Building Information Modelling M.arch.pdf
- 2. Syllabus UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO THE FUNDAMENTALS • Key concepts of BIM • Reading and manipulating the software Interface • Navigating within views - selection methods • The importance of levels and grids • Creating walls, doors, windows, and components • Working with essential modification commands and load family. • Creating floors, ceilings, and stairs • Working with type and instance parameters • Importing CAD drawings • Understanding the project browser and type properties palettes • Adding sheets • Inserting views onto sheets • Adding dimensions and text to the mode and plotting Assignment 1
- 3. Syllabus UNIT II ADVANCED MODELING –FAMILY TYPES AND TOPOSURFACE MODELLING • Creating curtain walls, schedules, details, a custom family, and family types • “flex” a family with family types and work with reference planes • Creating rooms and an area plan • Tag components • Customize existing wall styles • Create and edit a topo surface, add site and parking components • Draw label contours • Work with phasing • Understand groups and links • Work with stacked walls • Learn the basics of rendering and create a project template Assignment 2
- 4. Syllabus UNIT III RENDERING AND MATERIAL APPLICATION • Choosing material for buildings • Creating custom walls, floors, and roofs • Keynoting • Working with mass elements • Enhancing rendering with lighting • Producing customized materials • Using sun and shadow settings • Walkthrough technique • Adding decals • Working with design options and work sets • Calculating energy analysis and managing revisions Assignment 3
- 5. Syllabus UNIT IV BIM FOR BUILDING ENERGY SIMULATION • Energy simulation for conceptual BIM models using massing • Detailed modelling using design elements • Rapid energy modelling and simulation • Conceptual Energy Analysis features to simulate performance to produce energy consumption, carbon neutrality and renewable potential reports. Assignment 4
- 6. Syllabus UNIT V BIM FOR COST ESTIMATING, PROJECT PHASING AND ADMINISTRATION • Introduction and theoretical information on the following topics • Model based Cost Estimating • Challenges in cost estimating with BIM • Cad geometrics vs BIM element description • Visual data models • Material substitutions and value engineering • Detailed estimates and take off sheets • XML and automated cost estimate • Project phasing and management • 4D modeling • BIM for project lifecycles
- 7. BIM Fundamentals • Definition and characteristics • Characteristics of intelligent objects and model • Dimensions and Levels of BIM • BIM process and workflow • BIM’s growth, adoption • BIM project scopes and applications
- 8. Recollecting existing ideas about BIM ?!
- 9. BIM - ‘Building’ BIM – Definition Physical objects in built environment are digitally represented - Refers to built Environment The man-made space in which people live, work, commute and recreate on a day-to-day basis." “ Cities Energy & utilities Neighbourhoods Railways & Metro Highways & roads Bridges Infrastructure Landscape Offshore & Marine
- 10. BIM - Building Information 1. Graphical data • Spatial relationships • 3D geometric information • Visual representation • Defined by LOD Eg- Size , shape, texture, scale, proportion and finishes BIM – Definition
- 11. BIM - Building Information 2. Non- Graphical data • Building metadata as Parametric Information attached to model elements. • Can be assigned to / added / edited in elements. Eg- cost, time, manufacturer BIM – Definition Metadata Object type: Masonry wall Core thickness: 9” Plastering thickness: 1” Finish : Tile Cost: 144 % complete: 20 Manufacturer: Object - Wall
- 12. BIM - Building Information 3.Documentation Centralized storage and data flows in a Common Data Environment (CDE), which contains all the information regarding the project. Eg –Autodesk 360 BIM – Definition CDE Construction Documents Contract drawings Schedules, Estimates Models
- 13. BIM - Building Information Modelling Model Management Virtual design and construction processes uses BIM models to plan the construction process from beginning to end. BIM – Definition VDC An Intelligent 3D Model based process that gives insight to effectively plan, design, construct and manage the building. BIM – as a process
- 14. BIM - Building Information Modelling Model Management 1. Graphical data 2. Non- Graphical data 3. Documentation Spatial relationships 3D geometric information Visual representation Defined by Level of Development (LOD). Eg- Size , shape and finishes Building metadata as Parametric Information attached to model elements. Can be assigned to / added / edited in elements. Eg- cost, time, manufacturer Centralized storage and data flows in a Common Data Environment (CDE), which contains all the information regarding the project. Eg –Autodesk 360 BIM – Definition Winning factor for BIM
- 15. BIM - Building Information Modelling Model Management BIM – Definition Winning factor for BIM Model is the central focal point for all project related information in BIM
- 16. BIM – characteristics at an object level Physical object Virtual object in a digital medium Flush Door =
- 17. BIM – characteristics at a object level Parametric Objects • They know “what they are” associated with computable graphical/ non-graphical data and parametric rules. Digital, spatial (3D), Measurable, Comprehensive, accessible, Durable • Consistent and non-redundant data. Change to component data reflects in all views • Each element belong to a system and their locations are defined in space with their interrelationships with other objects with the same or different system
- 18. All the information related to a project such as coordinated drawings or information schedules are extracted from a single 3D BIM Model. BIM – Characteristics at a model level
- 19. All the information related to a project such as coordinated drawings or information schedules are extracted from a single 3D BIM Model. BIM – Characteristics at a model level
- 20. Major challenges in any Architectural project delivery ?!
- 21. BIM – characteristics Parametric Modelling – goals and benefits Waste in AEC projects Root cause Is non-reliable or poor quality information Re-work Poor communication Disconnected workflows Material waste Delays & Overruns Duplication of effort Solution No-reliable and poor quality information is the biggest obstacle in conventional practices. Parametric modelling reduces all of these wastes. Working in a collaborative common data environments breaks fragmentated work silos
- 22. Concept of building twice – Physical Mockup BIM – Manufacturing & construction Industry Model. The Church of Colònia Güell (unfinished) Santa Coloma de Cervelló, (near Barcelona) Spain. Construction started: 1898. Antoni Gaudi. Difficulties of using a Physical model. Difficulties of adding information and simulating behaviour / real world scenarios Source: Pinterest Concept of building twice – First Digitally / Virtually and then Physically on site to scale Helps in identifying and eliminating waste A shift in process to - Increased off site construction practices Modularization and Prefabrication Ability to influence cost over time
- 23. BIM – What it is and what it is NOT? Model with only 3D data and no object attributes Model with no support of behaviour Model that does not reflect the changes made in one view on the other views. Vector line drawing in AutoCAD
- 24. BIM – What it is and what it is NOT? Model with only 3D data and no object attributes Model with no support of behaviour Model that does not reflect the changes made in one view on the other views. Construction Documents Contract drawings BIM Model Pseudo BIM Here, 3D BIM model does not act as central repository of information.
- 25. BIM – What it is and what it is NOT? 3D BIM Here, 3D BIM model acts as central repository of information. Elevation & Views Drawings Schedule / Estimate / Quantity
- 26. Is BIM a software?
- 27. I can use BIM only to design ?!
- 28. BIM can have different use cases. It is utilized in a way that is practical and beneficial to the project. BIM – Uses & significance “Downstream uses of the 3D BIM model” For design, estimating, scheduling, coordination and clash resolution, virtual mock-up, quantity take-off, as-built verification, documentation and facility management etc. A BIM Execution Plan (BEP) and (EIR) Employer’s Information Requirements outlines the processes, information and purpose on the project BIM uses.
- 29. BIM – characteristics Key characteristics • BIM is a process / technology used in Architecture, Engineering & Construction. • Central focus is on a 3D BIM Model which carries all the information related to the project • All the documents related to project are stored in CDE with proper naming convention • Starts based on the Employer’s Information Requirements EIR throughout the different stages of the project cycle, • BEP or Building Execution Plan describes the goals, intent and deliverables of BIM implementation in a project. Different (BCF) BIM collaboration format for file exchanges, file structure and nomenclature are specified.
- 30. PART 2
- 32. BIM – Project life cycle Pre Design -> Architecture Engineering Construction Owners Schematic design -> Design development -> Construction documentation -> Construction stage -> As Built
- 33. BIM – Uses & significance Pre Design -> Schematic design -> Design development -> Construction documentation -> Construction stage -> As Built • Design conflicts identified early in the project • Accurate quantification and budget estimation • Better coordination with all disciplines • Better control on time, cost and quality • Increased productivity & efficiency • Helps analyze project constructability • Ease of access to information
- 34. • Increased predictability of project delivery and reduced risk • Enables faster & better planning, design and construction • Facilitates improved communication between stakeholders • Help in better decision making in all stages • Reduced waste, delays and errors, improved precision • Applicable to entire project life cycle BIM – Uses & significance Pre Design -> Schematic design -> Design development -> Construction documentation -> Construction stage -> As Built Top benefits of BIM Courtesy: Autodesk
- 35. BIM – Project delivery methods Source -BIM Handbook: A Guide to Building Information Modeling for Owners, Managers, Designers, Engineers, and Contractors. Chuck Eastman, Paul Teicholz, Rafael Sacks and Kathleen Liston
- 37. • People process technology • BIM lean IPD • BIM vs digital twin • Open bim
- 38. Compare & contrast traditional VS BIM project delivery ?!
- 39. BIM – Project delivery methods Source -BIM Handbook: A Guide to Building Information Modeling for Owners, Managers, Designers, Engineers, and Contractors. Chuck Eastman, Paul Teicholz, Rafael Sacks and Kathleen Liston
- 40. Conventional practices • Pen & Paper based workflow • Linear processes • Decentralized/ distributed collaboration • People and processes • Working in silos BIM • Shift towards digitalized workflow • Cyclic process • Centralized ( Common data environment) collaboration • People , Process and Technology • Level of Development
- 41. Conventional practices vs BIM • Traditional design method Input data – 2D vector drawings 2D based coordination Impact on the ability to incorporate changes is high • Design based on the BIM model Accurate representations of existing conditions – point clouds, surfaces Multi-disciplinary model-based coordination and clash resolution Impact on the ability to incorporate changes is comparatively less.
- 42. Conventional practices vs BIM • Traditional design method Line- based drawing and documentation. Lot of manual intervention for making changes Eg- AutoCAD Objects inconsistent within the project • Design based on the BIM model Ability to automate repetitive tasks Parametric modelling with intelligent objects Eg- Revit +Dynamo, grasshopper Objects consistent within the project Accurate representations of existing conditions – point clouds, surfaces
- 43. BIM Fundamentals – Dimensions 3D 4D 5D 6D 7D Model + Information Time Cost Lifecycle Operate 8D Safety 9D Lean 10D Industrialized construction
- 44. BIM Fundamentals – Levels Level of Maturity Timeline BIM Level 0 – CAD – 1990s Vector Line drawing BIM Level 1 – 2D & 3D – 2000s Smart 3D Model ( Model + Information ) Sharing – PDFs & CAD Drawings BIM Level 2 – BIM processes – 2010s Collaborative workflow, model-based coordination using a cloud platform BIM Level 3 – Lifecycle management – 2030s BIM platform with a complete integrative process
- 46. Which BIM maturity level are we currently aiming for?
- 47. BIM level 2 process – key project compliance factors • Process & Standards to be used (eg PAS1192-2) and BIM Protocol included in project and Contract documents • Participants Pre-Qualified on BIM Capability (PAS91 Table 8 Questions) before appointment • Employers Information Requirements (EIR) given • BIM Execution Plan (BEP) and Project Implementation Plan (PIP) prepared • Common Data Environment (CDE) used (compliant with BS1192)
- 48. BIM level 2 process – key project compliance factors • Digital Plan of Work (Tasks, Deliverables, List Participants, Roles & responsibilities, Level of Detail) detailed out • All drawing & schedule outputs derived from BIM (no pseudo-BIM) • Federated Model being used for coordination & clash detection, sequencing, programming & planning (4D BIM), quantity take-off and cost control (5D BIM), performance analysis (6D BIM) • Operational Asset Information Models for Facilities Management (7D BIM)
- 49. CDE - Common Data Environment • For information sharing in BIM Level 2, CDE acts as the central repository for all project related information. • CDE helps in managing and distributing project information for different project teams at a defined controllable access level • CDE platform generally hosted on a cloud sharing platform/ external server, accessible to all stakeholders of a project BIM – CDE CDE Construction Documents Contract drawings Schedules, Estimates Models
- 50. IFC - Industry Foundation Class • IFC format is the base information carrier. • Aids information exchange between different software platforms for coordination between different processes and stakeholders. • Developed by buildingSMART • Contains all graphical and metadata of the objects. Geometry, attributes, location etc BIM – IFC, File exchange format .ifc
- 51. EIR - Employer’s Information Requirements • Outlines the project requirements of the employer • Highlights level of modeling detail, management processes, and data exchange formats etc BEP - BIM Execution Plan • Rudimentary document signed between parties to meet requirements mentioned in EIR. • Highlights the responsibilities and roles of stakeholders, methods, BIM deliverable formats and processes with respect to different milestones. EIR BEP
- 52. BIM maturity of Level -2 Collaborative workflow and Coordination review Mechanical Plumbing Electrical Federated model
- 55. Model Coordination • Clash Detection with different trade models • Group clashes • Prioritize clashes Source: https://www.autodesk.com/autodesk-university/class/Navisworks-Clash-Detection-Saving-Time- and-Money-Setting-Clash-Templates-2019
- 56. ISSUE MANAGEMENT • Identify critical clashes • Create clash matrix • Assign clashes using BIM Track Source: http://karolinabisewska.com/2018/05/04/clash-detection/#page-content
- 57. REPORTS AND STATISTICS ✓ Detection of hard and soft clashes within MEP systems ✓ Listing the identified Clashes for action ✓ Modification of 3D models to comply with conflict free designs ✓ Clash free and streamlined installation of MEP systems Source: https://i.ytimg.com/vi/1q-CguIHnvU/maxresdefault.jpg
- 58. BIM Fundamentals – Level of Development / Detail (LOD) Model detail increases over time Pre Design -> Determines Return On Investments Image courtesy- https://www.hitechcaddservices.com/bim/support/level-of-development-lod/ Architecture - Engineering - Construction - Owners Schematic design -> Design development -> Construction documentation -> Construction stage -> As Built
- 59. Fig: Design productivity after implementation of BIM Source: https://www.cadalyst.com/aec/calculating-bim039s-return-investment-2858
- 60. BIM Fundamentals – Level of Development / Detail (LOD) LOD - LOD 100, LOD 200, LOD 300, LOD 400, LOD 500 • Refers to the amount of detail associated with the model • The level of detail increases with its mentioned number from 100 to 500. • The LOD is used to identify the required level of detail at each stage of the project as per the project requirements Level Of Information – LOI • Refers to the non-graphic data added to the model objects. • As the project progresses the non-graphic data with the object increases. Level Of Model Definition – LOMD • Defines the graphical and non-graphical details required in a model at different stages of the project **LOD framework decides model element content requirements
- 61. Current scenario- Growth, Evolution and Adoption (In India & Abroad) Source : McAuley, B., Hore, A. and West, R. (2017) BICP Global BIM Study - Lessons for Ireland’s BIM Programme Published by Construction IT Alliance (CitA) Limited, 2017. doi:10.21427/D7M049 Current predictions suggest that by 2024, close to 70% of all contractors in the US and almost 90% of architectural and design firms will be using BIM on their projects
- 62. LOD standards were established by AIA in 2008, from LOD 100 to LOD 500 to define extent of design detailing of each component in the BIM model. LOD 100 - Elements have generic representation. Conveys only a basic idea of spatial existence. but not the exact size, shape or orientation. LOD 200 – An approximate representation of rough idea of elements’ size, location in the facility etc. LOD 300 - This shows the specific geometric size of the element and orientation, location, and quantity used across the facility. LOD 350 – Has precise information about the connection detail between elements. LOD 350 is the minimum requirement of construction firms. LOD 400 - Sufficient information for fabrication of elements LOD 500 - Shows operational geometry of the component with verified information i.e manufacturer details, dates, part, and model number etc.
- 63. Current scenario- Growth, Evolution and Adoption (In India & Abroad) BIM in India, few project examples Project 1. Personal Rapid Transit in Amritsar BIM Scope: Scheduling, planning, designing, construction Project 2. Bangalore Airport Terminal 2 BIM scope: Autodesk BIM 360 as CDE for design and planning Project 3. The Nagpur Metro Rail Corporation BIM scope: 5D Project 4. Delhi Metro Rail BIM scope: Underground track construction https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mwNQ9PsqVkE
- 64. Current Trends in BIM & Application throughout the lifecycle Site Logistics, Laser scanning & point cloud models AR and VR AI based design tools 4D sequencing, 5D Model based estimation, LCA and sustainability studies Digital document management Design coordination and issue resolution As-Built models Integration with BAS system Processes in BIM Facility Management Collaborative cloud platforms & workflows Trade Modeling and shop drawings Model based trade coordination Virtual Mockup Prefabrication Field layout AR Design Construction Turnover Pre- construction Project Lifecycle Maintenance , operation and renovation Conceptual design phase Schematic design & Design development phase
- 65. Project scopes for BIM adoption Using different model authoring tools & Processes Suitable for all ‘Built environment’ components (for micro to macro scale) Architecture and building design Civil and structural engineering Energy and utilities Highway and road engineering Landscape and land surveying Offshore and marine architecture Rail and metro transportation engineering Tunnelling and subway architecture Urban master-planning and smart city design Cities Energy & utilities Neighbourhoods Railways & Metro Highways & roads Bridges Infrastructure Landscape Offshore & Marine
- 66. Softwares For Design Intent visualizations, AR & VR • 3Ds Max, Revit, Enscape, SketchUp, Twin Motion, Lumion For BIM Model Authoring • Autodesk Revit Architecture, Revit Structure, Revit MEP • AECOSIM, ArchiCAD, Civil3D, Vectorworks, Tekla For Document Management Bluebeam Revu, PlanGrid For Trade coordination and 4D Navisworks, BIM Track, Synchro, Solibri, BIM Colab, Revizto etc. For CDE BIM 360, Viewpoint, Projectwise, Procore, Aconex, A-site etc.
- 67. State of art in the field – other trends in digital technology • Digital Twins • AR / VR / MR • Artificial Intelligence and machine learning • Digital models as a legal document • Automation in construction • Prefabrication • 3D printing • Generative design