Building planning
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The document discusses the principles of building planning in civil engineering, focusing on human habitation needs, site selection, and the arrangement of building components. Key considerations include aspects such as privacy, circulation, sanitation, ventilation, and flexibility, alongside adherence to building bye-laws. It emphasizes the need for efficient space usage, appropriate room dimensions, and integration of aesthetic elements to ensure functional and comfortable living environments.
Building planning
- 1. BUILDING PLANNING Elements of Civil Engineering By: Rakesh Kumar Verma
- 2. PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING Planning of building depends on: Human habitation & their requirements Component parts, sizes and inter- relationship Topography and shape of plot Climatic condition Location and neighbourhood Plan of Building: GROUPING and ARRANGEMENT of components of building in a systematic manner so as to form a homogeneous body with a comprehensive look out to meet its functional purpose. Well organization of building components
- 3. 3D view of 3BHK plot
- 5. PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING • ASPECT : Placement of different rooms of house in accordance with our activities at different hours of day. • Rooms should get enough sunlight and air, which gives • Cheerful atmosphere • Comfort • Hygienic condition A room which receives light & air from particular direction is said to have ‘aspect’ of that direction.
- 8. PROSPECT view as seen of the outside from the windows and doors in external walls It is determined by view as desired from certain rooms of house View of the garden or a nearby hill At the same time, it is naturally intended to conceal some undesirable views
- 9. Arrangement of windows in external walls so as to reveal certain desirable views and conceal undesirable views from outside Can be done by putting brackets or by providing blind walls Projection of windows gives prospect.
- 10. • PRIVACY : Privacy can be of • Sight (bath, w/c) • Sound (confidential discussion, study room) • Both sight and sound (bed room) PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING • It broadly classified in two categories i.e. • Internal privacy • External privacy
- 11. PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING • Correct positioning of doors and openings of shutters • Proper grouping of rooms • Providing buffer area between bed room and other rooms • Vertical segregation of rooms i.e., by providing drawing, dining, kitchen, toilet at GF and bed and toilet at FF • Internal privacy : It is privacy within building, it can be achieved by
- 12. • External privacy: It is privacy of whole building with reference to surroundings (buildings and road) • It can be achieved by PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING 1. Compound wall to a height of 1.35 to 1.5 m 2. Planting trees along compound wall (acts as sound & sight barrier) 3. Providing screen walls, curtain walls and dwarf wall on verandah
- 13. PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING • Furniture requirement : Planner should know how much space is needed by each function Room sizes can be completed on basis of 1. permanent furniture to be used 2. It’s dimensions and arrangement 3. Clearance for circulation
- 14. PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING 1. Max use of a room with min possible dimensions 2. Rectangular room gives better outlook compare to square room of same floor area. 3. Length/breadth ratio of 1.2 to 1.5 is desirable 4. When it exceeds 2, it creates tunnel like feeling 5. Similarly height also plays imp. role Room should have all proportional dimensions Light colours create effect of more space Light and dark colour for different walls of same room will reduce effect of less width and more length • Roominess: It is feeling created after a room is well-furnished with all permanent furniture as spacious and well-planned.
- 15. PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING • Grouping: It is arrangement of different rooms with reference to their functions, it improves comfort, privacy and convenience and minimises circulation Points to be considered • Verandah adjacent to drawing room • Dining room close to kitchen • Bed room, toilet and dressing room grouped together • Bath and w/c should be nearer to each other • Staircase should be easily accessible from all rooms • w/c should be away from dining, psychological feeling of being away from insanitary place
- 16. PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING • Circulation: It is access into or out of a room, it is internal movement inside a building • Circulation area shall be straight, short, bright, lighted both day and night, well ventilated and free from obstructions • It should not affect privacy nor interfere with utility • It is of two types • Horizontal – circulation within same floor • Vertical – circulation between different floors
- 17. PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING • Sanitation: It is provision and upkeep of various components of house to keep inmates cheerful and free from disease Factors influence sanitation are • Lighting • Ventilation • Cleanliness • Lighting : natural sunlight or artificial • Intensity of natural light is affected by pollutants like smoke, dirt, dust, gases and clouds • Min window area = 1/7th floor area (hot-humid climate) • Min window area = 1/10th floor area (dry climate)
- 18. PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING • Ventilation: a system of supplying or removing air by natural or mechanical means to or from any enclosed space to create and maintain comfortable condition • Orientation of building and location of windows help in providing proper ventilation Basic requirements in ventilation Sensation of comfort Reduction in humidity Removal of heat Proper supply of oxygen Reduction of dust
- 19. PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING Artificial: Necessary if room is to be occupied by more than 50 persons or where space per occupant is less than 3 m3, it is achieved by exhaust system of supply system. Natural: Suitable for houses and flats, achieved by designing windows and ventilators opposite to each other • There are two methods of ventilation
- 20. PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING Dust: 1. Creates health problems 2. Makes surfaces dull 3. Floors shall be mooth, impervious, non- absorbing, uniformly sloping Dampness (wetness): 1. Root cause of infection 2. Walls and floors shall be damp-proof 3. Kitchen, bath and w/c shall be drained off quickly Cleanliness
- 21. PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING • Flexibility: A room which is planned for one function be used for other, if so required. • It is ease with which a room designated for a particular activity can accommodate more load temporarily or may supplement activity of another room • As drawing room used as guest bed room • Kitchen as additional dining room etc.
- 22. PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING Elegance: is grand appearance of a building, mainly owing to the elevation which in turn depends on plan • A better elegance can be obtained by • Superior building materials for facing – like paint, glass, timber, polished stones – granite, marble, mosaic etc. • Providing projections – like sunshades, balconies, porch etc. • Providing corner windows etc Depends on • Elevated site • Architecture • Neighbourhood • Conformity with nature • Nativity • Adjoining building and relative placement
- 23. PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING • Economy: building should have min floor area with max utility • It should not achieved at the cost of strength • Only with proper planning and utility of space being maximized (passage being minimized) • Can be achieved by, • Simple elevation • Providing small portion for balconies, lobbies • Reducing storey height • Reducing no of steps of stairs • Standardization of sizes of various components and materials
- 24. Site should preferably be situated on an elevated and levelled ground. It should not be located in a flood prone area. The soil at site should have good value of bearing capacity. The site should not be irregular in shape. The site should be rectangular or square in shape. The site should be located in developed area. SITE SELECTION
- 25. The site should be located away from quarries, kiln, industrial plants etc. The site should have unobstructed natural light and air.
- 27. BUILDING BYE-LAWS The various aspects of building activities covered by bye-laws are under: • Distance from electric lines • Built up area limitations. • Norms related to height or sizes of rooms. • Lighting & ventilation of rooms. • Building services.
- 28. Distance of buildings from electric line
- 29. Minimum heights of different parts of buildings • HABITABLE ROOMS- 2.75 M. • KITCHEN- 2.75 M. • BATH ROOMS- 2.4 M. • WC – 2.4 M. • PLINTH LEVEL- 30 CM.
- 30. Minimum sizes of diff. Parts of buildings • HABITABLE ROOMS- MIN WIDTH:- 2.4 M. MIN AREA :- 9.5 SQ.M • DRAWING ROOM- MIN WIDTH:- 3 M. MIN AREA :- 11 SQ.M • STUDY ROOM - MIN WIDTH:- 2.4 M. MIN AREA :- 9.5 SQ.M
- 31. Minimum sizes of diff. Parts of buildings • KITCHEN WITH STORE- MIN WIDTH:- 1.5 M. MIN AREA :- 5.6 SQ.M • KITCHEN HAVING SEPARATE STORE- MIN WIDTH:- MIN AREA :- 4.5 SQ.M • KITCHEN WITH DINING ROOM- MIN WIDTH:- 2.4 M. MIN AREA :- 9.5 SQ.M
- 32. Minimum sizes of diff. Parts of buildings • BATH ROOM - MIN WIDTH:- 1.5 M X 1.2M MIN AREA :- 1.8 SQ.M • COMBINED BATHROOM & WC- MIN WIDTH:- 1.2M MIN AREA :- 1.8 SQ.M • WC- MIN WIDTH:- MIN AREA :- 1.1 SQ.M
- 33. Lighting & ventilation of rooms • 1/10th OF FLOOR AREA IN DRY HOT CLIMATE. • 1/7TH OF FLOOR AREA IN WET HOT CLIMATE. • AREA OF DOORS & WINDOWS IN A ROOM IS NOT LESS THAN 1/7TH OF FLOOR AREA.
- 34. Built up area limitation • BUILTUP AREA OR COVERED AREA OF A BUILDING ON GROUND- PLOT AREA- AREA OF OPEN SPACES AROUND THE BUILDING. • F.A.R (FLOOR AREA RATIO):- F.A.R = COVERED AREA OF ALL FLOORS PLOT AREA
- 35. Kitchen Work Room 24 x 12 Floor Plan 24’ 36’ Living and Garden Room 12 x 24 Bedroom 14 x 12 Bathroom 8 x 12