Building Capacity for TOD
- 1. Building Capacity for Transit Oriented Development in New England’s Sustainable Knowledge Corridor
- 2. Knowledge Corridor • 3 planning regions: PVPC, CRCOG, CCRPA • 1.6 million residents • $1.53 billion in new transportation investments over next 10 years • Corridor of high value added firms • Major concentration of post- secondary institutions • Recipient of Sustainable Communities Regional Planning Grant
- 3. HUD Sustainable Communities Grant Program • Supports metropolitan and multi-jurisdictional planning efforts • Supports livability principles • More transportation choices • Equitable, affordable housing • Enhance economic competitiveness • Support existing communities • Coordinate policies and leverage investment • Value communities and neighborhoods
- 4. Capacity Building • Leadership Pioneer Valley • Market Analysis of BRT and Rail Corridors for TOD • Transit Enhancement Bus Study-Enfield, Manchester, Windsor
- 5. Capacity Building • Sustainable Land Use Code Development • Affordable Housing Code Development • Affordable Housing Training Module
- 6. MARKET ANALYSIS of the KNOWLEDGE CORRIDOR Southern New England APA Conference Presentation September 21, 2012
- 7. TODAY’S 1)Project Introduction 2)Overview of Economic & Demographic Findings AGENDA 3)Overview of Real Estate Market Assessment 4)Examples of Market Analysis 5)Next Steps September 21, 2012 HARTFORD, CT
- 8. Project Introduction Knowledge Corridor Market Analysis 1. New Britain – Hartford BRT Fully-funded, scheduled to begin in 2014 2. Commuter Rail Expansion: First two phases funded (New Haven – Hartford); First phase being constructed; Service scheduled to begin in 2016.
- 9. Project Introduction Knowledge Corridor Market Analysis
- 10. Project Introduction Knowledge Corridor Market Analysis PROJECT GOALS To improve understanding of the individual transit oriented development (TOD) opportunities that exist and how they may best fit into the regional economic context. - Understand existing market conditions and how they may shape the forms of potential transit oriented development - Create a framework of typologies to understand the different characteristics of the station areas that will be receiving service expansion and the type of redevelopment that is possible. - Identify opportunities for catalytic sites that can change the dynamics of the region
- 11. Project Introduction Why TOD? 1970 POPULATION CHANGE Today • 81% of • 66% of househol household ds were s are families families • Average • Average househol household d size: 3.6 size:
- 12. Project Introduction Why TOD? BABY BOOMERS AND GENERATION Y ARE SHAPING THE FUTURE HOUSING MARKET
- 13. Project Introduction Why TOD? CONNECTION TO JOB CENTERS
- 14. Project Introduction What is TOD?
- 15. Economic Analysis Regional Economic Analysis – Growth / Concentration Sectors Growth industries in the region include eds/meds and professional/tech services. Finance and precision manufacturing remain important to the region, although not growing in employment. 4.5 Insurance Carriers and Related Activities 4.0 3.5 Concentration Relative to United States 3.0 Fabricated Metal Product Transportation Equipment Manufacturing Manufacturing 2.5 Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities Nursing and Residential Care 2.0 Facilities Educational Services Social Assistance Food and Beverage 1.5 Stores Specialty Trade Administrative and 1.0 Contractors Support Services Ambulatory Health Care Services 0.5 Food Services and Drinking Places Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services Hospitals 0.0 -4.0% -3.0% -2.0% -1.0% 0.0% 1.0% 2.0% 3.0% 4.0% Average Year-over-year Growth, 2001-2010
- 16. Economic Analysis Regional Economic Analysis – Geographic Concentration TOD-supportive employment (health, knowledge-based, and education sectors) are concentrated inMaps Key Sector Employment selected places that will be served by the rail and BRT.
- 17. Economic Analysis Corridor / Station Area Economic Analysis Transit corridors and Station Areas demonstrate patterns of industry sector concentration that could form the foundation for future TOD.
- 18. Economic Analysis Corridor Economic Analysis – Comparison to Other Regions Nationally, key employment sectors that are more concentrated in transit areas than in their Employment Mix by Sector: corresponding regions: knowledge-based, education/health, and government. This concentration is even more pronounced in the NHHS knowledge rail corridor. Regions vs Transit Station Areas, 2009 Employment Mix by Sector: Regions vs. Transit Station Areas, 2009 40% 35% 30% US Transit Station Areas 25% US Regions with Transit NHHS Rail Station Areas (excl Mass) 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% National data includes 37 new and established transit regions. NHHS Rail Corridor data excludes Massachusetts station areas. Source: CTOD National TOD Database, 2009 LED Work Area Characteristics.
- 19. Demographic Analysis Regional Demographic Analysis – Cohort Analysis Aging population is large and growing in the region, while the young adult demographic is under- represented. In the next 10 years, housing demand drivers will be the retiring/aging baby boomers. 9.00% 8.00% 7.00% 6.00% Share of Population 5.00% 4.00% 3.00% 2.00% 1.00% 0.00% Under 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85+ 5 Age Group Region* United States *Region is defined as the US Census Metropolitan Statistical Areas encompassing Hartford and Springfield. Source: US Census, 2010.
- 20. Demographic Analysis Corridor Demographic Analysis Demographic characteristics of the corridors differ in important ways from the region..
- 21. Real Estate Market Analysis Regional Real Estate Market Analysis Overall expansion of real estate market in region is small and growth is not concentrated around transit; rather, it is occurring at region's fringes. Multifamily Permits Issued, 2000-2011 Single Family Permits Issued, 2000-2011 Source: DECD
- 22. Real Estate Market Analysis Corridor / Station Area Real Estate Development Feasibility Analyzed sales prices / rents at each station area and compared against an average cost / unit to construct new housing.
- 23. Strategy Alternatives Station Area Typologies Analyze Station Area redevelopment strategies by comparing Station Area characteristics along two axes – market indicators and urban form conditions. 09/22/12 Eastside Westside Airport Interstate Green Milwaukie
- 24. Strategy Alternatives Station Area Typologies 09/22/12 Eastside Westside Airport Interstate Green Milwaukie
- 25. Strategy Alternatives Station Area Typologies
- 26. Strategy Alternatives State Leased Land The state of Connecticut currently leases 2.6 million square feet of office space. While much of this exists in towns which will have NHHS and CT fastrak stops, few are within a walkable radius of the stations. Source: Bureau of Asset Management
- 27. Strategy Alternatives Public Anchor Institutions Public Colleges and Universities are not currently directly linked with transit stops, but as they grow and expand, the States can help to support these station areas with increased educational uses. CCSU, New Britain Source: Dept. of Education – CT, MA
- 28. Strategy Alternatives State Financial Assistance to Private Enterprises Connecticut State Subsidies and Tax Incentives (MA forthcoming) are not currently going to businesses that are located within station areas. Source: Good Jobs First
- 29. Strategy Alternatives Additional Strategies to Incentivize TOD Residential Incentives Zoning Regulations – Per the Sustainable Codes analysis, most station areas are not currently zoned for high-density development. New development can be supported with predicable, appropriately-scaled zoning. TIF Districts – Can assist new development by generating capital to fund infrastructure improvements by bonding against the future tax increment revenue. Affordable Housing – Can “jump start” development of a district and establish a sense of place that can attract future private development. State Subsidies • Brownfield Redevelopment – Funding to clean up polluted sites and prepare them for redevelopment • Downtown Redevelopment – Funding available to assist development directly, as in downtown Hartford. Employer Supported Housing
- 30. Sustainable Land Use Regulation Project Southern New England APA Conference Presentation September 21, 2012
- 33. High-Performance Buildings Objective Guideline • Create high-performance • Use Technical Resources: residential projects to reduce household energy Guidelines for ENERGY STAR consumption, energy utility Qualified New Homes costs, and greenhouse gas emissions • Identify ENERGY STAR partners to design and build the homes • Identify Home Energy Rater to verify ENERGY STAR checklists
- 34. Sustainable Land Use Code Development Project Model Code Language
- 35. Clarion Associates, Project Lead • Ferrell Madden Lewis, form base code issues, TOD & compact development • Seth Harry & Associates, visualizations & graphics • Shipman & Goodwin, local land use expertise, assist code preparation, local liaison SETH HARRY & ASSOCIATES, INC Architects and Planners
- 36. Stakeholders Interviewed: • Town Planners & Planning Professionals • Economic Development Directors • Planning & Zoning Commissioners • Real Estate Developers • CT Homebuilders’ Association • Local Business Owners • Metropolitan District Commission • 1000 Friends of CT • OPM, ConnDOT • Connecticut Housing Finance Authority • Partnership for Strong Communities • Greater Hartford Transit District • Communities with TOD Opportunities Statewide
- 37. Project will focus on creating codes for: • Local food systems/food security • Compact, mixed-use, and transit-oriented development patterns • Energy efficiency and conservation • Housing affordability and diversity
- 38. Work Plan & Project Schedule: TASK 1. CODES REVIEW AND ASSESSMENT (Months 1-6) TASK 2. REGIONAL CHARETTE(S) (Months 6-8) TASK 3. MODEL CODE/BEST PRACTICES MANUAL (Months 8-14) TASK 4. COORDINATE WITH TOD MARKET ANALYSIS (Ongoing Throughout Project) TASK 5. VISUALIZALLY UNIQUE PRESENTATION OF MODEL CODES MANUAL (Months 14-18)
- 39. TASK 1. CODES REVIEW AND ASSESSMENT
- 40. TASK 1. CODES REVIEW AND ASSESSMENT
- 41. TASK 3. MODEL CODE/BEST PRACTICES MANUAL EXAMPLE:
- 42. KEY QUESTIONS What are the Barriers to Doing More Sustainable Development in Connecticut? What Best Practices Exist in Connecticut? WWW.SUSTAINABLEKNOWLEDGECORRIDOR.ORG
Editor's Notes
- #16: Size of bubble corresponds to the number of jobs in the industry. Educational services is one of the largest bubbles. X axis shows average year over year growth from 2001-2010. Social assistance was the fastest growing industry during this period, while specialty trade contractors had negative growth. Y axis shows the industry’s relative concentration compared to the United States. For example, insurance carriers are four times more concentrated in this region than in the nation overall, while professional services have a lower concentration than the national average. Which industries may help support TOD goals in the region? “ Knowledge based ” – red (includes professional, scientific, technical services, admin support services) Health – green (includes nursing and residential care facilities, hospitals, and ambulatory care services) Education – purple (schools, colleges, and universities)
- #17: TOD-supportive employment (health, knowledge-based, and education sectors) are concentrated in selected places that will be served by the rail and BRT. This is a great opportunity to leverage the new transit to intensify these existing employment areas.
- #18: The knowledge, health care, and education sectors have been performing fairly well in the region. In the US, most economists are forecasting that these sectors will continue to grow - and there is a good chance that they will also grow in this region. This presents an opportunity to plan for economic development along the rail and BRT knowledge corridors. However, this would require concerted efforts to reverse the past trends towards de-concentration of employment.
- #19: Based on CTOD database of all transit regions and station areas. Shows that there are key employment sectors that are more concentrated in transit areas than in their corresponding regions: knowledge-based, education/health, and government. This is even more pronounced in the NHHS knowledge rail corridor. 37% of jobs on the corridor are knowledge-based, 28% are in the education and medical sectors.
- #20: Aging population is large and growing in the region, while the young adult demographic is under-represented. In the next 10 years, housing demand drivers will be the retiring/aging bay boomers.
- #21: Aging population is large and growing in the region, while the young adult demographic is under-represented. In the next 10 years, housing demand drivers will be the retiring/aging bay boomers.
- #32: On this map, the color splashes are showing where we have the existing density to support transit and the darker gray areas are where the existing zoning does not support transit - so we need to look at zoning as a piece of the equation when implementing TOD in CT which is one of the reasons we are coordinating these two projects.
- #33: Small bit of background on this project – In 2009 CRCOG created Smart Growth Guidelines for Sustainable Design and Development with assistance from EPA – JRCo was part of a team that helped work on these In response to state affordable housing legislative – HomeConnecticut – wanted to ensure a smart growth & sustainable development context and direction for new housing development
- #34: Document provides great guidelines, but doesn’t set up regulatory framework for making these things happen An objective in the high performance buildings section is: Read from slide And an example of a guideline to go along with it is: Read from Slide Again – information on where to find these resources is in the back of the guidelines document
- #36: Clarion stood out as a national leader in code development having recently completed code audits and implementation in Washington D.C., Miami-Dade County, St. Louis, Salt Lake City, Tucson and Omaha among other places. They also recently drafted a ground-breaking model Sustainable Community Development Code in conjunction with the Rocky Mountain Institute and have led national sustainable development code workshops for the American Planning Association. They’ve also had more local experience working on sustainable code and smart growth audit training workshops for EPA’s Sustainable Communities office in familiar areas such as Essex, CT, Shelburne, VT and Dover, NH.
- #42: I think the RMLUI example is OK. We will also draw on some recent TOD/mixed use ordinances we helped draft in Salt Lake City and Orange County, FL. The model will probably have at its core some fairly straightforward requirements regarding minimum density, preferred use mix, pedestrian connectivity, etc. with some optional sections for more urban TOD/mixed use areas. You can get a sense of the topics the model code might cover from the Orange County mixed use ordinance which is attached.