Building planning
- 1. Building technology & planning Dr.Bharat nagar Professor Civil Engineering
- 2. What is building? •Define as any structure for any purpose and constructed by any material , used as human habitation. •Include foundation ,plinth and superstructure
- 6. Factors for Site Selection of Residential buildings •There are many factors which must be taken in to account while selecting a site for a commercial and residential buildings. Some of these factors are given below.
- 7. •Shape of the Plot •Location of the plot •Availability of facilities •Water Table •Sewerage system •Good soil surface •Away from quarries, kilns, factories etc Factors for Site Selection of Residential buildings
- 8. Factors for Site Selection of Residential buildings •Shape of the plot: Geometry of the plot for any kind of construction is very important which can largely effect the appearance of our structure. Shape of the plot should be such that the construction can be easily made with cost low as possible. And also in the future we can further expand it. A plot with more routes will be considered a good one.
- 9. Factors for Site Selection of Residential buildings
- 10. Factors for Site Selection of Residential buildings
- 11. Factors for Site Selection of Residential buildings •Sewerage System: There should be proper sewerage system at the site of residential plots. The site should be on elevated ground & have slope towards front street to afford facility of good drainage. So that the extra water of houses can easily be drawn out especially in rains and floods. if in case there is no sewerage system the dirty water effect the building and as well the occupants as well.
- 12. Factors for Site Selection of Residential buildings •The situation of site should be such as to ensure un obstructed natural light and ventilation •Sites near high voltage power transmission lines should be avoided •The soil should have good bearing capacity , hard strata should be available at reasonable depth (1.20m-1.50m)
- 13. •The orientation of site should be such that it received maximum light and air in plenty
- 14. Site plan A site plan is an architectural plan showing the building footprint,parking,drainage facilities, sewer –drainage line, water lines, landscaping etc. •The boundary of the plot, shape of site and house dimensions •Set back lines at front, back, and sides •Any permanent boundaries or marks existing should be indicated on the plan •Names and width of existing streets and roads •Centre line should be indicated
- 15. Site plan •Elevation at corners of plot •No of plot and block , if any and names of adjoining properties •Direction of wind and north line •Location details of gas line,under ground drainage , water mains, man holes, ventilating pipes etc should be indicated
- 16. Sun Shading Device •The objective of shading device is to prevent direct sunlight penetration into the building’s interior. •if the building is located around the equator region as majority of sunlight gained are on the East and West facades.
- 17. Sun Shading Device •Therefore sun shades only need to be installed on these 2 sides of the building while the North and South facing facades can be completely glazed to achieve maximum view outside. • However, solar radiation is not gained mainly from the sun itself only. Let’s take a look at the diagram below.
- 20. Sun Shading Device •Besides direct sunlight, we get indirect solar radiation particularly from the ground and the adjacent buildings. •If the ground around the building is mainly of concrete, then there will be notable increase in temperature to the lower levels of the building
- 21. •And if the neighboring buildings have bright colors or extensive reflective glazing on their facade, then our building will get more amount of reflected radiation from them. Therefore it is very important to take the environmental context into consideration and not focusing solely on the position of the sun only.
- 22. Sun Shading Device •external sun shading device is the most effective in cutting out sunlight into the interior. •the curtain is actually the least effective approach as sunlight already enter into the building by the time it hits the curtain. The heat will build up around the curtain and eventually warms up the room. •Blind within double glazing is effective but can be costly.
- 23. Sun Shading Device •For external sun shades alone, there are many different types that can be considered.
- 28. Sun Shading Device •Once the fundamental concepts of this passive environmental design is understood, we just need to be more creative and experiment with different types of design in order to produce interesting secondary skin for your buildings
- 38. PASSIVE SOLAR COOLING The last two decade has witnessed a severe energy crisis in developing countries especially during summer season primarily due to cooling load requirements of buildings . The energy consumption in buildings is quite high and is expected to further increase because of improving standards of life and increasing world population.
- 39. PASSIVE SOLAR COOLING Air conditioning use has increasingly penetrated the market during the last few years and greatly contributes in the upsurge of absolute energy consumption
- 40. According to the World watch Institute, buildings consume about 40% of the world’s energy production. As a result, buildings are involved in producing about 40% of the sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides that cause acid rain and contribute to smog formation. PASSIVE SOLAR COOLING
- 41. Building energy use also produces 33% of all annual carbon dioxide emissions, significantly contributing to the climate changes brought about by the accumulation of this heat trapping gas . In India, the building sector represents about 33% of total electricity consumption, with commercial sector accounting for 8% and 25 % respectively
- 42. A ‘passive’ solar design involves the use of natural processes for heating or cooling to achieve balanced interior conditions. PASSIVE SOLAR COOLING
- 43. Solar shading •Shading by overhangs, louvers •Shading of roof (Roofs can be shaded by providing roof cover of concrete or plants or canvas or earthen pots etc ) •Shading by trees and vegetation METHODS OF PASSIVE SOLAR COOLING
- 44. PASSIVE SOLAR COOLING Induced ventilation techniques •Solar chimney •Air vents •Wind tower
- 45. Induced ventilation through curved roof and air vents
- 48. Building Aspect •Positioning of buildings in relation to the movement of the sun •Which way should a building face? •Which way should its constituent parts face?
- 50. Site selection according to vastu •Types of soil •Earth is classified according to its color like brick red, dark brown, black, yellow or mixed, according to its smell, texture and taste. Black and clayey soil is not good for construction. •The soil white in color, having lotus smell, sweet taste and which contains greenery is considered very good. •The soil red in color, smelling blood and astringent in taste is good but needs some
- 51. •The soil yellow/pale green in color, greenish smell and sour taste is average and needs a lot of rectification before commencement of work. •The soil black in color, having pungent small and bitter taste should be avoided as it is not auspicious for construction of the houses.
- 52. Location and buying •The location of the plot is very important as the surroundings affects us directly and indirectly. You must take care of the following things
- 53. •One should not buy the land from people suffering from prolonged sickness or who have become insolvent, distressed or unfortunate people as the atmosphere of the particular space depends on the people living there. •The soil of the land should not contain ant- hills, bones, skeletons. •Old houses which are damaged due to fire, lighting, rain and storm etc., are not good. •You should not buy the land which is
- 54. Topography and surroundings •There are several factors which make a plot useable or non useable. The four directions, the shape, the existence of highways, cremation places, rivers, wells, places of worships, they all influence the VASTU of the place
- 55. •There should not be any tomb adjacent to the plot or in front or the back. If this is the condition, the people residing in that house will live in fear and will never have the peace of mind. •A temple, church, mosque also should not be in front of any house otherwise the inmates will always be sick and mentally upset. •Falling of shadows of the temples and trees nearby on the main building brings undesirable
- 56. Selection of the plot •Facing of the plots are considered important but there is a wrong notion that North and East facing plots are better than South and West facing plots. This is not true, all the directions are equally important; it is up to us how much we follow the rules
- 57. •The plot should be either square or rectangle in shape. •Irregular shapes should be avoided or should be cured before construction. •The site should be level or sloping towards North or east or North-East
- 58. Vaastu Tips For Plot Selection •Choose a plot that doesn't have an irregular shape. Square or rectangle shape plot is considered good. Make sure that the plot doesn't have any cracks •It is advisable to buy a plot that has the main entrance in the mid-west or in the northern portion of the plot
- 59. •A plot-facing road from all sides is considered auspicious •People of different occupations are affected by certain directions chosen for plot. For instance, a plot facing east is considered favorable for scholars, philosophers, priests, teachers and professors. •For people handling administration of a firm, selecting a plot facing north is good. Government employees can also choose a plot facing north
- 60. •In case you are a business person, then purchase a plot that faces south. For the people providing services to the society, opting for a plot facing west is good. •According to vaastu shasthra, fertile plot with greenery surrounding it is considered auspicious.
- 61. •Make sure that there is no graveyard or tomb in the front, back or adjacent to your plot. •Avoid the plot that is located in the vicinity of schools, colleges or cinema theatre
- 62. •Do not purchase a plot, to which rain water from the roof of the neighborhood falls. •Make sure that there is not tall building located in the north eastern side of your plot, because it would ruin your mental peace. However, if the high-rise building is located in the south, south west or western side, you may purchase the plot.
- 63. •Avoid purchasing a plot with rivers or canal flowing on west or south side of the plot. •Make sure that there is no pillar, electric or post nearby your plot.