Garrison, “Financial Implications of Demand-Driven Acquisition,” in David Swords (ed.) Patron-Driven Acquisitions: History and Best Practices. (Berlin: De Gruyter Saur, 2011), p. 148.
- 23. What We Want to Do at the University of Denver
- 24. A Multi-Format Model E-Books from multiple vendors/publishers Print books When electronic not available When electronic not desired Slip notifications Managed by YBP Primary means of monographic acquisition
- 25. E/P are NOT Simultaneous (but getting better) YBP Library Services data Simultaneous publication = within 8 weeks Fiscal Year Percentage of titles released as ebooks simultaneously with print FY 2013 (Aug 31, 2012) 42% FY 2012 29% FY 2011 19%
- 26. Why is DDA Perfect for E- Books? Seamless Instant Access
- 27. Why is DDA for Print So Difficult? Needs to be automated Must link to a request form from catalog record Must pass through bibliographic information, patron information to acquisitions Should feed into a queue for acquisitions staff
- 28. Why is DDA for Print So Difficult? Users need to understand the process (Unlike for e-books, for which the process can/should be seamless Clear explanation that this is not immediate Clear explanation that e-book version may be available
- 29. Why is DDA for Print So Difficult? Can we rely on a book supply network set up for traditional distribution (at point of publication)? Must rely on availability of title months/years after loading record Will move from bulk shipments to title-by-title Will rely on rush ordering
- 30. Why Print May Not Be So Hard Commercial Print On Demand Lightning Source Nothing will go out of print Increasing availability of e-books User comfort with requesting books From other libraries From remote storage
- 31. The Future E-Books on demand Local print-on-demand option Make accessible all that we can afford
- 32. Budget Goals Commit most of the monographs budget Spend the same to access more titles
- 33. Long-Term Management of the Consideration Pool
- 34. Another Definition Consideration Pool All of the books available for access through the DDA program Potentially much larger than a traditional collection Can be tightly controlled or not – library preference
- 35. Filling the Pool Approval process Broader criteria Inclusion rather than exclusion
- 36. Adding/Removing Records Discovery is key Must be automatic Approval vendor MARC record service
- 37. Pool Maintenance Rules for Length of time in pool Removal Replacement
- 38. Removal of Titles Removal because of content, quality Removal because of financial risk Rules for temporary removal Rules for permanent removal
- 39. Removal? May not be necessary at all Large enough budget and small enough user base may allow permanent access to unlimited titles
- 40. Use Shapes the Pool Titles that are used remain available a bit longer Removing titles = unhappy users
- 41. A Permanent Collection Some titles are core Establish criteria for permanent/longer-term availability Title-by-title Series Publisher Subject
- 42. Role for Vendors Fill the pool (profiling) Provide discovery tools Remove/replace content (profiling) Comprehensive reporting
- 43. What About Consortial DDA? Tension between? Goal of consortial purchasing: shared access for discounted group price Goal of DDA – pay for only what is needed (locally)
- 44. Does DDA Change the Role of the Library? Long-term stewardship vs provision of robust collection for current research and teaching
- 45. Thank You Michael Levine-Clark Associate Dean for Scholarly Communication and Collections Services University of Denver michael.levine-clark@du.edu
Editor's Notes
- #5: US – Library and Book Trade Almanac 2010, p. 485. 2009 preliminary data.
- #20: Total Number of STLs is 8,933 across 5,650 titles (including those ultimately purchased). Excluding those purchased = 5,031Calculations of list price are based on the average cost of the 619 books actually purchased ($79.17)There were 22,327 browses total.The number (4,154) of titles with a browse excludes any that also had a STL or Autopurchase
- #21: Update